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they sacrifice to demons and not to God; but not those who once sacrificed according to the law most justly. But now since this no longer happens, as he himself willed, as he also said from of old through Jeremiah the prophet, “To what purpose do you bring me frankincense from Sheba, and cinnamon from a far country?” and again, “your sacrifices did not please me,” and at another time, “take away your sacrifices, Israel, and eat meat. For I did not command your fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt concerning sacrifices, but this I commanded them, that each one do justice toward his neighbor”; but when he says that I did not command and when he says in the law to Moses that “Each of the sons of Israel, if he brings a sacrifice from oxen or sheep, let him offer a male without blemish,” and again, “if anyone sins and is in some transgression, let him bring a sheep,” and again, “if the people sin, let him bring a calf,” he showed that he acceptably received the sacrifices once performed for the salvation of the people, 2.167 not because he needed them or wanted them, but condescending to their weakness and to the predisposition of humanity, so that from polytheism he might transfer the minds of men to the knowledge of the one God. For since their mind was firmly founded in sacrifice as in piety, offered to idols for their own propitiation and salvation, and so that they might not at once bear it badly on account of custom, to turn away from * doing this for a time in his name from the polytheistic fantasy, he willed to change for himself the things that happened to them by custom, so that henceforth, knowing the one and believing securely in the one, they might hear from him, “Shall I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats?” and “For forty years did you offer sacrifice to me in the wilderness, O house of Israel?”. And yet many sacrifices were offered then, to show that they did not offer to him, although he was receiving them and they were offering in his name, but on account of their habit which was brought up in such things, until he might transform it, drawing them down from the habit of many to the one, and from the one they might henceforth learn that he neither needed nor needs them, and might henceforth cut off through the incarnate presence of his Christ the whole basis of sacrifices, the one sacrifice having perfected all the pre-existing ones, which is the sacrifice of Christ, because “Christ our Passover has been sacrificed” according to what is written; of which sacrifice and Passover and teaching the law became a tutor, leading through the type and restoring to the more perfect teaching. 11 and 19 scholion. “A man ought not to have long hair, being the image and glory of God.” 11 and 19 refutation. The apostle defines man not only as the image of God, but also his glory. But by positing the hair as something physical, being its own thing in the body and not in the soul, he therefore does not define the creation of the good God as something alien through confessing that the things of the old covenant are fulfilled in the new. 2.168 12 20and20 20 scholion20. “But God has composed the body.” 12 20and20 20 refutation20. If God has composed the body, and the apostle preaches no other God but the one who is, and he confesses that God has mixed the body with its members, he knows no other God than the creator, himself good and founder and just, maker of all things, from all of which man is one work, who has been well-mixed in his members by him. 13 20and20 21 20scholion20. Marcion erroneously added “through the law” after “but in the church I would rather speak five words with my mind.” 13 20and20 21 20refutation20. Therefore tongues are also from the gift of the spirit. But what kind of tongues does the apostle speak of? * so that those who the Hebrew voices which differently and

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δαιμονίοις θύουσι καὶ οὐχὶ θεῷ· ἀλλ' οὐχ οἵ ποτε κατὰ νόμον θύσαντες δικαιότατα. νῦν δὲ μηκέτι τούτου γενομένου, αὐτοῦ θέλοντος, ὡς καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνέκαθεν διὰ Ἰερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου ἔλεγεν «ἵνα τί μοι λίβανον ἐκ Σαβᾶ φέρεις καὶ κινάμωμον ἐκ γῆς μακρόθεν;» καὶ πάλιν «αἱ θυσίαι σου οὐχ ἥδυνάν μοι» καὶ ἄλλοτε «ἆρόν σου τὰς θυσίας, Ἰσραήλ, καὶ φάγετε κρέα. οὐ γὰρ ἐνετειλάμην τοῖς πατράσιν ὑμῶν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπιλαβομένου μου τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου περὶ θυσιῶν, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ἐνετειλάμην αὐτοῖς, ἕκαστον ποιεῖν δικαιοσύνην πρὸς τὸν πλησίον»· αὐτοῦ δὲ λέγοντος ὅτι οὐκ ἐνετειλάμην καὶ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ λέγοντος τῷ Μωυσῇ ὅτι «ἕκαστος τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐὰν προσενέγκῃ θυσίαν ἐκ βοῶν ἢ προβάτων, ἄρσεν ἄμωμον προσφερέτω» καὶ πάλιν «ἐάν τις ἁμάρτῃ καὶ γένηται ἔν τινι πλημμελείᾳ, προσαγάγῃ πρόβατον» καὶ πάλιν «ἐὰν ἁμάρτῃ ὁ λαός, προσενέγκῃ μόσχον», ἔδειξε μὲν εὐπροσδέκτως αὐτὸν κομίζεσθαι τὰς ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας τοῦ λαοῦ ποτε τελεσθείσας θυσίας, 2.167 οὐκ αὐτοῦ ἐπιδεομένου τούτων οὐδὲ θέλοντος ταῦτα, ἀλλὰ συγκαταβαίνοντος αὐτῶν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ καὶ τῇ τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος προλήψει, ἵνα ἀπὸ τῆς πολυθεΐας εἰς τὴν περὶ τοῦ ἑνὸς θεοῦ γνῶσιν μετενέγκῃ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων διάνοιαν. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἰσχυρῶς ἐτεθεμελίωτο ἡ διάνοια αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ θυσίᾳ ὡς ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ, τῇ ὑπὲρ ἱλασμῶν ἑαυτῶν καὶ σωτηρίας εἰδώλοις προσφερομένῃ, εἰς δὲ τὸ μὴ ἅπαξ χαλεπῶς φέρειν διὰ τὴν συνήθειαν, τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι * τοῦτο ποιεῖν ἕως καιροῦ εἰς αὐτοῦ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τῆς πολυθέου φαντασίας, ἠθέλησε τὰ κατ' ἔθος αὐτοῖς γινόμενα εἰς αὑτὸν μεταλλάξαι, ἵνα λοιπὸν γνόντες τὸν ἕνα καὶ πιστεύσαντες ἀσφαλῶς τῷ ἑνὶ παρ' αὐτοῦ ἀκούσωσιν «μὴ φάγομαι κρέα ταύρων ἢ αἷμα τράγων πίομαι;» καί «μὴ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη θυσίαν προσηνέγκατέ μοι ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οἶκος Ἰσραήλ;». καίτοι γε πολλῶν θυσιῶν τότε προσενεχθεισῶν, ἵνα δείξῃ ὅτι οὐκ αὐτῷ προσέφερον, καίτοι γε αὐτοῦ δεχομένου καὶ εἰς ὄνομα αὐτοῦ αὐτῶν προσφερόντων, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν αὐτῶν ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις ἀναχθεῖσαν συνήθειαν, ἕως μεταλλεύσῃ καθελκύσας ἀπὸ συνηθείας πολλῶν εἰς τὸν ἕνα καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑνὸς λοιπὸν μάθωσιν ὅτι οὔτε ἔχρῃζεν οὔτε χρῄζει καὶ λοιπὸν ἀποκόψῃ διὰ τῆς ἐνσάρκου παρουσίας τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ τὸ πᾶν τῆς ὑποθέσεως τῶν θυσιῶν, τῆς μιᾶς θυσίας τελειωσάσης τὰς προϋπαρξάσας πάσας, ἥτις ἐστὶ θυσία Χριστοῦ, ὅτι «τὸ Πάσχα ἡμῶν ἐτύθη Χριστός» κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον· ἧς θυσίας καὶ Πάσχα καὶ διδασκαλίας παιδαγωγὸς ἐγένετο ὁ νόμος, ὁδηγῶν διὰ τὸν τύπον καὶ ἀποκαθιστῶν εἰς τὴν ἐντελεστέραν διδασκαλίαν. ˉιˉα καὶ ˉιˉθ σχόλιον. «Ἀνὴρ οὐκ ὀφείλει κομᾶν, δόξα καὶ εἰκὼν θεοῦ ὑπάρχων». ˉιˉα καὶ ˉιˉθ ἔλεγχος. Εἰκόνα οὐ μόνον τὸν ἄνθρωπον θεοῦ ὁρίζεται ὁ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλὰ καὶ δόξαν. τὴν κόμην δὲ ὑποτιθέμενος σωματικήν, οὖσαν κατ' ἰδίαν ἐν σώματι καὶ οὐκ ἐν ψυχῇ, οὐκ ἀλλότριον ἄρα θεοῦ τὸ ποίημα ὁρίζεται τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ διὰ τοῦ ὁμολογεῖν αὐτὸν τὰ ἀπὸ παλαιᾶς ἐν καινῇ πληρούμενα διαθήκῃ. 2.168 ˉιˉβ 20καὶ20 ˉκ 20σχόλιον20. «Ἀλλὰ ὁ θεὸς συνεκέρασε τὸ σῶμα». ˉιˉβ 20καὶ20 ˉκ 20ἔλεγχος20. Εἰ ὁ θεὸς συνεκέρασε τὸ σῶμα, οὐκ ἄλλον δὲ θεὸν ὁ ἀπόστολος κηρύσσει ἀλλὰ τὸν ὄντα, ὁμολογεῖ δὲ τὸν θεὸν τὸ σῶμα τοῖς μέλεσι κεκερακέναι, οὐκ ἄλλον οἶδεν θεὸν ἀλλ' ἢ τὸν δημιουργόν, αὐτὸν ἀγαθὸν καὶ κτιστὴν καὶ δίκαιον, πάντων ποιητήν, ἐξ ὧν πάντων ἓν ἔργον ὑπάρχει ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὁ τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ καλῶς κεκερασμένος. ˉιˉγ 20καὶ20 ˉκˉα 20σχόλιον20. Πεπλανημένως ὁ Μαρκίων μετὰ τό «ἀλλὰ ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ θέλω πέντε λόγους τῷ νοΐ μου λαλῆσαι», προσέθετο «διὰ τὸν νόμον». ˉιˉγ 20καὶ20 ˉκˉα 20ἔλεγχος20. Ἄρα καὶ αἱ γλῶσσαι ἐκ τοῦ χαρίσματος τοῦ πνεύματός εἰσι. γλώσσας δὲ ὁποίας λέγει ὁ ἀπόστολος; * ὅπως γνῶσιν οἱ τὰς φωνὰς τὰς Ἑβραΐδας τὰς διαφόρως καὶ