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having sent forth these two lamps everywhere in the world. What word, then, will suffice for the achievements of Paul, or what tongue will be able to attain to his encomiums? For whether prophets, or patriarchs, or righteous men, or apostles, or martyrs displayed anything noble, he possesses all these things gathered together, with such an excess that no one of them possessed the good thing which each had to such a degree. When, therefore, one soul possesses all the good things among men gathered together, and all with excess, and not only the things of men, but also those of angels; how shall we not be overwhelmed by the magnitude of the encomiums? Of what condemnation, then, would we not be worthy, when one man has obtained all good things in himself, we do not even strive to imitate the smallest part of him? For the patriarch Abraham is admired for many achievements, but especially for sacrificing his own son; and Isaac for his forbearance, because when driven from his own borders he did not retaliate, but yielded his own possessions everywhere, until he had satisfied the unjust desire of those who vexed him; and Jacob for his fortitude and patience; and David for his meekness; and Elijah because he was zealous for the Lord. But what could be equal to Paul, who possesses all these things gathered together, and with excess? For this man did not sacrifice a son, but sacrificed himself ten thousand times; and he was not only driven from his own borders, but he went about land and sea, both Greek and barbarian, and simply all the earth the sun looks upon, as if winged, being dragged, beaten, stoned, dying every day. Nor did he serve twice seven years, being consumed by the heat of the day and the frost of the night, but he spent his whole life in hunger and nakedness, and in chains and prison, and in plots and dangers. And as for gentleness and meekness, who more, who equally to the soul of Paul, has achieved both these things? And if you should see his zeal, you will see him surpassing Elijah, by as much as that one surpassed the other prophets. But John ate locusts and wild honey. But this man passed his time in the midst of the world, as that one did in the desert, not eating locusts and wild honey, but setting forth a much humbler table than that, and not even having a supply of necessary food because of his zeal for the preaching. It remains, then, to make him equal to the angels. And let no one condemn the statement for its boldness. For if Scripture called John an angel, why are you amazed if we compare him who is better than all with those powers? For what man is, and how great is the nobility of our nature, and of how much virtue this creature is capable, Paul showed more than all men. And now 63.800 he has stood since he was born, with a clear voice making a defense for the Lord to all who find fault with our constitution, and showing that between angels and men there is not much of a gap, if we are willing to pay attention to them. For not having obtained another nature, nor having shared in another soul, nor having inhabited another world, but having been brought up in the same earth and country and laws and customs, he surpassed all men who have existed since men came to be; and as a dead body would be unmoved before another dead body, so with exactness he subdued the impulses of his nature, and never experienced any human passion for anything. If, then, Paul, who gloried in so many achievements, and appeared like an angel on the earth, was zealous every day to gain, and to array himself for the dangers in behalf of the truth, and to gather for himself spiritual merchandise, and never to stand still; what apology could we have, who are not only destitute of all achievements, but are also subject to so many faults, of which even one alone belonging to us is sufficient to bring us down into the very abyss of destruction, and who make no effort at least to correct these things, let alone to take up the works of virtue? Or not of the same with us

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δύο ταύτας λαμπάδας ἀφεῖσα πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης. Τίς ἄρα λόγος ἀρκέσει τοῖς Παύλου κατορθώμασιν, ἢ ποία δυνήσεται γλῶσσα ἐφικέσθαι τῶν ἐγκωμίων τῶν τούτου; Εἴτε γὰρ προφῆται ἐπεδείξαντό τι γενναῖον, εἴτε πατριάρχαι, εἴτε δίκαιοι, εἴτε ἀπόστολοι, εἴτε μάρτυρες, ταῦτα ὁμοῦ συλλαβὼν ἔχει, μετὰ τοσαύτης ὑπερβολῆς, μεθ' ὅσης οὐδεὶς ἐκείνων, ὅπερ ἕκαστος εἶχε καλὸν, ἐκέκτητο. Ὅταν οὖν ἅπαντα τὰ ἐν ἀνθρώποις καλὰ συλλαβοῦσα ἔχῃ ψυχὴ μία, καὶ πάντα μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς, οὐ μόνον δὲ τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων· πῶς περιεσόμεθα ἐκ τοῦ μεγέθους τῶν ἐγκωμίων; Πόσης οὖν οὐκ ἂν εἴημεν καταγνώσεως ἄξιοι, ὅταν ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου πάντα συνειληχότος ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὰ καλὰ, ἡμεῖς οὐδὲ τὸ πολλοστὸν μέρος αὐτοῦ μιμεῖσθαι σπουδάζωμεν; Ἐκ πολλῶν μὲν γὰρ κατορθωμάτων ὁ πατριάρχης θαυμάζεται Ἀβραὰμ, μάλιστα δὲ ἐκ τοῦ τὸν υἱὸν καταθῦσαι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ· ὁ δὲ Ἰσαὰκ ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνεξικακίᾳ, ὅτι τῶν οἰκείων ἐλαυνόμενος ὅρων οὐκ ἐπεξῄει, ἀλλὰ παρεχώρει πανταχοῦ τῶν οἰκείων κτημάτων, ἕως τῶν λυπούντων τὴν ἄδικον ἐκόρεσεν ἐπιθυμίαν· καὶ ὁ Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ καρτερίᾳ καὶ τῇ ὑπομονῇ· καὶ ὁ ∆αυῒδ ἐπὶ τῇ πραότητι· καὶ ὁ Ἠλίας ὅτι ὑπὲρ τοῦ ∆εσπότου ἐζήλωσεν. Ἀλλὰ τί Παύλου γένοιτ' ἂν ἴσον, ὃς πάντα ταῦτα ὁμοῦ συλλαβὼν ἔχει, καὶ μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς; Οὐδὲ γὰρ υἱὸν κατέθυσεν οὗτος, ἀλλ' ἑαυτὸν μυριάκις κατέθυσε· καὶ οὐδὲ τῶν οἰκείων ὅρων ἠλαύνετο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ γῆν καὶ θάλατταν, καὶ Ἑλλάδα καὶ βάρβαρον, καὶ πᾶσαν ἁπαξαπλῶς ὅσην ἥλιος ἐφορᾷ γῆν, ὥσπερ τις ὑπόπτερος περιῆλθε, συρόμενος, τυπτόμενος, λιθαζόμενος, καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἀποθνήσκων. Οὐδὲ δὶς ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἐδούλευσε συγκαιόμενος τῷ καύματι τῆς ἡμέρας, καὶ τῷ παγετῷ τῆς νυκτὸς, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἅπαντα βίον ἐν λιμῷ καὶ γυμνότητι, καὶ ἁλύσεσι καὶ δεσμωτηρίῳ, καὶ ἐπιβουλαῖς καὶ κινδύνοις διατελῶν. Ἐπιείκειαν δὲ καὶ πραότητα τίς μὲν μᾶλλον, τίς δὲ ἴσον τῆς Παύλου ψυχῆς, ἀμφότερα ταῦτα κατώρθωσεν; Εἰ δὲ τὸν ζῆλον ἴδοις αὐτοῦ, τοσοῦτον ὄψει κρατοῦντα τοῦ Ἠλίου, ὅσον ἐκεῖνος τῶν ἄλλων προφητῶν περιῆν. Ἀλλ' ὁ Ἰωάννης ἀκρίδας ἤσθιε καὶ μέλι ἄγριον. Ἀλλ' οὗτος ἐν μέσῃ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ, καθάπερ ἐκεῖνος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, διέτριβεν, ἀκρίδας μὲν καὶ μέλι ἄγριον οὐ σιτούμενος, πολὺ δὲ εὐτελεστέραν ταύτης παρατιθέμενος τράπεζαν, καὶ οὐδὲ τῆς ἀναγκαίας εὐπορῶν τροφῆς διὰ τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κηρύγματος σπουδήν. Λείπεται πρὸς τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτὸν ἐξισάσαι λοιπόν. Καὶ μηδεὶς τόλμαν καταγινωσκέτω τοῦ λόγου. Εἰ γὰρ τὸν Ἰωάννην ἄγγελον ἐκάλεσεν ἡ Γραφὴ, τί θαυμάζεις εἰ τὸν ἁπάντων ἀμείνω ταῖς δυνάμεσι παραβάλλομεν ἐκείναις; Καὶ γὰρ τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ὅση τῆς φύσεως τῆς ἡμετέρας ἡ εὐγένεια, καὶ ὅσης ἐστὶν ἀρετῆς δεκτικὸν τουτὶ τὸ ζῶον, ἔδειξε μάλιστα πάντων ἀνθρώπων Παῦλος. Καὶ νῦν 63.800 ἕστηκεν ἐξ οὗ γέγονεν, λαμπρᾷ τῇ φωνῇ πρὸς ἅπαντας τοὺς ἐγκαλοῦντας ἡμῶν τῇ κατασκευῇ ἀπολογούμενος ὑπὲρ τοῦ ∆εσπότου, καὶ δεικνὺς, ὅτι καὶ ἀγγέλων καὶ ἀνθρώπων οὐ πολὺ τὸ μέσον, ἐὰν αὐτοῖς προσέχειν ἐθέλωμεν. Οὐ γὰρ ἄλλην φύσιν λαχὼν, οὐδὲ ἑτέρας κοινωνήσας ψυχῆς, οὐδὲ ἄλλον οἰκήσας κόσμον, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ γῇ καὶ χώρᾳ καὶ νόμοις καὶ ἔθεσι τραφεὶς, πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὑπερηκόντισε τοὺς ἐξ οὗ γεγόνασιν ἄνθρωποι γενομένους· καὶ ὡς ἂν νεκρὸς πρὸς νεκρὸν ἀκίνητος γένοιτο, οὕτω μετὰ ἀκριβείας τῆς φύσεως τὰ σκιρτήματα κατευνάζων, οὐδὲν οὐδέποτε πρὸς οὐδὲν ἀνθρώπινον ἔπαθεν. Εἰ τοίνυν Παῦλος ὁ τοσούτοις κομῶν κατορθώμασι, καὶ καθάπερ ἄγγελος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς φαινόμενος, καθ' ἑκάστην ἐσπούδαζε κερδαίνειν, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀληθείας κινδύνους παρατάττεσθαι, καὶ τὴν ἐμπορίαν τὴν πνευματικὴν ἑαυτῷ συλλέγειν, καὶ μηδέποτε ἵστασθαι· ποίαν ἂν σχοίημεν ἡμεῖς ἀπολογίαν οἱ μὴ μόνον πάντων ὄντες ἔρημοι τῶν κατορθωμάτων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοσούτοις ἐλαττώμασιν ὑποκείμενοι, ὧν καὶ ἓν μόνον προσὸν ἡμῖν, ἱκανὸν εἰς αὐτὸ τῆς ἀπωλείας τὸ βάραθρον καταγαγεῖν, καὶ μηδεμίαν ποιούμενοι σπουδὴν κἂν γοῦν ταῦτα διορθοῦν, μήτι γε τῶν τῆς ἀρετῆς ἔργων ἐφάπτεσθαι; Ἢ οὐχὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμῖν