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has been dealt with in the heresies. For how will the soul rise again that has not fallen? And how will it be called a resurrection of it, of the soul that has not fallen? For everything that falls needs resurrection; but it is not the soul that falls, but the body. Whence also custom has rightly been accustomed to call it a "corpse," and the Lord Himself said that "where the corpse is, there will the eagles be gathered together." For indeed in the tombs we do not shut up souls, but we lay bodies down, burying them in the earth, whose resurrection the preaching holds out in hope, just as the grain of wheat; as also the holy apostle brought the testimony concerning the grain of wheat and the other seeds, and the Lord Himself in the gospel, that "unless the grain of wheat, having fallen, dies, it remains alone." But the holy apostle says, "Foolish one"—for he calls the unbeliever foolish who doubts at all and says, "How does the resurrection happen? With what 2.101 body do they come?" And immediately to such people he says, "Foolish one, what you sow is not made alive, unless it dies." And Scripture has shown in every way that the resurrection is of the fallen grain, that is, of the body that is buried, and not of the soul. But how will the soul come alone? And how will she reign alone who together with the body has worked what is just or what is base? For the judgment will be contrary and not just. 6. But how will the argument of the three principles, according to Marcion himself, be established? And how will the good one be found, he who accomplishes a work of salvation or of other things in the regions of the base one? For if the world does not belong to him, but he sent his only-begotten into the world to take from the alien world things that he himself neither sowed nor made, he will be found either desiring what belongs to others or enduring poverty and not having his own things, giving himself over to what belongs to others, so that he might procure for himself what he did not previously have. And how will the creator become judge between both? Then whom does he have to judge? For if he presides as judge of the vessels from above, he is stronger than the one above, since he brings into the midst of his own courts the things belonging to the one above, as it seemed to Marcion. And if he is a judge at all, he is just. But we will show from the name "just" that the good and the just are the same. For everything that is just, this is also good. For from being good, the good one graciously grants justly with truth to the one who has done good things, and will no longer be opposed to the good with respect to the good, providing what is good to the good according to justice, and to the base one the penalty of punishment. Nor again would he be good who at the end gives the good reward to the evil one who does not repent, even if in the present he makes his sun rise on the good and the evil and provides his rain on account of the present free will for both evil and good men. For the nature will no longer be good and just of one who provides a reward of salvation in the age to come to the evil one, and does not rather hate what is evil and base. But the third, 2.102 the evil one, found according to him, if he has the authority to work evil things and to prevail over those in the world, or over the good from above, or over the just one in the middle, this one will be found stronger than the two gods spoken of by Marcion, since he has authority to seize what belongs to others; and so the two will be condemned as powerless compared to the one evil one, being unable to resist and rescue their own things from the one who seizes and changes them to evil. 7. But let us consider it again in another way, so that we may expose the mockery of the charlatan of foolishness. For if the evil one is altogether evil, and he seizes the good from the good one and the just from the just one, and does not seize only his own, the evil one will be found no longer evil, desiring good things and claiming them as better. But if he also judges his own and demands punishment for those who have done wrong, no longer

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αἱρέσεσι πεπραγμάτευται. πῶς γὰρ ἀναστήσεται ἡ μὴ πεπτωκυῖα ψυχή; ἀνάστασις δὲ πῶς αὐτῆς κληθήσεται, τῆς μὴ πεσούσης ψυχῆς; πᾶν γὰρ τὸ πῖπτον ἀναστάσεως δεῖται· πίπτει δὲ οὐχὶ ψυχή, ἀλλὰ σῶμα. ὅθεν καὶ δικαίως πτῶμα αὐτὸ ἡ συνήθεια εἴωθεν καλεῖν καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ κύριος εἰπὼν ὅτι «ὅπου τὸ πτῶμα, ἐκεῖ συναχθήσονται οἱ ἀετοί». καὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς μνήμασιν οὐ κατακλείομεν ψυχάς, ἀλλὰ σώματα κατατιθέαμεν ἐν γῇ καταχώσαντες, ὧν ἡ ἀνάστασις εἰς ἐλπίδα ἔχει τὸ κήρυγμα, καθάπερ ὁ τοῦ σίτου κόκκος· ὡς καὶ ὁ ἅγιος ἀπόστολος τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἤνεγκεν περὶ τοῦ κόκκου τοῦ σίτου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων σπερμάτων καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ κύριος ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ ὅτι «ἐὰν μὴ πεσὼν ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου ἀποθάνῃ, μόνος μένει». ὁ δὲ ἅγιος ἀπόστολός φησιν «ἄφρων» ἄφρονα γὰρ καλεῖ τὸν ἄπιστον τὸν ὅλως ἀμφιβάλλοντα καὶ λέγοντα «πῶς ἡ ἀνάστασις γίνεται; ποίῳ 2.101 δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται;» καὶ εὐθὺς πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους φησίν «ἄφρων, σὺ ὃ σπείρεις οὐ ζωογονεῖται, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποθάνῃ». καὶ ἔδειξεν ἐξ ἅπαντος ἡ γραφὴ τοῦ πεπτωκότος κόκκου τουτέστιν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ θαπτομένου καὶ οὐ ψυχῆς τὴν ἀνάστασιν γίνεσθαι. πῶς δὲ ψυχὴ ἐλεύσεται μόνη; πῶς δὲ βασιλεύσει μόνη ἡ ὁμοῦ σὺν σώματι ἐργασαμένη τὸ δίκαιον ἢ τὸ φαῦλον; ἔσται γὰρ ἐναντία καὶ οὐ δικαία ἡ κρίσις. 6. Πῶς δὲ συσταθήσεται ὁ παρ' αὐτῷ τῷ Μαρκίωνι τριῶν ἀρχῶν λόγος; πῶς δὲ ὁ ἀγαθὸς εὑρεθήσεται ὁ ἐν τοῖς τοῦ φαύλου μέρεσιν ἔργον ἐπιτελῶν ἢ σωτηρίας ἢ τῶν ἄλλων; εἰ γὰρ οὐκ αὐτοῦ τυγχάνει ὁ κόσμος, ἀπέστειλεν δὲ αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ εἰς τὸν κόσμον λαβεῖν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ ἀλλοτρίου ἃ μὴ αὐτὸς ἔσπειρεν μηδὲ ἐποίησεν, εὑρεθήσεται ἢ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἐφιέμενος ἢ πενίαν ὑφιστάμενος καὶ ἴδια μὴ ἔχων, ἐπὶ τὰ ἀλλότρια ἑαυτὸν ἐπιδιδούς, ὅπως ἑαυτῷ προσπορίσηται ἃ μὴ πρότερον ἔχει. πῶς δὲ κριτὴς ἀνὰ μέσον ἀμφοτέρων γενήσεται ὁ δημιουργός; εἶτα τίνας ἔχει κρῖναι; εἰ γὰρ τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄνω σκευῶν δικαστὴς προκαθέζεται, ἰσχύει ὑπὲρ τὸν ἄνω, ἐπειδὴ φέρει εἰς μέσον τῶν αὐτοῦ κριτηρίων τὰ τοῦ ἄνω ὑπάρχοντα, ὡς τῷ Μαρκίωνι ἔδοξε. καὶ εἰ ὅλως κριτὴς τυγχάνει, δίκαιός ἐστι. δείξομεν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαίου ὀνόματος ὅτι ταὐτόν ἐστι τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸ δίκαιον. πᾶν γὰρ ὃ δίκαιόν ἐστι, τοῦτο καὶ ἀγαθόν. ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ ἀγαθὸν εἶναι τὸ ἀγαθὸν χαρίζεται δικαίως μετὰ ἀληθείας τῷ ἀγαθὰ δράσαντι καὶ οὐκέτι ἔσται πρὸς τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐναντίος τῷ ἀγαθῷ, κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὸ ἀγαθὸν τῷ ἀγαθῷ παρέχων καὶ τῷ φαύλῳ τὴν ἐπιτιμίαν τῆς τιμωρίας. οὐδὲ πάλιν ἀγαθὸς ἂν εἴη ὁ τῷ πονηρῷ τὸν ἀγαθὸν μισθὸν ἐπὶ τῷ τέλει ἀποδιδοὺς μὴ μετανοοῦντι, εἰ καὶ ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀνατέλλοι αὐτοῦ τὸν ἥλιον ἐπὶ ἀγαθοὺς καὶ φαύλους καὶ τὸν ὑετὸν αὐτοῦ παρέχοι διὰ τὸ νῦν αὐτεξούσιον τοῖς τε πονηροῖς καὶ ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις. ἀγαθὴ γὰρ οὐκέτι ἔσται φύσις καὶ δικαία τοῦ τῷ πονηρῷ μισθὸν ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι αἰῶνι σωτηρίας παρέχοντος καὶ οὐ μᾶλλον μισοῦντος τὸ πονηρὸν καὶ φαῦλον. ὁ δὲ τρίτος 2.102 εὑρισκόμενος παρ' αὐτῷ πονηρός, εἰ ἔχει τὴν ἐξουσίαν τὰ πονηρὰ ἐργάζεσθαι καὶ κατισχύειν τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἢ τῶν ἄνωθεν ἀγαθῶν ἢ τοῦ μέσου δικαίου, εὑρεθήσεται ἰσχυρότερος οὗτος τῶν δύο θεῶν τῶν παρὰ Μαρκίωνι λεγομένων, ἐπειδὴ ἐξουσιάζει ἁρπάζειν τὰ ἀλλότρια· καὶ ἀδρανεῖς λοιπὸν καταψηφισθήσονται οἱ δύο παρὰ τὸν ἕνα πονηρόν, οἱ μὴ δυνάμενοι ἀντέχειν καὶ ῥύεσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁρπάζοντος τὰ αὐτῶν ὄντα καὶ εἰς πονηρίαν μεταβάλλοντος. 7. ἄλλως δὲ πάλιν νοήσωμεν, ἵνα τὴν χλεύην τοῦ ἀγύρτου φωράσωμεν τῆς ματαιοφροσύνης. εἰ γὰρ ὅλως ὁ πονηρὸς πονηρὸς ὑπάρχει, ἁρπάζει δὲ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ τοὺς δικαίους ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαίου, ἰδίους δὲ οὐχ ἁρπάζει μόνους, εὑρεθήσεται ὁ πονηρὸς οὐκέτι πονηρός, τῶν ἀγαθῶν ὀρεγόμενος καὶ ἐπιδικαζόμενος ὡς βελτιόνων. εἰ δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους κρίνει τιμωρίαν τε τοὺς ἀδικήσαντας ἀπαιτεῖ, οὐκέτι