199

To Honorius, love of God. For first the soldiers in Britain, having mutinied, proclaimed Marcus as tyrant, and after him, Gratian, having killed Marcus; and when he too was murdered by them after not more than four months had passed, they again elected Constantine, thinking, because he had this name, that he would also .11.3 securely hold the empire. For it seems that for such a reason they had also chosen the others for the tyranny. And Constantine, having crossed over from Britain to Bononia, a city of Gaul situated by the sea, won over the soldiers among the Gauls and Aquitanians; and he secured for himself the subjects there up to the borders between Italy .11.4 and Gaul, which the Romans call the Cottian Alps. And having proclaimed Constans, the elder of his sons, whom he later clothed in the garb of an emperor, as Caesar at that time, he sent him to Spain; and he, having taken possession of the nation, appointed his own governors. and he ordered Didymus and Verenianus, the kinsmen of Honorius, to be brought to him as prisoners; who at first, though disagreeing with each other, being placed in danger, came to an agreement; and having gathered a multitude of peasants and household slaves, they jointly drew up for battle in Lusitania and killed many of the soldiers sent by the tyrant for their capture. .12.1 But after this, when reinforcements were added to their adversaries, they were taken captive and were led away together with their wives and were later executed. But their brothers Theodosiolus and Lagodius, who were staying in other provinces, fled their homeland; and Theodosiolus escaped to Italy to the emperor Honorius, and Lagodius to Theodosius in the east. .12.2 And Constans, having accomplished these things, returned to his father, having established a guard from the soldiers for the pass to the Spains; which he did not permit the Spanish, who requested .12.3 it, to guard according to their ancient custom. This also became the cause afterward of the destruction of those there; for with the power of Constantine having collapsed, the Vandals and Suebi and Alans, barbarian nations, recovering themselves, took control of the pass and captured many forts and cities of the Spanish and Gauls, and the governors of the tyrant. .12.4 And Constantine, seeming for a time to be acting according to his plan, having made his son Constans emperor instead of Caesar, was planning to seize Italy; and having passed the Cottian Alps he came to Verona, a city of Liguria. .12.5 But when he was about to cross the Eridanus, he turned back the same way, having learned of the death of Alabichus; who, being a general of Honorius and suspected of plotting with Constantine for the entire western command, happened to be killed at that time, riding ahead, as was the custom, when the ruler was returning from some procession; at which time the emperor immediately dismounted from his horse and in public .12.6 offered prayers of thanksgiving to God, as if delivered from a manifest plotter. But Constantine in his flight seized Arelate, and at the same time also Constans .12.7 his son fleeing from Spain. For with the power of Constantine having collapsed, the Vandals and Suebi and Alans, recovering themselves, hastily seized the Pyrenees mountain, hearing that the land was prosperous and very wealthy. And since those entrusted by Constans with guarding the pass had neglected it, they passed into Spain. .13.1 Meanwhile Gerontius, the best of Constantine's generals, became hostile to him; and considering Maximus, one of his own household, suitable for the tyranny, he clothed him in the imperial robe and allowed him to reside in Tarraco. And he himself marched against Constantine, having arranged on the way for his son Constans, who was in .13.2 Vienne, to be killed. But when Constantine learned the things concerning Maximus, he sent Edobichus his general across the Rhine to solicit an alliance of the Franks and Alamanni, and to his son Constans, of Vienne and

199

᾿Ονωρίῳ θεοφίλειαν. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ οἱ ἐν Βρεττανίᾳ στρατιῶται στασιάσαντες ἀναγορεύουσι Μᾶρκον τύραννον, μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Γρατιανόν, ἀνελόντες Μᾶρκον· ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτος οὐ πλέον τεσσάρων μηνῶν διελθόντων ἐφονεύθη παρ' αὐτῶν, πάλιν Κωνσταντῖνον χειροτονοῦσιν, οἰηθέντες, καθότι ταύτην εἶχε προσηγορίαν, καὶ .11.3 βεβαίως αὐτὸν κρατήσειν τῆς βασιλείας. ἐκ τοιαύτης γὰρ αἰτίας φαίνονται καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους εἰς τυραννίδα ἐπιλεξάμενοι. περαιωθεὶς δὲ Κωνσταντῖνος ἐκ τῆς Βρεττανίας ἐπὶ Βονωνίαν πόλιν τῆς Γαλατίας παρὰ θάλασσαν κειμένην προσηγάγετο τοὺς παρὰ Γαλάταις καὶ ᾿Ακοιτανοῖς στρατιώτας· καὶ τοὺς τῇδε ὑπηκόους περιεποίησεν ἑαυτῷ μέχρι τῶν μεταξὺ ᾿Ιταλίας .11.4 καὶ Γαλατίας ὅρων, ἃς Κοττίας ῎Αλπεις ῾Ρωμαῖοι καλοῦσι. Κώνσταντα δὲ τὸν πρεσβύτερον τῶν αὐτοῦ υἱέων, ὃν ὕστερον βασιλέως σχῆμα ἐνέδυσε, Καίσαρα τότε ἀναγορεύσας πέπομφε εἰς Σπανίαν· ὁ δὲ τὸ ἔθνος καταλαβὼν ἄρχοντας ἰδίους κατέστησε. καὶ δεσμίους ἀχθῆναι αὐτῷ προσέταξεν ∆ίδυμον καὶ Βερενιανὸν τοὺς ᾿Ονωρίου συγγενεῖς· οἳ τὰ πρῶτα διαφερόμενοι πρὸς ἑαυτούς, εἰς κίνδυνον καταστάντες ὡμονόησαν· καὶ πλῆθος ἀγροίκων καὶ οἰκετῶν συλλέξαντες κοινῇ κατὰ τὴν Λυσιτανίαν παρετάξαντο καὶ πολλοὺς ἀνεῖλον τῶν εἰς σύλληψιν αὐτῶν ἀποσταλέντων παρὰ τοῦ τυράννου στρατιωτῶν. .12.1 Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα συμμαχίας προστεθείσης τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἐζωγρήθησαν καὶ ἅμα ταῖς αὐτῶν γαμεταῖς ἀπήχθησαν καὶ ὕστερον ἀνῃρέθησαν. ἐν ἑτέραις δὲ ἐπαρχίαις διατρίβοντες Θεοδοσίωλος καὶ Λαγώδιος οἱ αὐτῶν ἀδελφοὶ φεύγουσι τὴν πατρίδα· καὶ διασῴζονται Θεοδοσίωλος μὲν εἰς ᾿Ιταλίαν πρὸς ᾿Ονώριον τὸν βασιλέα, Λαγώδιος δὲ πρὸς Θεοδόσιον εἰς τὴν ἀνατολήν. .12.2 καὶ ὁ μὲν Κώνστας ταῦτα διαπραξάμενος ἐπανῆλθε πρὸς τὸν πατέρα φρουρὰν καταστήσας ἀπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν τῆς ἐπὶ τὰς Σπανίας παρόδου· ἣν δεο.12.3 μένοις ᾿Ισπανοῖς κατὰ τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἔθος φυλάττειν οὐκ ἐπέτρεψεν. ὃ καὶ αἴτιον ἐγένετο μετὰ ταῦτα τῆς ἀπωλείας τῶν τῇδε· καταπεσούσης γὰρ τῆς Κωνσταντίνου δυνάμεως ἀναλαβόντες ἑαυτοὺς Οὐάνδαλοί τε καὶ Σουῆβοι καὶ ᾿Αλανοί, ἔθνη βάρβαρα, τῆς παρόδου ἐκράτησαν καὶ πολλὰ φρούρια καὶ πόλεις τῶν ᾿Ισπανῶν καὶ Γαλατῶν εἷλον καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας τοῦ τυράννου. .12.4 Κωνσταντῖνος δὲ τέως κατὰ γνώμην πράττειν δοκῶν, Κώνσταντα τὸν υἱὸν ἀντὶ Καίσαρος βασιλέα καταστήσας, ἐβουλεύετο τὴν ᾿Ιταλίαν καταλαβεῖν· καὶ παραμείψας τὰς Κοττίας ῎Αλπεις ἧκεν εἰς Βέρωνα πόλιν τῆς Λιγουρίας. .12.5 μέλλων δὲ περαιοῦσθαι τὸν ᾿Ηριδανὸν τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἀνέστρεψε, μαθὼν τὸν ᾿Αλαβίχου θάνατον· ὃν δὴ στρατηγὸν ᾿Ονωρίου ὄντα καὶ ὕποπτον ὡς Κωνσταντίνῳ πραγματευόμενον πᾶσαν τὴν πρὸς τὴν δύσιν ἡγεμονίαν, ἀναιρεθῆναι συνέβη τότε, προηγούμενον, ὡς ἔθος, ἐπανιόντος ἐκ προόδου τινὸς τοῦ κρατοῦντος· ἡνίκα δὴ καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτίκα τοῦ ἵππου ἀποβὰς δημοσίᾳ .12.6 εὐχαριστήρια τῷ θεῷ ηὔξατο ὡς προφανοῦς ἐπιβούλου ἀπαλλαγείς. Κωνσταντῖνος δὲ φεύγων τὴν ᾿Αρήλατον κατέλαβε, κατὰ ταὐτὸν δὲ καὶ Κών.12.7 στας ὁ αὐτοῦ παῖς φεύγων ἐκ τῆς ᾿Ισπανίας. καταπεσούσης γὰρ τῆς Κωνσταντίνου δυνάμεως ἀναλαβόντες ἑαυτοὺς Οὐάνδαλοί τε καὶ Σουῆβοι καὶ ᾿Αλανοὶ σπουδῇ τὸ Πυρηναῖον ὄρος κατέλαβον, εὐδαίμονα καὶ πλουσιωτάτην τὴν χώραν ἀκούοντες. παρημεληκότων τε τῶν ἐπιτραπέντων παρὰ Κώνσταντος τὴν φρουρὰν τῆς παρόδου παρῆλθον εἰς ᾿Ισπανίαν. .13.1 ᾿Εν τούτῳ δὲ Γερόντιος ὁ τῶν Κωνσταντίνου στρατηγῶν ἄριστος δυσμενὴς αὐτῷ γέγονεν· ἐπιτήδειόν τε εἰς τυραννίδα Μάξιμον τὸν αὐτοῦ οἰκεῖον νομίσας βασιλικὴν ἐνέδυσεν ἐσθῆτα καὶ ἐν Ταρακόνῃ διάγειν εἴασεν. αὐτὸς δὲ Κωνσταντίνῳ ἐπεστράτευσεν, ἐν παρόδῳ Κώνσταντα τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν .13.2 Βιέννῃ ὄντα ἀναιρεθῆναι παρασκευάσας. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἔμαθε Κωνσταντῖνος τὰ κατὰ Μάξιμον, ᾿Εδόβιχον μὲν τὸν αὐτοῦ στρατηγὸν πέραν τοῦ ῾Ρήνου πέπομφε Φράγκων τε καὶ ᾿Αλαμανῶν συμμαχίαν προτρεψόμενον, Κώνσταντι δὲ τῷ αὐτοῦ παιδὶ Βιέννης καὶ