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they call it a question, indicating something, but not immediately clear from the words, but having a hidden meaning within, such as Samson's, which he said: Out of the eater came something to eat, and out of the strong came something sweet; and Solomon, He will understand a parable, and an obscure saying. A parable is also called a similitude; He put another parable before them, saying: The kingdom of heaven is like a man sowing good seed. A parable is also called a figure of speech; Son of man, speak this parable to them. The great eagle, the one with great wings; calling the king an eagle. A parable is also called a type, and an image, as Paul also shows, saying: By faith he offered up Isaac, being tested, and he who had received the promises offered up his only-begotten son; from which also he received him in a parable; that is, in a type and in an image. 3. What then does the parable mean to him here? It seems to me to be speaking of the narrative. But if he makes the saying enigmatic and having much difficulty, do not be disturbed even so; for in order to rouse the hearer, he does this, and otherwise, since ease leads many to laziness, for this reason he speaks in a parable. Since Christ also spoke many things in parables, but privately he explained them to his disciples. For the parable distinguishes the worthy and the unworthy; for the worthy seeks to find what is said, but the unworthy passes by; which is what happened then. For the Jews, not even being roused by the difficulty, were drawn to the ques 55.226 tion; thus they absolutely did not pay attention to what was said. But this is sufficient to rouse one to inquiry, when something is obscure. For this reason Christ also did this then, and spoke in parables, provoking and rousing them, who had fallen away and were sleeping, to a desire for hearing; but not even so did they pay attention; but the disciples were attentive, and not knowing, they waited for this very reason especially, that they did not know. For this reason he also explained the parables to them in private. For this reason he also says: I will incline my ear to a parable, I will open my problem on the psaltery. A problem is an obscure and enigmatic saying, for which reason he also says elsewhere: I will utter problems from the foundation of the world. For this reason he dared to call it wisdom, trusting in the divine revelation; for this reason he also says, On the psaltery, indicating the spiritual nature of the teaching, the possession of him from above that had occurred, and he gives the counsel in the form of a song, sweetening the discourse. Do you see what kind of introduction he has constructed? He called the inhabited world, he cast out the inequality in life, he reminded of nature, he suppressed proud thoughts, he promised to say something great and noble, he said to utter nothing from himself, but what he heard from him, he hinted that there was much obscurity in the saying, making them more attentive; he promised to teach us spiritual wisdom, which he constantly practiced. Let us therefore pay attention, and not pass by. For if the saying is wise, and a parable, and a problem, there is need of a roused mind. What then is the counsel, and what is the problem, and what is the parable, and what is the wisdom, which he heard from above? Why should I fear, he says, in an evil day? Another, In the days of the evil one. Another, Of evil. The Syrian, Ra. The iniquity of my heel will surround me. Another, Of my footsteps. But the Hebrew, Aon akoubbaei isoubbounei. Do you see how it is a problem, and a riddle, and the saying is obscure, and the obscurity is great? But, if you please, let us first learn what evil day he speaks of. What day, then, is Scripture accustomed to call an evil day? The day of calamities, of punishments, of circumstances. Which he also says elsewhere: Blessed is he that considers the poor and needy; in an evil day the Lord will deliver him. Such is the one to come for sinners, that fearful one, and

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λέγουσι ζήτημα, ἐμφαῖνον μέν τι, οὐκ αὐτόθεν δὲ δῆλον ὂν ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων, ἀλλ' ἔχον ἐντὸς κεκρυμμένην διάνοιαν, οἷα τὰ τοῦ Σαμψὼν, ἃ ἔλεγεν· Ἐξῆλθεν ἀπὸ ἐσθίοντος βρῶσις, καὶ ἀπὸ ἰσχυροῦ γλυκύ· καὶ ὁ Σολομὼν, Νοήσει τε παραβολὴν, καὶ σκοτεινὸν λόγον. Λέγεται παραβολὴ καὶ ἡ ὁμοίωσις· Ἄλλην παραβολὴν παρέθηκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων· Ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ σπείροντι καλὸν σπέρμα. Παραβολὴ λέγεται καὶ τροπολογία· Υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου, εἰπὲ τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην αὐτοῖς. Ὁ ἀετὸς ὁ μέγας, ὁ μεγαλοπτέρυγος· ἀετὸν λέγων τὸν βασιλέα. Παραβολὴ λέγεται καὶ τύπος, καὶ εἰκὼν, καθάπερ δείκνυσι καὶ ὁ Παῦλος λέγων· Πίστει προενήνοχε τὸν Ἰσαὰκ, πειραζόμενος, καὶ τὸν μονογενῆ προσέφερεν ὁ τὰς ἐπαγγελίας δεξάμενος· ὅθεν καὶ ἐν παραβολῇ αὐτὸν ἐκομίσατο· τουτέστιν, ἐν τύπῳ καὶ ἐν εἰκόνι. γʹ. Τί οὖν ἐνταῦθα βούλεται αὐτῷ ἡ παραβολή; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ τὸ διήγημα λέγειν. Εἰ δὲ αἰνιγματώδη ποιεῖ τὸν λόγον καὶ πολλὴν ἔχοντα τὴν δυσκολίαν, μηδὲ οὕτως θορυβηθῇς· ἵνα γὰρ διεγείρῃ τὸν ἀκροατὴν, τοῦτο ποιεῖ, ἄλλως δὲ καὶ ἐπειδὴ πολλοὺς ἡ εὐκολία εἰς ῥᾳθυμίαν ἄγει, διὰ τοῦτο ἐν παραβολῇ φθέγγεται. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς πολλὰ ἐν παραβολαῖς ἐλάλει, κατ' ἰδίαν δὲ τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἐπέλυε ταύτας. Ἡ γὰρ παραβολὴ τὸν ἄξιον καὶ οὐκ ἄξιον διαιρεῖ· ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἄξιος ἐκζητεῖ τὰ λεγόμενα εὑρεῖν, ὁ δὲ ἀνάξιος παρατρέχει· ὅπερ καὶ τότε ἐγίνετο. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ Ἰουδαῖοι οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τῆς δυσκολίας διεγειρόμενοι πρὸς τὴν ἐρώ 55.226 τησιν εἵλκοντο· οὕτω καθάπαξ οὐ προσεῖχον τοῖς λεγομένοις. Ἱκανὸν δὲ τοῦτο πρὸς ζήτησιν διεγεῖραι, ὅταν ᾖ τι συνεσκιασμένον. ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐποίει τότε τοῦτο, καὶ ἐν παραβολαῖς ἐλάλει, ἐρεθίζων καὶ διεγείρων αὐτοὺς πρὸς ἐπιθυμίαν ἀκροάσεως ἀναπεπτωκότας καὶ καθεύδοντας· ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτω προσεῖχον· οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ προσέκειντο, καὶ ἀγνοοῦντες ἐνέμενον δι' αὐτὸ τοῦτο μάλιστα, ὅτι ἠγνόουν. ∆ιὸ καὶ κατ' ἰδίαν ἔλυεν αὐτοῖς τὰς παραβολάς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ οὗτός φησι· Κλινῶ εἰς παραβολὴν τὸ οὖς μου, ἀνοίξω ἐν ψαλτηρίῳ τὸ πρόβλημά μου. Πρόβλημα δέ ἐστι λόγος συνεσκιασμένος καὶ αἰνιγματώδης, διὸ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ φησι· Φθέγξομαι προβλήματα ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ σοφίαν ἐτόλμησε καλέσαι, θαῤῥῶν τῇ θείᾳ ἀποκαλύψει· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ Ἐν ψαλτηρίῳ φησὶ, τὸ πνευματικὸν ἐμφαίνων τῆς διδασκαλίας, τὴν ἄνωθεν κατοχὴν αὐτοῦ γενομένην, καὶ ἐν ᾄσματος τάξει ποιεῖται τὴν συμβουλὴν, ἡδύνων τὸν λόγον. Εἶδες οἷον τὸ προοίμιον κατεσκεύασεν; Ἐκάλεσε τὴν οἰκουμένην, ἐξέβαλε τὴν ἀνωμαλίαν τὴν ἐν τῷ βίῳ, ἀνέμνησε τῆς φύσεως, κατέστειλε τὰ φρονήματα, ὑπέσχετο μέγα τι καὶ γενναῖον ἐρεῖν, εἶπε μηδὲν οἴκοθεν φθέγγεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἃ παρ' ἐκείνου ἤκουσε, πολλὴν ᾐνίξατο ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τὴν ἀσάφειαν εἶναι, προσεκτικωτέρους ποιῶν· πνευματικὴν ὑπέσχετο σοφίαν ἡμᾶς διδάξαι, ἣν διὰ παντὸς ἐμελέτα. Προσέχωμεν τοίνυν, καὶ μὴ παρατρέχωμεν. Εἰ γὰρ σοφὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ παραβολὴ, καὶ πρόβλημα, διεγηγερμένης χρεία διανοίας. Τίς οὖν ἐστιν ἡ συμβουλὴ, καὶ τί τὸ πρόβλημα, καὶ τίς ἡ παραβολὴ, καὶ τίς ἡ σοφία, ἣν ἄνωθεν ἤκουσεν; Ἵνα τί φοβοῦμαι, φησὶν, ἐν ἡμέρᾳ πονηρᾷ; Ἄλλος, Ἐν ἡμέραις πονηροῦ. Ἄλλος,Κακοῦ. Ὁ Σύρος, Ῥᾶ. Ἡ ἀνομία τῆς πτέρνης μουκυκλώσει με. Ἄλλος, Τῶν ἰχνέων μου. Ὁ δὲ Ἑβραῖος, Ἀὼν ἀκουββαεὶ ἰσουββουνεί. Εἶδες πῶς πρόβλημα, καὶ αἴνιγμα, καὶ σκοτεινὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ πολλὴ ἡ ἀσάφεια; Ἀλλ', εἰ δοκεῖ, πρότερον μάθωμεν, ποίαν λέγει πονηρὰν ἡμέραν. Ποίαν τοίνυν εἴωθε καλεῖν ἡ Γραφὴ ἡμέραν πονηράν; Τὴν τῶν συμφορῶν, τὴν τῶν κολάσεων, τὴν τῶν περιστάσεων. Ὃ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ φησι· Μακάριος ὁ συνιὼν ἐπὶ πτωχὸν καὶ πένητα· ἐν ἡμέρᾳ πονηρᾷ ῥύσεται αὐτὸν ὁ Κύριος. Τοιαύτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ μέλλουσα τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς, ἡ φοβερὰ ἐκείνη, καὶ