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the virtuous man to be well spoken of by all, so it is impossible for the man who has from all quarters given many occasions for being ill spoken of, not to be ill spoken of by all. But if, while you are providing that which is without offense, there are those who accuse, then for you the reward is also greater, just as it also happened in the case of the apostles, and of those noble men. But one must also know this, that even if someone speaks ill concerning a matter for which our conscience does not condemn us, we must not for this reason despise the accuser on account of his harm, but do all things with the appropriate care, so as to remove even the unreasonable pretext. For this reason Paul also, in the matter of the money, sent many to carry the provisions for the poor; and he gives the reason, saying: That no one may blame us in this abundance which is administered by us. For he did not, seeing this, that they were about to be wrongly scandalized, overlook and despise it; but since he had the power to remove the scandal, he also took thought for those who were being scandalized. And again elsewhere he says: If food scandalizes my brother, I will never eat meat, lest I scandalize my brother. And yet these things were indifferent; but nevertheless, if it brings a scandal, he says, even if it does not harm me, I do not despise the salvation of those who are scandalized. For if a greater harm than their salvation should result, despise the one who is scandalized; but if not, do so no longer. For this would be a universal definition and rule, teaching when one must despise those who are scandalized, and when not; for instance: The Jews were scandalized because Paul did not keep the Law, and for this reason many thousands were falling away, and were limping in the faith. What then does he do? Wishing to heal the scandal—for the salvation of so many thousands and to correct their limping was of greater importance—he hindered that which was greater, by showing for the time being that he does not keep the Law. Again, they were scandalized because he preached a crucified one; here he despised those who were scandalized; for the profit of the preaching was greater. So also Christ does. For when He was discoursing to them about foods, and they were scandalized when He said that 'Not what enters defiles a man, but what comes out,' He says: 'Leave them alone. Every plant which My Father has not planted will be uprooted.' But when they demanded taxes of Him, although He knew He ought not to pay, nevertheless, since the time did not yet require His dignity to be revealed, He says: 'But lest we scandalize them, go, cast a hook into the sea, and take up the fish that 55.256 comes up, and in it you will find a stater; give this to them for Me and for you.' For when He was laying down a law full of much philosophy, and they were incurably disposed, He rightly took no thought of them, and set aside the law; but when they were not yet able to receive the teaching about His dignity, He rightly condescends again, and with the payment of the tax overshadows the teaching about His divinity. Sitting down, you were speaking against your brother. 'But that I might correct him,' he says. ιʹ. Therefore you should not have slandered him secretly, but, as Christ commanded, have taken him aside privately to correct him. For accusations made in public often make them even more shameless; and as long as many of the sinners see that it is possible for them to escape notice, they readily choose to return to the right way; but when they have lost their reputation with the many, some then fall into despair, and slide into shamelessness. But you were wronged in some way by him. Why then do you also wrong yourself? For he who takes revenge, thrusts the sword against himself. For if you wish both to benefit yourself and to take vengeance on him, speak well of the one who has wronged you; thus you will make many his... instead of you

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παρὰ πάντων ἀκούειν καλῶς τὸν ἐνάρετον, οὕτως ἀμήχανον μὴ παρὰ πάντων ἀκούειν κακῶς, τὸν πολλὰς πολλαχόθεν παρασχόντα τοῦ κακῶς ἀκούειν λαβάς. Ἂν δὲ τὸ ἀπρόσκοπόν σου παρέχοντος ὦσιν οἱ κατηγοροῦντες, τότε σοι καὶ πλείων ὁ μισθὸς, καθάπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐγίνετο, καὶ τῶν γενναίων ἐκείνων ἀνδρῶν. Χρὴ δὲ κἀκεῖνο εἰδέναι, ὅτι κἂν λέγῃ τις κακῶς ἐπὶ πράγματι, οὗ τὸ συνειδὸς ἡμῶν οὐ καταγινώσκει, οὐ διὰ τοῦτο δεῖ καταφρονεῖν τοῦ κατηγόρου διὰ τὴν ἐκείνου βλάβην, ἀλλὰ πάντα ποιεῖν μετὰ τῆς πρεπούσης ἀσφαλείας, ὥστε ἀνελεῖν καὶ τὴν ἄλογον πρόφασιν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἐπὶ τῶν χρημάτων πολλοὺς ἔπεμπε τοὺς διακομίζοντας τῶν πενήτων τὰς διατροφάς· καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τίθησι λέγων· Ἵνα μή τις ἡμᾶς μωμήσηται ἐν τῇ ἁδρότητι ταύτῃ τῇ διακονουμένῃ ὑφ' ἡμῶν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο ἰδὼν, ὅτι ἤμελλον κακῶς σκανδαλίζεσθαι, παρεῖδε καὶ κατεφρόνησεν· ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ κύριος ἦν τοῦ λῦσαι τὸ σκάνδαλον, καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν σκανδαλιζομένων προενόησε. Καὶ πάλιν ἀλλαχοῦ φησιν· Εἰ βρῶμα σκανδαλίζει τὸν ἀδελφόν μου, οὐ μὴ φάγω κρέα εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, ἵνα μὴ τὸν ἀδελφόν μου σκανδαλίσω. Καίτοι ταῦτα ἀδιάφορα ἦν· ἀλλ' ὅμως, εἰ σκάνδαλον φέρει, φησὶ, κἂν ἐμὲ οὐ παραβλάπτῃ, οὐ καταφρονῶ τῆς σωτηρίας τῶν σκανδαλιζομένων. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ γίνοιτο βλάβη μείζων τῆς σωτηρίας, καταφρόνει τοῦ σκανδαλιζομένου· εἰ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο, μηκέτι. Ὅρος γὰρ οὗτος ἂν εἴη καθόλου καὶ κανὼν, παιδεύων πότε δεῖ καταφρονεῖν τῶν σκανδαλιζομένων, πότε δὲ μή· οἷόν τι λέγω· Ἐσκανδαλίζοντο Ἰουδαῖοι, ὅτι Παῦλος οὐκ ἐτήρει τὸν νόμον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μυριάδες ἀπεπήδων πολλαὶ, καὶ περὶ τὴν πίστιν ἐχώλευον. Τί οὖν ποιεῖ; Θεραπεῦσαι τὸ σκάνδαλον βουλόμενος μείζων γὰρ ἦν ἡ σωτηρία τῶν τοσούτων μυριάδων, καὶ διορθῶσαι τὴν χωλείαν, τῷ τέως ἐπιδείξασθαι, ὅτι οὐ τηρεῖ τὸν νόμον, ἐκώλυσεν, ὅπερ μεῖζον ἦν. Ἐσκανδαλίζοντο πάλιν, ὅτι ἐσταυρωμένον ἐκήρυσσεν· ἐνταῦθα κατεφρόνησε τῶν σκανδαλιζομένων· μεῖζον γὰρ ἦν τοῦ κηρύγματος τὸ κέρδος. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ποιεῖ. Ὅτε μὲν γὰρ περὶ βρωμάτων αὐτοῖς διελέγετο, καὶ ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν λέγοντος αὐτοῦ, ὅτι Οὐ τὸ εἰσπορευόμενον κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐκπορευόμενον, λέγει· Ἄφετε αὐτούς. Πᾶσα φυτεία, ἣν οὐκ ἐφύτευσεν ὁ Πατήρ μου, ἐκριζωθήσεται. Ὅτε δὲ φόρους αὐτὸν ἀπῄτουν, καίπερ εἰδὼς ὅτι τελεῖν οὐ δεῖ, ὅμως ἐπειδὴ ὁ καιρὸς οὐδέπω ἀπῄτει τὸ ἐκκαλυφθῆναι αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀξίαν, λέγει· Ἵνα δὲ μὴ σκανδαλίσωμεν αὐτοὺς, πορευθεὶς βάλε ἄγκιστρον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, καὶ τὸν 55.256 ἀναβάντα ἰχθὺν ἆρον, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ εὑρήσεις στατῆρα· τοῦτον δὸς αὐτοῖς ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ. Ὅτε μὲν γὰρ νόμον ἐτίθει πολλῆς γέμοντα φιλοσοφίας, καὶ ἀνιάτως εἶχον ἐκεῖνοι, εἰκότως αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐφρόντισε, καὶ τὸν νόμον ἔλυσεν· ὅτε δὲ οὐδέπω οἷοί τε ἦσαν τὸν περὶ τῆς ἀξίας αὐτοῦ δέξασθαι λόγον, εἰκότως συγκαταβαίνει πάλιν, καὶ συσκιάζει τῇ τοῦ φόρου δόσει τὸν περὶ τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ λόγον. Καθήμενος κατὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου κατελάλεις. Ἀλλ' ἵνα διορθώσωμαι, φησίν. ιʹ. Οὐκοῦν οὐ λάθρα διαβάλλειν ἐχρῆν, ἀλλ', ὡς ἐκέλευσεν ὁ Χριστὸς, κατ' ἰδίαν λαβόντα διορθοῦν. Αἱ γὰρ δημοσίᾳ γινόμεναι κατηγορίαι, πολλάκις καὶ ἀναισχυντοτέρους ποιοῦσι· καὶ ἕως μὲν ἂν ἴδωσιν οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἁμαρτανόντων, ὅτι δυνατὸν αὐτοὺς λαθεῖν, καὶ ἐπανελθεῖν ῥᾳδίως αἱροῦνται· ὅταν δὲ τὴν παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν ἀπολέσωσι δόξαν, εἰς ἀπόγνωσίν τινες λοιπὸν ἐμπίπτουσι, καὶ εἰς ἀναισχυντίαν ἐξολισθαίνουσιν. Ἀλλ' ἠδικήθης τι παρ' αὐτοῦ. Τί τοίνυν καὶ σαυτὸν ἀδικεῖς; Ὁ γὰρ ἀμυνόμενος, καθ' ἑαυτοῦ τὸ ξίφος ὠθεῖ. Εἰ γὰρ βούλει καὶ σαυτὸν εὐεργετῆσαι, κἀκεῖνον ἀμύνασθαι, εἰπὲ καλῶς τὸν ἠδικηκότα· οὕτω πολλοὺς αὐτοῦ ποιήσεις ἀντὶ σοῦ