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they leaped away. But I have the testimony which is greater than John's. For if you were willing to accept faith according to the sequence of events, I would have rather led you by my works. But since you are not willing, I lead you to John, not as needing his testimony, but because I do all things for this reason, that you may be saved. For I have a testimony greater than John's, that from my works. But I do not only aim at this, that I might become readily acceptable to you by trustworthy means, but also by means familiar to you and admired by you. Thus having rebuked them by saying, “You were willing for a season to rejoice in his light,” and having shown that their zeal was temporary and unsteady, by calling him a lamp, he indicated that he did not have the light from himself, but from the grace of the Spirit. But the point in contrast to him, he did not yet set forth this, that he is the sun of righteousness, but for the time being only hinting at it, he rebuked them severely, and shows that from the same mindset from which they despised that man, they were unable to believe in Christ. For they admired the one admired among them for a season only; for if they had not done this, he would have quickly led them by the hand to Jesus. Having shown, therefore, that they were from every side unworthy of pardon, he added, saying; But I have the testimony which is greater than John's. What testimony is this? That from the works. For the works, he says, which the Father has given me to finish, the works themselves testify of me, that the Father has sent me. Here he reminded them of the paralytic who was straightened, and of many others; the words, someone among them might perhaps have said, were a boast and 59.232 for the sake of John's friendship; and yet it was not possible for them to say this about John, a man who knew how to live as a philosopher with exactness, and was so admired among them; but the deeds could no longer hold this suspicion even among the very mad. For this reason he brought forward this second testimony, saying; The works which the Father has given me to finish, the works themselves which I do, testify of me, that the Father has sent me. Here he also stands against the accusation of breaking the sabbath. For since they were saying; How can he be from God, because he does not keep the sabbath? for this reason he said, Which the Father has given me. And yet he did it with authority; but showing with great abundance that he does nothing contrary to the Father, for this reason he also set forth what is much less. 3. And why, he says, did he not say, The works which the Father has given me testify that I am equal to the Father? For both could be learned from the works, both that he does nothing contrary, and that he is equal to the one who begot him. Which elsewhere establishing he said; If you do not believe me, believe my works, that you may know and believe that I am in the Father, and the Father in me. Both therefore testified of him, both that he was equal to the Father, and that he did nothing contrary to him. For what reason then did he not speak thus, but leaving the greater, set forth this? Because this was the first thing being urged. For although it is much less to be believed that he came from God than to be believed that he is God equal to him; for the former even prophets said, but the latter no more; nevertheless he himself puts much effort toward the lesser, knowing that when this is accepted, the other would then become readily acceptable. And having mentioned nothing of the greater testimony, he puts forth its lesser work, so that through this they might also receive that one. Having established this, he again adds; The Father who sent me, he himself has testified of me. And where has he testified of him? At the Jordan, saying, This is my beloved Son; hear him. But this too needed proof. The testimony of John, then, was clear; for they themselves had sent, and could not deny it. And that from the signs likewise. For they saw them happening, and heard from the one who was healed, and believed, which is why they also brought charges. It remained, therefore, to prove that concerning the testimony of the Father. Then

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ἀπεπήδησαν. Ἐγὼ δὲ ἔχω τὴν μαρτυρίαν μείζονα τοῦ Ἰωάννου. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐβούλεσθε κατὰ τὴν ἀκολουθίαν τῶν πραγμάτων παραδέχεσθαι τὴν πίστιν, ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς ἂν ἐπηγαγόμην. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ βούλεσθε, ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην ὑμᾶς ἄγω, οὐχ ὡς τῆς ἐκείνου δεόμενος μαρτυρίας, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ποιῶ, ὥστε ὑμᾶς σωθῆναι. Ἔχω μὲν γὰρ μαρτυρίαν Ἰωάννου μείζονα, τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων. Ἀλλ' οὐ τοῦτο σκοπῶ μόνον, ὅπως ἀπὸ τῶν ἀξιοπίστων εὐπαράδεκτος ὑμῖν γενοίμην, ἀλλ' ὅπως καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑμῖν γνωρίμων, καὶ παρ' ὑμῶν θαυμαζομένων. Οὕτω καθαψάμενος αὐτῶν τῷ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Πρὸς ὥραν ἠθελήσατε ἀγαλλιασθῆναι ἐν τῷ φωτὶ αὐτοῦ, ἔτι τε πρόσκαιρον ἐκείνην δείξας τὴν σπουδὴν καὶ ἀβέβαιον, τῷ λύχνον αὐτὸν καλέσαι, ἐνέφηνεν ὅτι οὐκ οἴκοθεν εἶχε τὸ φῶς, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος χάριτος. Τὸ δὲ πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν αὐτοῦ, τοῦτο οὐκ ἔτι τέθεικεν, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ ἥλιος τῆς δικαιοσύνης, ἀλλὰ τέως αἰνιξάμενος μόνον, καθήψατο σφόδρα αὐτῶν, καὶ δείκνυσιν, ὅτι ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης, ἀφ' ἧς ἐκείνου κατεφρόνησαν, οὐδὲ τῷ Χριστῷ πιστεῦσαι ἠδυνήθησαν. Καὶ γὰρ τὸν θαυμαζόμενον παρ' αὐτοῖς πρὸς ὥραν ἐθαύμασαν μόνον· ὡς εἰ μὴ τοῦτο ἐποίησαν, ταχέως ἂν αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐχειραγώγησε. ∆είξας τοίνυν αὐτοὺς πάντοθεν ἀναξίους ὄντας συγγνώμης, ἐπήγαγε λέγων· Ἐγὼ δὲ ἔχω τὴν μαρτυρίαν μείζονα τοῦ Ἰωάννου. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων. Τὰ γὰρ ἔργα, φησὶν, ἃ ἔδωκέ μοι ὁ Πατὴρ, ἵνα τελειώσω αὐτὰ, αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα περὶ ἐμοῦ μαρτυρεῖ, ὅτι ὁ Πατήρ με ἀπέστειλεν. Ἐνταῦθα τοῦ παραλυθέντος καὶ ὀρθωθέντος ἀνέμνησε, καὶ ἑτέρων πλειόνων· τὰ μὲν ῥήματα, εἶπεν ἴσως ἄν τις αὐτῶν, κόμπον εἶναι καὶ 59.232 φιλίας τῆς Ἰωάννου χάριν· καίτοι οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐνῆν αὐτοῖς εἰπεῖν περὶ Ἰωάννου, ἀνδρὸς μετὰ ἀκριβείας φιλοσοφεῖν εἰδότος, καὶ οὕτω παρ' αὐτοῖς θαυμασθέντος· τὰ δὲ πράγματα οὐκ ἔτι οὐδὲ παρὰ τοῖς μαινομένοις σφόδρα ταύτην ἠδύνατο τὴν ὑπόνοιαν ἔχειν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο δευτέραν ταύτην ἐπήγαγε μαρτυρίαν, εἰπών· Τὰ ἔργα ἃ ἔδωκέ μοι ὁ Πατὴρ ἵνα τελειώσω αὐτὰ, αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα, ἃ ἐγὼ ποιῶ, μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι ἀπέστειλέ με ὁ Πατήρ. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ πρὸς τὴν κατηγορίαν τῆς τοῦ σαββάτου λύσεως ἵσταται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔλεγον ἐκεῖνοι· Πῶς δύναται εἶναι ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅτι τὸ σάββατον οὐ τηρεῖ; διὰ τοῦτο εἶπε, Ἃ ἔδωκέ μοι ὁ Πατήρ. Καίτοι γε αὐθεντίᾳ ἐποίει· ἀλλὰ δεικνὺς μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς περιουσίας, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐναντίον τῷ Πατρὶ πράττει, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸ πολλῷ ἔλαττον τέθεικε. γʹ. Καὶ διατί, φησὶν, οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι Τὰ ἔργα, ἃ ἔδωκέ μοι ὁ Πατὴρ, μαρτυρεῖ ὅτι ἴσος εἰμὶ τοῦ Πατρός; Ἀμφότερα γὰρ ἦν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων μαθεῖν, καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐναντίον ποιεῖ, καὶ ὅτι ἴσος ἐστὶ τοῦ γεγεννηκότος. Ὅπερ ἀλλαχοῦ κατασκευάζων ἔλεγεν· Εἰ ἐμοὶ οὐ πιστεύετε, τοῖς ἔργοις μου πιστεύετε, ἵνα γνῶτε καὶ πιστεύσητε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί. Ἀμφότερα οὖν αὐτῷ ἐμαρτύρει, καὶ ὅτι ἴσος ἦν τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐναντίον ἔπραττεν ἐκείνῳ. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν οὐχ οὕτως εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ μεῖζον ἀφεὶς, τοῦτο τέθεικεν; Ὅτι τὸ σπουδαζόμενον τοῦτο πρῶτον ἦν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ πολλῷ ἔλαττον τὸ πιστευθῆναι ὅτι παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἦλθε, τοῦ πιστευθῆναι ὅτι Θεός ἐστιν ἴσος αὐτῷ· ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ καὶ προφῆται εἶπον, τοῦτο δὲ οὐκέτι· ὅμως αὐτὸς ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἐλάττονος πολλὴν τίθεται σπουδὴν, εἰδὼς ὅτι τούτου δεχθέντος καὶ ἐκεῖνο γένοιτ' ἂν λοιπὸν εὐπαράδεκτον. Καὶ τῆς μείζονος οὐδὲν μνημονεύσας μαρτυρίας, τὸ ἔλαττον αὐτῆς ἔργον τίθησι, ἵνα διὰ τούτου κἀκείνην δέξωνται. Τοῦτο κατασκευάσας πάλιν ἐπάγει· Ὁ πέμψας με Πατὴρ, αὐτὸς μεμαρτύρηκε περὶ ἐμοῦ. Καὶ ποῦ μεμαρτύρηκε περὶ αὐτοῦ; Ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ, Οὗτός ἐστι, λέγων, ὁ Υἱός μου ἀγαπητός· αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο κατασκευῆς ἐδεῖτο. Τὸ μὲν οὖν Ἰωάννου δῆλον ἦν· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀπέστειλαν, καὶ ἀρνήσασθαι οὐκ εἶχον. Καὶ τὸ ἐκ τῶν σημείων δὲ ὁμοίως. Εἶδον γὰρ γινόμενα, καὶ παρὰ τοῦ θεραπευθέντος ἤκουσαν, καὶ ἐπίστευσαν, ὅθεν καὶ ἐνεκάλουν. Ἐλείπετο δὲ λοιπὸν τὸ περὶ τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς μαρτυρίας ἀποδεῖξαι. Εἶτα