173

42. After these things Jesus went away to the other side of the Sea of Galilee, to the region of Tiberias; and a large crowd was following him, because they were seeing the signs which he was doing on the sick. Jesus went up on a mountain, and there he sat with his disciples. Now the Passover of the Jews was near.

1. Let us not go to meet terrible men, beloved; but let us learn, when nothing harms our virtue, to give place to their wicked plots. For thus all insolence is stopped. And just as javelins when they fall upon something taut and hard and resistant, are darted back with great force upon those who sent them; but when the violence of the cast has nothing to resist it, it is quickly spent and ceases; so also with insolent men, when we go to meet them, they become more savage; but when we yield and give way, we easily check all their madness. And for this reason Christ, when he heard that the Pharisees heard that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John, came into Galilee, quenching their envy, and calming through his withdrawal the anger which was likely to be born from these words. However, going away again into Galilee, he does not visit the same places; for he did not come to Cana, but to the other side of the sea. For this reason also large crowds followed him, seeing his signs which he performed. What signs? Why does he not specify them? Because this evangelist especially was eager to spend the greater part of the book on the discourses and public speeches. See, then, how in a whole year, or rather how even now at the feast of the Passover he taught us nothing more regarding signs, than that he healed only the paralytic, and the son of the nobleman. For he was not eager to list all of them, since it was not even possible; but a few from many and great ones. And a large crowd followed him, he says, because they saw the signs which he was doing. The following was not of a very steadfast mind. For having enjoyed so much teaching, they were led more by the signs; which was of a duller understanding. For signs, he says, are for unbelievers, not for those who believe. But that crowd in Matthew was not so, but listen how. They were all astonished at his teaching, he says, because he taught them as one having authority. Why then does he now occupy the mountain, and sit there with his disciples? Because of the sign that was about to be. But that the disciples went up alone was an accusation against the multitude for not having followed him. But he does this not for this reason alone, occupying the mountain, but also to teach us always to rest from the noise and the disturbance of the crowd; for solitude is suitable for philosophy. And often he occupies the mountain even alone, and spends the night and prays, teaching us that the one who would especially draw near to God must be freed from all disturbance, and seek a time and place clear of noise. And the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was near. How then does he not go up to the feast, he says, but while all are hastening to Jerusalem, he himself comes into Galilee, and 59.240 not he alone, but also leading his disciples, and from there to Capernaum? Henceforth he was gently dissolving the law, taking occasion from the wickedness of the Jews. And lifting up his eyes, he sees a large crowd. Here he shows that he never simply sat with the disciples, but perhaps discoursing precisely on some matter to them and teaching, and turning them towards himself, from which especially one can learn his care, and his humility and condescension toward them. For they were sitting with him, perhaps looking at one another. Then lifting his eyes he sees the crowd coming toward him. The other evangelists, then, say that the disciples came and asked and besought him not to send them away fasting; but this one introduces Philip as being questioned by Christ. And it seems to me that both are true, but nevertheless not having occurred in the same way

173

ΜΒʹ. Μετὰ ταῦτα ἀπῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς πέραν τῆς θα λάσσης τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἰς τὰ μέρη Τιβεριάδος· καὶ ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ ὄχλος πολὺς, ὅτι ἑώρων τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσθενούντων. Ἀπῆλθε δὲ εἰς ὄρος ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἐκεῖ ἐκά θητο μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ. Ἦν δὲ ἐγγὺς τὸ πάσχα τῶν Ἰουδαίων. αʹ. Τοῖς δεινοῖς ἀνδράσι μὴ ὁμόσε χωρῶμεν, ἀγαπητοί· ἀλλὰ μανθάνωμεν, ὅταν μηδὲν παραβλάπτῃ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἀρετὴν, διδόναι τόπον αὐτῶν ταῖς πονηραῖς ἐπιβουλαῖς. Οὕτω γὰρ παύεται πᾶσα θρασύτης. Καὶ καθάπερ τὰ ἀκόντια ὅταν εἰς ἐντεταμένον ἐμπέσῃ τι καὶ σκληρὸν καὶ ἀντιτυπὲς, μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ῥύμης ἐξακοντίζεται ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποστείλαντας πάλιν· ὅταν δὲ τὸ ῥαγδαῖον τῆς ἀφέσεως μὴ ἔχῃ τὸ ἀντιπίπτον, ἐκλύεται ταχέως καὶ λήγει· οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν θρασυνομένων ἀνθρώπων, ὅταν μὲν αὐτοῖς ὁμόσε χωρῶμεν, ἀγριαίνουσι μᾶλλον· ὅταν δὲ εἴκωμεν καὶ παραχωρῶμεν, χαλῶμεν ῥᾳδίως πᾶσαν αὐτῶν τὴν μανίαν. ∆ιὰ δὲ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐπειδὴ ἤκουσεν, ὅτι ἤκουσαν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ὅτι Ἰησοῦς πλείονας μαθητὰς ποιεῖ καὶ βαπτίζει ἢ Ἰωάννης, ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, τὸν φθόνον αὐτῶν σβεννὺς, καὶ τὸν θυμὸν, ὃν εἰκὸς ἦν ἀπὸ τούτων τεχθῆναι τῶν λόγων, διὰ τῆς ἀναχωρήσεως καταπραΰνων. Πλὴν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν πάλιν ἀπερχόμενος, οὐ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιβαίνει τόποις· οὐ γὰρ εἰς Κανᾶ ἦλθεν, ἀλλὰ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ ὄχλοι πολλοὶ, θεωροῦντες αὐτοῦ τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει. Ποῖα σημεῖα; διατί μὴ αὐτὰ λέγει κατ' εἶδος; Ὅτι τὸ πλέον τοῦ βιβλίου οὗτος μάλιστα ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις καὶ ταῖς δημηγορίαις καταναλῶσαι ἐσπούδασεν. Ὅρα γοῦν πῶς ἐν ἐνιαυτῷ ὁλοκλήρῳ, μᾶλλον δὲ πῶς καὶ νῦν ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ τοῦ πάσχα οὐδὲν πλέον ἡμᾶς ἐδίδαξε σημείων ἕνεκεν, ἢ ὅτι τὸν παράλυτον μόνον ἐθεράπευσε, καὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ βασιλικοῦ. Οὐ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐσπούδαζεν ὥστε ἅπαντα καταλέγειν, ἐπειδὴ μηδὲ δυνατὸν ἦν· ἀλλ' ἐκ πολλῶν καὶ μεγάλων ὀλίγα. Καὶ ἠκολούθει, φησὶν, αὐτῷ ὄχλος πολὺς, ὅτι ἑώρων τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει. Οὐ σφόδρα βεβαίας διανοίας ἡ ἀκολούθησις. Τοσαύτης γὰρ διδασκαλίας ἀπολαύσαντες, ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων ἐνήγοντο μᾶλλον· ὃ παχυτέρας γνώμης ἦν. Τὰ γὰρ σημεῖα, φησὶ, τοῖς ἀπίστοις, οὐ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκεῖνος ὁ δῆμος ὁ παρὰ τῷ Ματθαίῳ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ἄκουε πῶς. Ἐξεπλήσσοντο πάντες ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐδίδασκεν αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐξουσίαν ἔχων. Τί δήποτε δὲ τὸ ὄρος καταλαμβάνει νῦν, καὶ ἐκεῖ κάθηται μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν; ∆ιὰ τὸ μέλλον ἔσεσθαι σημεῖον. Τὸ δὲ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἀναβῆναι μόνους, κατηγορία τοῦ πλήθους ἦν οὐκ ἀκολουθήσαντος αὐτῷ. Οὐ τούτου δὲ ἕνεκεν μόνον τοῦτο ποιεῖ, τὸ ὄρος καταλαμβάνων, ἀλλὰ καὶ παιδεύων ἡμᾶς ἀεὶ διαναπαύεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν θορύβων καὶ τῆς ἐν μέσῳ ταραχῆς· ἐπιτήδειον γὰρ πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν ἐρημία. Πολλάκις δὲ καὶ μόνος αὐτὸς τὸ ὄρος καταλαμβάνει, καὶ διανυκτερεύει καὶ εὔχεται, διδάσκων ἡμᾶς ὅτι τὸν μάλιστα Θεῷ προσιόντα πάσης ἀπηλλάχθαι δεῖ ταραχῆς, καὶ καιρὸν καὶ τόπον θορύβου καθαρὸν ἐπιζητεῖν. Καὶ ἦν ἐγγὺς τὸ Πάσχα, ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἀναβαίνει εἰς τὴν ἑορτὴν, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ πάντων ἐπειγομένων εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα, αὐτὸς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν ἔρχεται, καὶ 59.240 οὐκ αὐτὸς μόνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἄγων, καὶ ἐκεῖθεν εἰς Καπερναούμ; Ἠρέμα λοιπὸν ὑπεξέλυε τὸν νόμον, ἀφορμὴν λαμβάνων ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαϊκῆς πονηρίας. Καὶ ἀναβλέψας τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, ὁρᾷ ὄχλον πολύν. Ἐνταῦθα δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐδέποτε ἁπλῶς ἐκάθητο μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν, ἀλλ' ἴσως ἀκριβολογούμενός τι πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ διδάσκων, καὶ ἐπιστρέφων αὐτοὺς πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, οὗ μάλιστα καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τὴν κηδεμονίαν ἔστι μαθεῖν, καὶ τὸ ταπεινὸν καὶ συγκαταβατικὸν τὸ πρὸς ἐκείνους. Συνεκάθηντο γὰρ αὐτῷ τάχα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁρῶντες. Εἶτα ἀναβλέψας ὁρᾷ τὸν ὄχλον παραγινόμενον πρὸς αὐτόν. Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι εὐαγγελισταὶ τοὺς μαθητάς φασι προσελθόντας ἐρωτᾷν καὶ παρακαλεῖν, ὥστε μὴ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτοὺς νήστεις· οὗτος δὲ εἰσάγει τὸν Φίλιππον ἐρωτηθῆναι παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καί μοι δοκεῖ ἀμφότερα εἶναι ἀληθῆ, οὐκ ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν γενόμενα δὲ ὅμως