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From Julius Caesar, the later Roman emperors were named Caesars, and from Augustus, Augusti. Under him, Roman affairs flourished. Augustus, having captured Elpidius who was allied with Antony, killed him while still alive in Rome. 369 From this point the Antiochenes number their own years. Augustus, having defeated Antony and Elpidius, accepts them into friendship when the senate sent an embassy. Augustus was allotted Europe, Elpidius Libya, and Antony greater Asia. This man, having gone to Cilicia and summoned Cleopatra, is captured by love for her. And having campaigned against the Persians and been defeated, he returns to make war on Augustus, against whom he fought a naval battle, and having been defeated, he killed himself. Augustus celebrated a triumph on foot. The rule of the six kings of the Epirotes had ceased, having lasted 7 years. Reckoning the 34 years that Hyrcanus ruled the Jews, we point out to those who are ignorant that three of these should be counted for Antigonus. For in the 31st year of Hyrcanus, having been brought back by the Parthians to the rule of the Jews, he takes control of it, having captured Hyrcanus alive and cut off his ears with his teeth, so that he might no longer be a priest, and hands him over to the Parthians to be led to Persia. And he kills Phasael, the brother of Herod, and puts him to flight, when many of his Parthians overran Judea with his mother and relatives. While Herod was fleeing and often turning these back in war, and being slaughtered, he often fled for refuge with confidence to Malichus, king of the Arabs, whom he had previously benefited, but not being received for fear of the Parthians, he goes to Alexandria to Cleopatra. Having been welcomed by her, then, and offered the care of the rule under her, he put it off because of the journey to Antony in Rome and Augustus, as Josephus says, but as Africanus says, he went with her to Antony, and that one sent him to Augustus Octavius in Rome. And he, because Antigonus had taken control of the rule with the help of the Parthians, who were enemies 370 of the Romans, and because both his father Antipater and Herod himself had been allies of the Romans, writes to the generals in Syria to bring Herod back to the kingdom of the Jews, with Sosius having been entrusted by Caesar with the war against Antigonus, who ruled for three years. From Josephus' 14th book of the Antiquities concerning the obscurity of Herod

YEAR OF THE WORLD 5469 This calamity befell the city of Jerusalem

when Marcus Agrippa and Candidus Gallus were consuls in Rome, in the 185th Olympiad, in the third month, on the festival of the fast, as a recurrence of the disaster that happened to the Jews under Pompey. For they were captured by him on the same day after 27 years. And Sosius, having dedicated a golden crown to God, departed from Jerusalem, leading Antigonus as a prisoner to Antony. But Herod, fearing lest Antigonus, having been guarded by Antony's son and brought to Rome by him, should plead his case, and showing to the senate that he was of royal line, while Herod was a commoner, or that it was fitting for his children to rule, or that he himself had sinned against the Romans—fearing these things, he persuades Antony with much money to do away with Antigonus. When this was done, Herod was freed from fear, and thus the rule of the Asamonean ceased after 126 years. This was a brilliant and renowned house, both because of its lineage and the priestly honor, on account of what their ancestors accomplished on behalf of the nation. But these, because of their strife with one another, lost the rule, and it passed to Herod, the son of Antipater, who was of a common house and private lineage, and subject to the kings. And this is the end of the Asamonean line that we have received. 371 From Africanus, concerning the things that happened to Hyrcanus and Antigonus and concerning Herod, Augustus, Antony, and Cleopatra in summary

168

Ἰουλίου Καίσαρος οἱ μετέπειτα Ῥωμαίων βασιλεῖς Καίσαρες ὠνομάσθησαν, ἀπὸ δὲ Αὐγούστου Αὔγουστοι. ἐπὶ τούτου τὰ Ῥωμαϊκὰ ἤκμασεν. Ἐλπίδιον Ἀντωνίῳ συμμαχοῦντα λαβὼν Αὔγουστος ζῶντα ἀνεῖλεν ἐν Ῥώμῃ. 369 Οἱ Ἀντιοχεῖς ἔνθεν ἀριθμοῦσι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν χρόνους. Ἀντώνιον καὶ Ἐλπίδιον νικήσας Αὔγουστος εἰς φιλίαν προσδέχεται πρε σβευσαμένης τῆς συγκλήτου. Αὔγουστος τὴν Εὐρώπην ἐκληρώσατο, Ἐλπίδιος τὴν Λιβύην καὶ Ἀντώνιος τὴν μεγάλην Ἀσίαν. Οὗτος ἐλθὼν ἐν Κιλικίᾳ καὶ Κλεοπάτραν μεταστειλάμενος ἁλίσκεται τῷ ταύτης ἔρωτι. κατὰ Περσῶν δὲ στρατεύσας καὶ ἡττηθεὶς ἐπανέρχεται πολεμήσων Αὐγούστῳ, πρὸς ὃν ναυμαχήσας καὶ ἡττηθεὶς ἑαυτὸν διεχει ρίσατο. Αὔγουστος πεζὸν ἐθριάμβευσε θρίαμβον. Ἡ τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν ἓξ βασιλέων ἀρχὴ ἐπαύσωτο, διαρκέσασα ἔτη ζʹ. Ἔτη λδʹ τὸν Ὑρκανὸν στοιχειοῦντες κρατήσαντα Ἰουδαίων ἐπισημαινόμεθα τοῖς ἀγνοοῦσι τὰ τρία τούτων Ἀντιγόνου λογίζεσθαι. Τῷ γὰρ λαʹ ἔτει Ὑρκανοῦ καταχθεὶς ὑπὸ Πάρθων εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, κρατεῖ μὲν αὐτῆς ζῶντα τὸν Ὑρκανὸν χειρωσάμενος καὶ τοῖς ὀδοῦσιν ἀποτεμὼν αὐτοῦ τὰ ὦτα, ὡς ἂν μὴ τὸ λοιπὸν ἱερατεύοι, καὶ Πάρ θοις ἐκδίδωσιν ἄγειν εἰς τὴν Περσικήν. ἀναιρεῖ δὲ Φασάιλον ἀδελφὸν Ἡρώδου καὶ φυγαδεύει τοῦτο, πολλὰ καταδραμόντων αὐτοῦ Πάρθων ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν μετὰ μητρὸς καὶ τῆς συγγενείας. φεύγοντος Ἡρώδου καὶ τούτους πολλάκις πολέμῳ τρεπομένου, καὶ κατασφαττόμενος, ὃς πολλάκις πρὸς Μάλιχον Ἀράβων βασιλέα θαρρῶν καταφεύγει, ἤδη προευεργετη μένον, οὐ προσδεχθεὶς δὲ φόβῳ τῶν Πάρθων εἰς Ἀλεξάνδρειαν ἔρχεται πρὸς Κλεοπάτραν. δεξιωθεὶς οὖν παρ' αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν τῆς ὑπ' αὐτὴν ἔχειν ἀρχῆς ἀνεβάλλετο διὰ τὴν πρὸς Ἀντώνιον ἐπὶ Ῥώμην καὶ Αὔγουστον πορείαν, ὡς Ἰώσηππος, ὡς δὲ Ἀφρικανός, σὺν αὐτῇ πρὸςἈντώνιον ἦλθε, κἀκεῖνος παρὰ τὸν Σεβαστὸν Ὀκταούιον εἰς Ῥώμηναὐτὸν ἔστειλεν. ὁ δὲ διὰ τὸ τὸν Ἀντίγονον ὑπὸ Πάρθων ἐχθρῶν ὄντων 370 Ῥωμαίοις κρατῆσαι τῆς ἀρχῆς, διά τε τὸν αὐτοῦ πατέρα Ἀντίπατρον συμμαχήσαντα Ῥωμαίοις καὶ αὐτὸν Ἡρώδην, γράφει τοῖς κατὰ Συρίαν στρατηγοῖς κατάγειν Ἡρώδην ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν Ἰουδαίων, Σωσίου τὸν πρὸς Ἀντίγονον πόλεμον ἐπιτραπέντος ὑπὸ τοῦ Καίσαρος, ὃς ἔτεσι τρι σὶν ἐπεκράτησεν. Ἰωσήππου ἐκ τοῦ ιδʹ λόγου τῆς ἀρχαιολογίας περὶ τῆς Ἡρώδου ἀσημότητος

ΚΟΣΜΟΥ ΕΤΗ ΕΥΞΘ Τοῦτο τὸ πάθος συνέβη τῇ Ἱεροσολυμιτῶν πόλει

ὑπατεύοντος ἐν Ῥώμῃ Μάρκου Ἀγρίππα καὶ Κανδίδου Γάλλου ἐπὶ τῆς ρπεʹ ὀλυμπιάδος τῷ τρίτῳ μηνὶ τῇ ἑορτῇ τῆς νηστείας, ὡς ἐκ περιτροπῆς τῆς γενομένης ἐπὶ Πομπηίου τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις συμφορᾶς. καὶ γὰρ ὑπ' ἐκείνου τῇ αὐτῇ ἑάλωσαν ἡμέρᾳ μετὰ ἔτη κζʹ. Σώσιος δὲ χρυσοῦν ἀναθέμενος τῷ θεῷ στέφανον ἀνέζευξεν ἀπὸ Ἱερο σολύμων Ἀντίγονον ἄγων δεσμώτην Ἀντωνίῳ. δείσας δ' Ἡρώδης μὴ φυλαχθεὶς Ἀντίγονος ὑπὸ Ἀντωνίου τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ κομισθεὶς εἰς Ῥώμηνὑπ' αὐτοῦ δικαιολογήσηται, καὶ πρὸς τὴν σύγκλητον ἐπιδεικνὺς αὐτὸν μὲν ἐκ βασιλέων, Ἡρώδην δὲ ἰδιώτην, ἢ ὅτι προσῆκεν αὐτοῦ βασιλεύειν τοὺς παῖδας, ἢ καὶ αὐτὸς εἰς Ῥωμαίους ἐξήμαρτε, ταῦτα φοβούμενος πολλοῖς χρήμασι πείθει τὸν Ἀντώνιον ἀνελεῖν τὸν Ἀντίγονον. οὗ γενομένου τοῦ δέους μὲν Ἡρώδης ἀπαλλάσσεται, παύεται δὲ οὕτως ἡ τοῦ Ἀσαμοναίου ἀρχὴ μετὰ ἔτη ρκςʹ. Οἶκος λαμπρὸς οὗτος ἦν καὶ διάσημος γένους τε ἕνεκα καὶ τῆς ἱερατι κῆς τιμῆς, ὧν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἔθνους οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ διεπράξαντο. ἀλλ' οὗτοι μὲν διὰ τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους στάσιν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀπέβαλον, μετέβη δὲ εἰς Ἡρώδην τὸν Ἀντιπάτρου οἰκίας ὄντα δημοτικῆς καὶ γένους ἰδιωτικοῦ καὶ ὑπακούοντος τοῖς βασιλεῦσι. καὶ τοῦτο μὲν τὸ τέλος τῆς Ἀσαμοναίων γενεᾶς παρειλήφαμεν. 371 Ἀφρικανοῦ περὶ τῶν Ὑρκανῷ καὶ Ἀντιγόνῳ συμβάντων καὶ περὶ Ἡρωδου τοῦ τε Σεβαστοῦ καὶ Ἀντωνίου καὶ Κλεοπάτρας ἐν ἐπιτόμῳ