185

sins. For it is not so much the mark of a noble and youthful soul to walk aright and to run at all (for such a soul has good hope as a traveling companion, anointing, rousing, strengthening, making it more eager), as, after countless crowns and many trophies and victories, having endured the ultimate loss, to be able to take up the same races again. And so that what I am saying may become clearer, I will try to bring before you another example, no less than the first. For consider with me a certain pilot who has crossed countless seas, after having sailed through the entire sea, after many storms and reefs and waves, carrying a great cargo, sinking in the very mouth of the harbor, and barely escaping this harsh shipwreck with his naked body; how is it likely he would be disposed towards the sea, and seafaring, and such toils? Will such a man, unless he has a very noble soul, ever choose to see a shore, or a ship, or a harbor? I think not; but he will lie down covered, seeing night as day, and giving up on everything; and he will choose rather to live by begging, than to take up the same toils. But this blessed man was not like that; but having endured such a shipwreck, after those countless toils and sweats, he did not remain covered up, but launched the ship, and spread the sails, and handled the rudder, and takes up the same toils, and amassed a greater wealth again. If it is so marvelous to stand, and not to lie utterly fallen, to rise up again and to accomplish such things, of how many crowns would it not be worthy? And yet there were many things that drove him to despair: first, the magnitude of the sin; second, to suffer these things not in the beginning of his life, when hopes are greater, but towards the end. For the merchant who has just left port and suffered shipwreck does not grieve in the same way as one who strikes a reef after countless trading voyages. Third, to suffer this after having already gathered much wealth. For no small cargoes were then laid up for him: such as the things from his first 57.343 age, when he was a shepherd; the things concerning Goliath, when he set up the brilliant trophy; the things concerning his philosophy in the time of Saul. For he showed evangelical long-suffering, taking his enemy into his hands countless times, and continually sparing him; and choosing rather to be cast out from his country and freedom and life itself, than to kill the one unjustly plotting against him. And after he became king, his accomplishments were not small. Besides what has been said, also the opinion of the many, and to have fallen from so bright a glory, caused no small disturbance. For the purple did not adorn him so much as the stain of sin disgraced him. 8. You know, of course, what a thing it is for sins to be paraded about, and how great a soul such a man needs, so that after the accusation of the many, and having so many witnesses of his own transgressions, he does not collapse. But nevertheless, that noble man, having drawn out all these arrows from his soul, so shone thereafter, so wiped away the stain, so became clean, as to console the sins of his descendants even after he had died; and what was said about Abraham, God appears to say about this man also; or rather, much more about this man. For in the case of the patriarch He says, that `I remembered my covenant with Abraham`; but here, not `of the covenant`, He says, but how? `For David my servant's sake I will defend this city.` And Solomon, because of His favor toward that man, He did not allow to fall from the kingdom, though he had committed so great a sin. And so great was the glory of the man, that Peter, after so many years, speaking to the Jews, said thus: `Let me speak freely to you about the patriarch David, that he both died and was buried.` And Christ also, speaking with the Jews, shows that after the sin he was deemed worthy of so much of the Spirit, as even concerning his own

185

ἁμαρτίαις. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτω γενναίας καὶ νεανικῆς ἐστι ψυχῆς ὀρθὰ βαδίζειν καὶ διόλου τρέχειν (ἔχει γὰρ ἡ τοιαύτη συνοδοιπόρον τὴν ἀγαθὴν ἐλπίδα, ἀλείφουσαν, διεγείρουσαν, νευροῦσαν, προθυμοτέραν ἐργαζομένην), ὡς τὸ μετὰ τοὺς μυρίους στεφάνους καὶ τὰ πολλὰ τρόπαια καὶ τὰς νίκας, τὴν ἐσχάτην ὑπομείνασαν ζημίαν, δυνηθῆναι πάλιν ἐπιλαβέσθαι τῶν αὐτῶν δρόμων. Καὶ ἵνα σαφέστερον ὃ λέγω γένηται, καὶ ἕτερον τοῦ προτέρου οὐδὲν ἔλαττον παραδείγματος εἰς μέσον ὑμῖν ἀγαγεῖν πειράσομαι. Ἐννόησον γάρ μοί τινα κυβερνήτην μυρία διαλαβόντα πελάγη, μετὰ τὸ τὴν θάλασσαν διαπλεῦσαι ἅπασαν, μετὰ τοὺς πολλοὺς χειμῶνας καὶ τοὺς σκοπέλους καὶ τὰ κύματα, πολὺν ἔχοντα τὸν φόρτον, ἐν αὐτῷ καταποντιζόμενον τῷ στόματι τοῦ λιμένος, καὶ γυμνῷ μόλις τῷ σώματι τὸ χαλεπὸν τοῦτο διαφυγόντα ναυάγιον· πῶς πρὸς τὴν θάλασσαν διακεῖσθαι εἰκὸς, καὶ τὴν ναυτιλίαν, καὶ τοὺς τοιούτους πόνους; Ἆρα αἱρήσεταί ποτε ὁ τοιοῦτος, εἰ μὴ σφόδρα γενναίας εἴη ψυχῆς, αἰγιαλὸν ἰδεῖν, ἢ πλοῖον, ἢ λιμένα; Οὐκ ἔγωγε οἶμαι· ἀλλ' ἐγκαλυψάμενος κείσεται, νύκτα τὴν ἡμέραν ὁρῶν, καὶ πρὸς πάντα ἀπαγορεύων· καὶ μᾶλλον αἱρήσεται προσαιτῶν ζῇν, ἢ τῶν αὐτῶν ἅψασθαι πόνων. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ μακάριος οὗτος τοιοῦτος· ἀλλὰ τοιοῦτον ναυάγιον ὑπομείνας, μετὰ τοὺς μυρίους πόνους καὶ ἱδρῶτας ἐκείνους, οὐκ ἔμεινεν ἐγκεκαλυμμένος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ πλοῖον καθείλκυσε, καὶ τὰ ἱστία πετάσας, καὶ τὸ πηδάλιον μεταχειρίσας, τῶν αὐτῶν ἅπτεται πόνων, καὶ πλείονα τὸν πλοῦτον εἰργάσατο πάλιν. Εἰ δὲ τὸ στῆναι θαυμαστὸν οὕτω, καὶ τὸ μὴ κεῖσθαι διόλου πεσόντα, τὸ καὶ ἀναστῆναι καὶ τοιαῦτα ἐργάσασθαι, πόσων οὐκ ἂν εἴη στεφάνων ἄξιον; Καίτοιγε πολλὰ ἦν τὰ εἰς ἀπόγνωσιν αὐτὸν ἐμβάλλοντα· καὶ πρῶτον, τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ ἁμαρτήματος· δεύτερον, τὸ μὴ ἐν προοιμίοις τῆς ζωῆς, ὅτε καὶ πλείους αἱ ἐλπίδες, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τῷ τέλει ταῦτα παθεῖν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ ἔμπορος ἀπὸ λιμένος ἐξελθὼν εὐθέως καὶ ναυάγιον ὑπομείνας, ὁμοίως ἀλγεῖ τῷ μετὰ μυρίας ἐμπορίας προσαράσσοντι σκοπέλῳ. Τρίτον, τὸ πολὺν ἤδη συνειληχότα πλοῦτον τοῦτο παθεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ οὐ μικρὰ ἀπέκειτο αὐτῷ φορτία τότε· οἷον τὰ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην 57.343 ἡλικίαν, ἡνίκα ἐποίμαινε· τὰ κατὰ τὸν Γολιὰθ, ὅτε τὸ λαμπρὸν τρόπαιον ἔστησε· τὰ κατὰ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ Σαούλ. Καὶ γὰρ τὴν εὐαγγελικὴν ἐπεδείκνυτο μακροθυμίαν, μυριάκις τὸν ἐχθρὸν εἰς χεῖρας ἑλὼν, καὶ φεισάμενος διηνεκῶς· καὶ μᾶλλον ἑλόμενος ἐκπεσεῖν πατρίδος καὶ ἐλευθερίας καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς ζωῆς, ἢ τὸν ἀδίκως ἐπιβουλεύοντα ἀνελεῖν. Καὶ μετὰ τὴν βασιλείαν δὲ οὐ μικρὰ ἦν αὐτῷ τὰ κατωρθωμένα. Μετὰ δὲ τῶν εἰρημένων, καὶ ἡ παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν ὑπόληψις, καὶ τὸ λαμπρᾶς οὕτω δόξης ἐκπεσεῖν, οὐ τὸν τυχόντα ἐποίει θόρυβον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ οὕτως αὐτὸν ἐκαλλώπιζεν ἡ πορφύρα, ὡς κατῄσχυνεν ἡ τῆς ἁμαρτίας κηλίς. ηʹ. Ἴστε δὲ πάντως ἡλίκον ἐστὶν ἁμαρτήματα ἐκπομπεύεσθαι, καὶ πῶς μεγάλης δεῖται ψυχῆς ὁ τοιοῦτος, ὥστε μετὰ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν κατηγορίαν, καὶ τὸ μάρτυρας ἔχειν τοσούτους τῶν οἰκείων πλημμελημάτων, μὴ ἀναπεσεῖν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἅπαντα ταῦτα ὁ γενναῖος ἐκεῖνος τῆς ψυχῆς ἐξελκύσας τὰ βέλη, οὕτως ἔλαμψε μετὰ ταῦτα, οὕτως ἔσμηξε τὴν κηλῖδα, οὕτως ἐγένετο καθαρὸς, ὡς τῶν ἐκγόνων τῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ τελευτήσας τὰ ἁμαρτήματα παραμυθήσασθαι· καὶ ὅπερ ἐλέγετο περὶ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ περὶ τούτου φαίνεται ὁ Θεὸς λέγων· μᾶλλον δὲ πολλῷ πλέον περὶ τούτου. Ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ πατριάρχου φησὶν, ὅτι Ἐμνήσθην τῆς διαθήκης τῆς πρὸς Ἀβραάμ· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐ, τῆς διαθήκης, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ πῶς; ∆ιὰ ∆αυῒδ τὸν παῖδά μου ὑπερασπιῶ τῆς πόλεως ταύτης. Καὶ τὸν Σολομῶντα δὲ διὰ τὴν πρὸς ἐκεῖνον εὔνοιαν οὐκ ἀφῆκε τηλικαύτην ἁμαρτήσαντα ἁμαρτίαν τῆς βασιλείας ἐκπεσεῖν. Καὶ τοσαύτη ἦν ἡ δόξα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, ὥστε τὸν Πέτρον μετὰ τοσαῦτα ἔτη πρὸς Ἰουδαίους δημηγοροῦντα οὕτω λέγειν· Ἐξὸν εἰπεῖν μετὰ παῤῥησίας πρὸς ὑμᾶς περὶ τοῦ πατριάρχου ∆αυῒδ, ὅτι καὶ ἐτελεύτησε καὶ ἐτάφη. Καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς δὲ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις διαλεγόμενος, δείκνυσιν αὐτὸν μετὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν Πνεύματος ἠξιωμένον τοσοῦτον, ὡς καὶ περὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ