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Octavian Caesar, who was also called Augustus, was his adopted heir while he was still living, the son of Atia his sister and Octavius, a man of praetorian rank, who, while staying in Apollonia of Epirus for the sake of his Greek education, hastened to Rome because of the slaughter of his uncle and won over the people with acts of generosity, and having clashed briefly with the leading consuls Antony and Lepidus and having prevailed over them everywhere, and finally having come together with them in friendship, he persuades them and the senate of the Romans to make war, having condemned Brutus and Cassius along with their associates, and for Antony and Lepidus and Augustus himself as a third to be appointed generals at the same time. And Lepidus remained to guard Rome, but Augustus and Antony, having made war against the party of Brutus and Cassius in Greece, so prevailed over them, that having become fugitives in fear of what was coming, in the end both killed themselves. 367 Then after the victory, Augustus and Antony, having come to Rome, divided with Lepidus the entire Roman dominion, and one might almost say of the inhabited world, into three parts. And Augustus was allotted Europe towards the west as far as the Ocean, Lepidus all that was towards Libya, and Antony the whole of Asia. The latter, having heard that a certain Labienus, one of the Roman officials, one of those on the side of Brutus and Cassius, had fled to Orodes, king of the Persians, and persuaded him to make war on the Romans, and that he had sent generals and his son Pacorus with a great force for this purpose, first sends generals to oppose them, one of whom was Ventidius, who also secured the victory for the Romans around Lydia and in the country of Euphratensis called in Syriac. The Persians, therefore, having been soundly defeated by the generals of Antony and the Roman senate, Orodes was still preparing for a second war, with Antony doing the same. Then indeed Antigonus, having sent forth those of the Jews who were well-disposed, accuses Herod and his brothers along with Hyrcanus. For Herod's father Antipater had previously been destroyed by Malichus with poison; Antony, having punished the accusers of Herod, for the time being confirmed the rule for Hyrcanus and Herod, while he was in Antioch. Then, as more of the Jews cried out against them, he put to death their leading men. At that time he also proved an eager attendant to Cassius, who after the assassination of Caesar had taken eight hundred talents from Judea, when Herod also avenged the death of Antipater his father by killing Malichus at the behest of Cassius. But having been driven again from his rule with Hyrcanus, he flees to Antony, and not being accepted by the Jews, he fights stoutly, and drives out Antigonus himself. But Antigonus, despairing of Roman aid, flees to Orodes, the king of the Persians who was fighting the Romans, and is brought down 368 into Judea by Pacorus, son of Orodes, having promised a thousand talents of gold to the Persians; and he takes Hyrcanus alive, having bitten off his ears with his teeth, so that he could no longer serve as priest, and he betrayed him again to the Persians to take away with them. But Herod came as a fugitive to Malichus, king of the Arabs. At that time his brother Phasael is also killed. Chronography from the creation of the world 5458. The second monarch of the Romans, Caesar Sebastos Octavius, also surnamed Augustus, reigned for 56 years. In the 5460th year of the world, the second year of Augustus Caesar was completed and the third began, in which also the indiction, or epinemesis, was established by him, as the blessed Maximus testifies in his discourse on Easter. To the Jews who sent an embassy, that is to Hyrcanus and Herod, a decree of the senate and a resolution of the Athenians concerning friendship was sent out. Cicero the orator and senator was killed in Caieta of Italy, but as others say, that he killed himself with poison. The rule of the 7 kings who reigned in Pergamum ceased, having lasted 154 years from the 5313th year of the world until the 5467th, as will be shown next. From Gaius

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κληρονόμος υἱοθετηθεὶς ἦν αὐτῷ ζῶντι Ὀκταβιανὸς Καῖσαρ ὁ καὶ Αὔγουστος κληθείς, υἱὸς Ἀττίας τῆς ἀδελφῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ Ὀκταβίου στρατηγικοῦ ἀνδρός, ὃς ἐν Ἀπολλωνίᾳ τῆς Ἠπείρου λόγων ἕνεκα παιδεύσεως Ἑλληνικῆς διάγων, εἰς Ῥώμην σπουδαίως διὰ τὴν τοῦ θείου σφαγὴν ἀναχθεὶς φιλοτιμίαις τὸν δῆμον προσάγεται καὶ τοῖς ὑπάτων προὔχουσιν Ἀντωνίῳ καὶ Ἐλπιδίῳ συμπλακεὶς μικρὰ καὶ κρατήσας αὐτῶν πανταχοῦ, τέλος δὲ καὶ συνελθὼν αὐτοῖς εἰς φιλίαν, πολεμῆσαι Ῥωμαίων τούτους καὶ τὴν σύγκλητον πείθει καταψηφίσασθαι Βροῦττον καὶ Κάσσιον ἅμα τοῖς σὺν αὐτοῖς, στρατηγοὺς δὲ κατὰ ταὐτὸ Ἀντώνιον καὶ Ἐλπίδιον καὶ αὐτὸν Αὔγουστον τρίτον προχειρισθῆναι. καὶ ὁ μὲν Ἐλπίδιος πρὸς φυλακὴν ἔμεινε τῆς Ῥώμης, Αὔγουστος δὲ καὶ Ἀντώνιος τοῖς περὶ Βροῦττον καὶ Κάσσιον ἐν Ἑλλάδι πολεμήσαντες οὕτω κρατοῦσιν αὐτῶν, ὡς φυγάδας γενομένους φόβῳ τῶν ἐπικειμένων τέλος καὶ αὐτοὺς ἑκάτεροι διαχειρίσα 367 σθαι. εἶτα μετὰ τὴν νίκην ἐλθόντες εἰς Ῥώμην Αὔγουστος καὶ Ἀντώνιος διαιροῦνται μετὰ Ἐλπιδίου τριχῆ τὴν ὅλην Ῥωμαίων ἀρχήν, σχεδὸν δὲ εἰπεῖν τῆς οἰκουμένης. καὶ ὁ μὲν Αὔγουστος τὴν πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἄχρις Ὠκεα νοῦ κληροῦται Εὐρώπην, Ἐλπίδιος δὲ τὴν πρὸς Λιβύην πᾶσαν, Ἀντώνιος δὲ τὴν ὅλην Ἀσίαν. ὃς ἀκούσας Λαβίινόν τινα τῶν ἐν τέλει Ῥωμαίων, ἕνα τῶν ἐπὶ Βροῦττον καὶ Κάσσιον, πρὸς Ἡρώδην Περσῶν βασιλέα φυ γόντα καὶ Ῥωμαίοις πολεμεῖν πείσαντα, στρατηγοὺς δὲ καὶ Πάκουρον τὸν υἱὸν ἐν πολλῇ δυνάμει πρὸς τοῦτο πέμψαντα, στέλλει πρότερον στρα τηγοὺς τοὺς αὐτοῖς ἀντιταξομένους, ὧν εἷς ἦν καὶ Βένδιδος, ὁ καὶ τὴν νίκην Ῥωμαίοις διαπραξάμενος περί τε Λυδίαν καὶ ἐν τῇ Συριστὶ καλουμένῃ χώρᾳ τῆς Εὐφρατησίας. ἰσχυρῶς οὖν ἡττηθέντων Περσῶν ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀν τωνίου καὶ τῆς Ῥωμαίων βουλῆς στρατηγῶν Ἡρώδης ἔτι πρὸς δεύτερον ἑτοιμάζεται πόλεμον, τοῦτο πράττοντος καὶ Ἀντωνίου. Τότε δὴ καὶ Ἀντίγονος προπέμψας Ἰουδαίων τοὺς εὔνους κατηγορεῖ Ἡρώδου καὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν σὺν τῷ Ὑρκανῷ. ὁ γὰρ Ἡρώδου πατὴρ Ἀντιπατρος ὑπὸ Μαλίχου φαρμάκῳ προδιεφθάρη· τοὺς κατηγοροῦντας Ἡρώ δου τιμωρησάμενος Ἀντώνιος τὴν ἀρχὴν Ὑρκανῷ καὶ Ἡρώδῃ τέως ἐβεβαίωσεν, εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν ὤν. ἔπειτα πλειόνων κατ' αὐτῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐπιβοώντων ἀνεῖλεν αὐτῶν τοὺς προὔχοντας. Τότε καὶ Κασσίῳ μετὰ τὴν Καίσαρος ἀναίρεσιν ὀκτακόσια τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἀφελομένῳ τάλαντα σπουδαῖος ὤφθη θεραπευτής, ἡνίκα καὶ Μάλιχον τῷ Κασσίου βουλήματι φονεύσας τὸν Ἀντιπάτρου θάνατον Ἡρώδης ἐξεδίκησετοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ. διωχθεὶς δὲ πάλιν τῆς ἀρχῆς σὺν τῷ Ὑρκανῷ προσφεύ γει Ἀντωνίῳ, καὶ μὴ δεχθεὶς παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων καρτερῶς μάχεται, αὐτὸν δὲ ἐκδιώκει Ἀντίγονον. ὁ δὲ Ἀντίγονος ἀπογνοὺς τῆς Ῥωμαίων βοηθείας Ἡρώδῃ προσφεύγει Περσῶν βασιλεῖ μαχομένῳ Ῥωμαίοις, καὶ κατ 368 άγεται διὰ Πακόρου παιδὸς Ἡρώδου εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν, ὑποσχόμενος χρυσοῦ χίλια τάλαντα Πέρσαις· Ὑρκανόν τε ζῶντα παραλαμβάνει, τοῖς ὀδοῦσιν ἐκκόψας αὐτοῦ τὰ ὦτα, ὡς μηκέτι ἱερατεύειν, καὶ τοῦτον προὔδωκεν αὖθις Πέρσαις ἄγειν μεθ' ἑαυτῶν. Ἡρώδης δὲ φυγὰς ἧκε πρὸς Μάλιχον Ἀράβων βασιλέα. τότε καὶ Φασάιλος ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἀναιρεῖται. Χρονογραφία ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου ευνηʹ ∆εύτερος Ῥωμαίων μόναρχος Καῖσαρ Σεβαστὸς Ὀκταούιος, ὁ καὶ Αὔγουστος ἐπικληθείς, ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη νςʹ. Τῷ ευξʹ ἔτει τοῦ κόσμου δεύτερον ἐχρημάτισεν Αὐγούστου Καίσαρος πλῆρες καὶ ἀρχὴ τοῦ τρίτου, ἐν ᾧ καὶ ἡ ἴνδικτος ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ἤτοι ἐπινέμησις ἐθεσπίσθη, ὡς μαρτυρεῖ ὁ μακάριος Μάξιμος ἐν τῷ περὶ τοῦ πάσχα λόγῳ. Ἰουδαίοις πρεσβευσαμένοις ἤγουν Ὑρκανῷ καὶ Ἡρώδῃ δόγμα συγκλήτου καὶ Ἀθηναίων ψήφισμα περὶ φιλίας ἐξεπέμφθη. Κικέρων ὁ ῥήτωρ καὶ συγκλητικὸς ἐν Γαΐταις ἀνῃρέθη τῆς Ἰταλίας, ὡς δὲ ἄλλοι φασίν, ὅτι φαρμάκῳ διέφθειρεν ἑαυτόν. Ἡ τῶν ἐν Περγάμῳ βασιλευσάντων ἐπαύσατο ζʹ βασιλέων ἀρχή, διαρ κέσασα ἔτη ρνδʹ ἀπὸ τοῦ ετιγʹ κοσμικοῦ ἔτους ἕως τοῦ ευξζʹ, ὡς ἑξῆς δηλωθήσεται. Ἀπὸ Γαΐου