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He showed them despising John by the things that had been done to him; thus He shows that those who think they believe Moses are unbelieving, and He always turns back upon their own head all the things which they thought to put forward on their own behalf. For so far am I, He says, from leading you away from the Law, that I even call the lawgiver himself as your accuser. He said, then, that the Scriptures testify; but where they testify, He no longer added, wishing to instill a greater fear in them, and to send them to inquiry, and to place them under the necessity of asking. For if He had said it offhand, even when they were not asking, they would have rejected the testimony; but as it was, if they had paid attention to what was said, they ought to have asked this before all other things and to have learned it from Him. 59.238 For this reason He abounds more in His declarations and in His threats, not only in His proofs, so that He might at least in this way draw them on by the fear of what was said. But they are silent even so. For such is wickedness; whatever one may say or do, it is not roused, but remains, preserving its own venom. 3. Therefore, it is necessary, having cast out all malice from the soul, to never weave any deceit. For to the crooked, God, it says, sends crooked ways. And, The holy spirit of wisdom will flee deceit, and will remove from thoughts that are without understanding. For nothing makes men so foolish as wickedness. For when someone is treacherous, when ungrateful, when unthankful (for these are the forms of wickedness), when he grieves though having been wronged in nothing, when he weaves deceits, how will he not display a sign of the utmost folly? Nothing makes men so prudent as virtue. For it makes them thankful and grateful, philanthropic, gentle, meek, considerate; this is accustomed to bear all other good things. What is more intelligent than one so disposed? For virtue is truly the source and root of prudence, just as all wickedness has its origin from folly. For both the arrogant man and the angry man are caught by their passions from a lack of prudence. For this reason the prophet also said: There is no healing in my flesh. My wounds have become foul and are corrupt because of my foolishness; showing that all sin has its beginning from foolishness; just as the virtuous man who has the fear of God is more intelligent than all. Therefore a certain wise man also says, The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord. If, then, to fear God is to have wisdom, but the wicked man does not have this, he is deprived of true wisdom; and being deprived of true wisdom, he is more foolish than all. And yet many admire wicked men, as being capable of doing wrong and harming, not knowing that above all they ought to pity them, because thinking they are harming others, they thrust the sword against themselves; which is of the utmost folly, for one to strike oneself and not even know this very thing, but to seem to wrong another, while slaughtering oneself. For this reason Paul also, knowing that in striking others we destroy ourselves, said: Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be defrauded? For not being wronged lies in not doing wrong; just as, therefore, not suffering evil lies in not doing evil; even if what is said seems to be a riddle to the many and to those who do not wish to philosophize. Knowing these things, then, let us not pity and weep for those who are wronged or those who are treated insolently, but for those who do these things. For these are the ones who are most wronged, who make war on God for themselves, and open the mouths of countless accusers, and acquire an evil suspicion in the present life, and draw upon themselves a great punishment in the age to come; whereas those who are wronged and bear all things nobly, have God gracious, and all men sympathizing with them, and praising them, and approving them. Such men both in the present life will enjoy much praise, furnishing the greatest example of philosophy, and in the life to come they will partake of eternal good things; of which may it be granted to us all to attain, by the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom be glory to the Father, together with the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen. 59.239 HOMILY

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ἔδειξε καταφρονοῦντας Ἰωάννου διὰ τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν γεγενημένων· οὕτω νομίζοντας πιστεύειν Μωϋσεῖ δείκνυσιν ἀπιστοῦντας, καὶ ἀεὶ εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν περιτρέπει πάντα, ἅπερ ἐνόμιζον ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν προβάλλεσθαι. Τοσοῦτον γὰρ ἀπέχω, φησὶν, ἀπαγαγεῖν ὑμᾶς τοῦ νόμου, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸν καλῶ κατήγορον ὑμῶν τὸν νομοθέτην. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν αἱ Γραφαὶ μαρτυροῦσιν, εἶπε· ποῦ δὲ μαρτυροῦσιν, οὐκέτι προσέθηκε, τὸν φόβον μείζονα αὐτοῖς ἐνθεῖναι βουλόμενος, καὶ εἰς ἔρευναν παραπέμψαι, καὶ εἰς ἀνάγκην καταστῆσαι ἐρωτήσεως. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ εἶπεν ἐκ τοῦ προχείρου, καὶ μηδὲ ἐρωτῶσιν αὐτοῖς, ἀπέβαλον ἂν τὴν μαρτυρίαν· νυνὶ δὲ εἰ προσεῖχον τοῖς λεγομένοις, ἔδει πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων τοῦτο ἐρωτῆσαι καὶ μαθεῖν παρ' αὐτοῦ. 59.238 ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀποφάσεσι, καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀπειλαῖς πλεονάζει μᾶλλον, οὐκ ἐν ταῖς ἀποδείξεσι μόνον, ἵνα κἂν οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἐπαγάγηται τῷ φόβῳ τῶν λεγομένων. Οἱ δὲ καὶ οὕτω σιγῶσι. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ πονηρία· ὅσα ἄν τις λέγῃ καὶ ποιῇ, οὐ διανίσταται, ἀλλὰ μένει τὸν οἰκεῖον ἰὸν διατηροῦσα. γʹ. ∆ιὸ χρὴ πᾶσαν κακίαν ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκβαλόντας, μηδένα πλέκειν μηδέποτε δόλον. Πρὸς γὰρ τοὺς σκολιοὺς σκολιὰς ὁδοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, φησὶν, ἀποστέλλει. Καὶ, Ἅγιον πνεῦμα σοφίας φεύξεται δόλον, καὶ ἀπαναστήσεται ἀπὸ λογισμῶν ἀσυνέτων. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω ποιεῖ μωροὺς, ὡς πονηρία. Ὅταν γὰρ ὕπουλος ᾖ τις, ὅταν ἀγνώμων, ὅταν ἀχάριστος (ταῦτα δὲ τῆς πονηρίας τὰ εἴδη), ὅταν μηδὲν ἠδικημένος λυπῇ, ὅταν πλέκῃ δόλους, πῶς οὐκ ἐσχάτης ἀνοίας ἐξοίσει δεῖγμα; Οὐδὲν οὕτω ποιεῖ φρονίμους, ὡς ἀρετή. Καὶ γὰρ εὐχαρίστους καὶ εὐγνώμονας ἐργάζεται, φιλανθρώπους, ἡμέρους, πράους, ἐπιεικεῖς· τὰ ἄλλα ἅπαντα ἀγαθὰ αὕτη τίκτειν εἴωθε. Τί δὲ τοῦ οὕτω διακειμένου συνετώτερον; Πηγὴ γὰρ ὄντως καὶ ῥίζα φρονήσεώς ἐστιν ἡ ἀρετὴ, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ πᾶσα πονηρία ἐξ ἀνοίας ἔχει τὴν ἀρχήν. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἀλαζὼν καὶ ὁ ὀργίλος ἐξ ἐνδείας φρονήσεως ὑπὸ τῶν παθῶν ἁλίσκεται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ προφήτης ἔλεγε· Οὐκ ἔστιν ἴασις ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου. Προσώζεσαν καὶ ἐσάπησαν οἱ μώλωπές μου ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς ἀφροσύνης μου· δεικνὺς ὅτι πᾶσα ἁμαρτία τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐξ ἀφροσύνης ἔχει· ὥσπερ ὁ ἐνάρετος καὶ φόβον ἔχων Θεοῦ, πάντων ἐστὶ συνετώτερος. ∆ιὸ καὶ σοφός τις λέγει, Ἀρχὴ σοφίας, φόβος Κυρίου. Εἰ τοίνυν τὸ φοβεῖσθαι τὸν Θεὸν, σοφίαν ἐστὶν ἔχειν, ὁ δὲ πονηρὸς τοῦτο οὐκ ἔχει, τῆς ὄντως σοφίας ἐστέρηται· τῆς δὲ σοφίας ἐστερημένος τῆς ὄντως, πάντων ἐστὶν ἀνοητότερος. Καίτοι γε πολλοὶ τοὺς πονηροὺς θαυμάζουσιν, ὡς ἱκανοὺς ὄντας ἀδικεῖν καὶ βλάπτειν, οὐκ εἰδότες ὅτι μάλιστα πάντων αὐτοὺς ταλανίζειν χρὴ, ὅτι νομίζοντες ἑτέρους βλάπτειν, καθ' ἑαυτῶν τὸ ξίφος ὠθοῦσιν· ὅπερ ἀνοίας ἐστὶν ἐσχάτης, ἑαυτὸν πλήττοντα, μηδὲ αὐτὸ τοῦτο εἰδέναι, ἀλλ' ἕτερον δοκεῖν ἀδικεῖν, ἐν τῷ κατασφάττειν ἑαυτόν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ Παῦλος εἰδὼς, ὅτι ἐν τῷ πλήττειν ἑτέρους ἑαυτοὺς ἀναιροῦμεν, ἔλεγε· ∆ιατί μὴ μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθε; διατί μὴ μᾶλλον ἀποστερεῖσθε; Τὸ γὰρ μὴ ἀδικεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ μὴ ἀδικεῖν κεῖται· ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ μὴ πάσχειν κακῶς ἐν τῷ μὴ ποιεῖν κακῶς· κἂν αἴνιγμα εἶναι δοκῇ τὸ λεγόμενον τοῖς πολλοῖς καὶ φιλοσοφεῖν οὐκ ἐθέλουσι. Ταῦτ' οὖν εἰδότες, μὴ τοὺς ἀδικουμένους μηδὲ τοὺς ἐπηρεαζομένους, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ταῦτα ποιοῦντας ταλανίζωμεν καὶ δακρύωμεν. Οὗτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ μάλιστα ἠδικημένοι, οἱ τὸν Θεὸν ἑαυτοῖς ἐκπολεμοῦντες, καὶ μυρίων κατηγόρων ἀνοίγοντες στόματα, καὶ πονηρὰν κτώμενοι κατὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον ὑποψίαν, καὶ μεγάλην τὸν κατὰ τὸν μέλλοντα αἰῶνα ἐπισπώμενοι κόλασιν· ὡς οἵ γε ἀδικούμενοι καὶ πάντα φέροντες γενναίως, τόν τε Θεὸν ἔχουσιν ἵλεων, καὶ πάντας συναλγοῦντας αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐπαινοῦντας, καὶ ἀποδεχομένους. Οἱ τοιοῦτοι καὶ κατὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον πολλῆς ἀπολαύσονται τῆς εὐφημίας, φιλοσοφίας μέγιστον παρεχόμενοι δεῖγμα, καὶ κατὰ τὴν μέλλουσαν ζωὴν τῶν αἰωνίων μεθέξουσιν ἀγαθῶν· ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. 59.239 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ