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not so the disciples; but He reminds them of the signs, saying thus: Do you not yet remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many baskets you took up? 3. But not so towards these; but He reminds them of their common weakness, and shows that they themselves also were among the weak, who indeed did not even know the Scriptures, and neglecting all other virtue, placed their all in sacrifices; which also, hinting at them very strongly, He sets forth in brief what was said by all the prophets, saying: Learn what this means, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice. For by these words He shows that not He was the transgressor, but they; as if He said, For what reason do you accuse me? That I am correcting sinners? Therefore you will accuse the Father of this also. Therefore, establishing this point elsewhere also, He said, My Father works even until now, and I work; and here again, Go and learn what this means, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice. For just as He wills this, He says, so also do I. Do you see how those things are superfluous, but these are necessary? For neither did He say, I will have mercy and sacrifice, but, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice. For the one He approved, but the other He cast out; and He demonstrated that what they were accusing was not only not forbidden, but even legislated, and more so than sacrifice; and He brings in the Old Testament itself speaking and legislating in harmony with Him. Therefore, having rebuked them both from common examples and from the Scriptures, He adds again: I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. And these things He says ironically to them, as when He says, Behold, Adam has become as one of us; and again, If I were hungry, I would not tell you. For that there was no one righteous on the earth, Paul declared, saying: For all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God. And this also comforted those who had been called. For so far am I, He says, from abominating sinners, that it is for them alone that I have come. Then, that He might not make them more remiss, having said sinners, He was not silent, but added, to repentance. For I did not come for them to remain sinners, but to be changed and become better. Since, therefore, He had silenced them from every side, both from the Scriptures and from the consistency of the facts, and they had nothing to say, having been shown to be guilty of the charges they brought against Him, and opposed to the Law and to the Old Testament, leaving Him, they again transfer the accusation 57.366 to His disciples. And Luke, on the one hand, says that the Pharisees said it; but this one, that the disciples of John did; and it is likely that both said these things. For being at a loss, as is likely, they take those men with them, which they also did later in the case of the Herodians. For the disciples of John were always jealous towards Him, and spoke in opposition to Him; being humbled only then, when at the beginning John inhabited the prison. At any rate, coming then, they announced it to Jesus; but after this they returned to their former envy. What then do they say? Why do we and the Pharisees fast often, but your disciples do not fast? This is the disease, which Christ was long ago cutting out, saying: When you fast, anoint your head, and wash your face, foreseeing the evils born from it, But neither does He rebuke these, nor say: O vainglorious and superfluous men; but with all gentleness He discourses with them, saying: The sons of the bridechamber cannot fast, as long as the bridegroom is with them. For when the discussion was concerning others, the publicans I mean, that He might comfort their afflicted soul, He rebuked the reproachers more vehemently; but where they were mocking Him and His disciples, He makes His reply with all gentleness. And what they say is something like this: Let it be, he says, that you do these things as a physician; why do your disciples also, having given up fasting, attend to such tables? Then, so that they might make the accusation greater, they place themselves first, and then the Pharisees, wishing to augment the charge by the comparison. For both we, he says, and the Pharisees fast often. For they did fast, some according to

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τοὺς μαθητὰς οὐχ οὕτως· ἀλλὰ τῶν σημείων ἀναμιμνήσκει οὕτω λέγων· Οὔπω μνημονεύετε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσους κοφίνους ἐλάβετε; γʹ. Ἀλλ' οὐ πρὸς τούτους οὕτως· ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀσθενείας ἀναμιμνήσκει τῆς κοινῆς, καὶ δείκνυσι καὶ αὐτοὺς ὄντας τῶν ἀσθενούντων, οἴγε οὐδὲ τὰς Γραφὰς ᾔδεσαν, καὶ πάσης τῆς λοιπῆς ἀμελοῦντες ἀρετῆς, ἐν ταῖς θυσίαις τὸ πᾶν ἐτίθεντο· ὃ καὶ σφόδρα αὐτοὺς αἰνιττόμενος, τὸ διὰ τῶν προφητῶν πάντων εἰρημένον ἐν βραχεῖ τίθησι, λέγων· Μάθετε τί ἐστιν, Ἔλεον θέλω, καὶ οὐ θυσίαν. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τούτων δείκνυσιν οὐκ αὐτὸν ὄντα τὸν παρανομοῦντα, ἀλλ' ἐκείνους· ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγε· Τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐγκαλεῖτέ μοι· ὅτι ἁμαρτωλοὺς διορθοῦμαι; Οὐκοῦν καὶ τῷ Πατρὶ τοῦτο ἐγκαλέσετε. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τοῦτο κατασκευάζων ἔλεγεν· Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἕως ἄρτι ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι· καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν· Πορευθέντες μάθετε τί ἐστιν, Ἔλεον θέλω, καὶ οὐ θυσίαν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος τοῦτο βούλεται, φησὶν, οὕτω καὶ ἐγώ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἐκεῖνα μὲν περιττὰ, ταῦτα δὲ ἀναγκαῖα; Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἔλεον θέλω καὶ θυσίαν, ἀλλ', Ἔλεον θέλω, καὶ οὐ θυσίαν. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἐνέκρινε, τὸ δὲ ἐξέβαλε· καὶ ἀπέδειξεν οὐ μόνον οὐ κεκωλυμένον ὅπερ ἐνεκάλουν, ἀλλὰ καὶ νενομοθετημένον, καὶ μᾶλλον τῆς θυσίας· καὶ τὴν Παλαιὰν αὐτὴν εἰσάγει συνῳδὰ αὐτῷ φθεγγομένην καὶ νομοθετοῦσαν. Καθαψάμενος τοίνυν αὐτῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κοινῶν ὑποδειγμάτων, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν, ἐπάγει πάλιν· Οὐκ ἦλθον καλέσαι δικαίους, ἀλλ' ἁμαρτωλοὺς εἰς μετάνοιαν. Ταῦτα δὲ εἰρωνευόμενος πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγει, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ· Ἰδοὺ Ἀδὰμ γέγονεν ὡς εἷς ἐξ ἡμῶν· καὶ πάλιν· Ἐὰν πεινάσω, οὐ μή σοι εἴπω. Ὅτι γὰρ οὐδεὶς δίκαιος ἦν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, Παῦλος ἐδήλωσεν εἰπών· Πάντες γὰρ ἥμαρτον, καὶ ὑστεροῦνται τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐκείνους παρεμυθήσατο τοὺς κεκλημένους. Τοσοῦτον γὰρ ἀπέχω, φησὶ, τοῦ βδελύξασθαι ἁμαρτωλοὺς, ὅτι καὶ δι' αὐτοὺς παραγέγονα μόνους. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ ὑπτιωτέρους ἐργάσηται, εἰπὼν ἁμαρτωλοὺς, οὐκ ἐσίγησεν, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν, εἰς μετάνοιαν. Οὐ γὰρ ὥστε ἁμαρτωλοὺς μεῖναι παρεγενόμην, ἀλλ' ὥστε μεταβαλέσθαι καὶ γενέσθαι βελτίους. Ἐπεὶ οὖν πάντοθεν ἐπεστόμισε, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων ἀκολουθίας, καὶ οὐδὲν ἔσχον εἰπεῖν, ὑπεύθυνοι τοῖς ἐγκλήμασι φανέντες, οἷς ἐπήγαγον αὐτῷ, καὶ ἐναντίοι τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ Παλαιᾷ ἀφέντες αὐτὸν, πάλιν ἐπὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς τὸ ἔγκλημα 57.366 μεταφέρουσι Καὶ ὁ μὲν Λουκᾶς φησιν, ὅτι οἱ Φαρισαῖοι εἶπον· οὗτος δὲ, ὅτι οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου· εἰκὸς δὲ καὶ ἀμφοτέρους ταῦτα εἰρηκέναι. Ἐξαπορηθέντες γὰρ ἐκείνους, ὡς εἰκὸς, μεθ' ἑαυτῶν λαμβάνουσιν, ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἡρωδιανῶν ὕστερον ἐποίησαν. Καὶ γὰρ ζηλοτύπως ἀεὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν εἶχον οἱ Ἰωάννου μαθηταὶ, καὶ ἀπεναντίας αὐτῷ διελέγοντο· τότε μόνον ταπεινωθέντες, ὅτε ἐν ἀρχῇ τὸ δεσμωτήριον ᾤκησεν Ἰωάννης. Ἐλθόντες γοῦν τότε ἀνήγγειλαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπὶ τὴν προτέραν ἐπανῆλθον βασκανίαν. Τί οὖν φασι; ∆ιατί ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι νηστεύομεν πολλὰ, οἱ δὲ μαθηταί σου οὐ νηστεύουσι; Τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ νόσημα, ὃ πάλαι ἐξέκοπτεν ὁ Χριστὸς, λέγων· Ὅταν νηστεύῃς, ἄλειψαί σου τὴν κεφαλὴν, καὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν σου νίψαι, τὰ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τικτόμενα κακὰ προειδώς, Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τούτοις ἐπιτιμᾷ, οὐδὲ λέγει· Ὦ κενόδοξοι καὶ περιττοί· ἀλλὰ μετὰ ἐπιεικείας αὐτοῖς ἁπάσης διαλέγεται, λέγων· Οὐ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος νηστεύειν, ἕως ἂν μετ' αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος ἐστίν. Ὅτε μὲν γὰρ ὑπὲρ ἑτέρων ὁ λόγος ἦν, τῶν τελωνῶν λέγω, ἵνα αὐτῶν παραμυθήσηται πληγεῖσαν τὴν ψυχὴν, σφοδρότερον ἐπετίμησε τοῖς ὀνειδίσασιν· ἔνθα δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἔσκωπτον, μετὰ ἐπιεικείας ἁπάσης ποιεῖται τὴν ἀπάντησιν. Ὃ δὲ λέγουσι, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· Ἔστω, σὺ, φησὶν, ὡς ἰατρὸς ταῦτα ποιεῖς· τί καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ τὸ νηστεύειν ἀφέντες ταῖς τοιαύταις τραπέζαις προσέχουσιν; Εἶτα ἵνα μείζω ποιήσωσι τὴν κατηγορίαν, πρώτους ἑαυτοὺς τιθέασι, καὶ τότε τοὺς Φαρισαίους, τῇ συγκρίσει τὸ ἔγκλημα αὐξῆσαι βουλόμενοι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς, φησὶ, καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι νηστεύομεν πολλά. Καὶ γὰρ ἐνήστευον, οἱ μὲν παρὰ