Chapter 15.—Although the Soul Hopes for Blessedness, Yet It Does Not Remember Lost Blessedness, But Remembers God and the Rules of Righteousness. The Unchangeable Rules of Right Living are Known Even to the Ungodly.

21. And of this certainly it feels no doubt, that it is wretched, and longs to be blessed nor can it hope for the possibility of this on any other ground than its own changeableness for if it were not changeable, then, as it could not become wretched after being blessed, so neither could it become blessed after being wretched. And what could have made it wretched under an omnipotent and good God, except its own sin and the righteousness of its Lord? And what will make it blessed, unless its own merit, and its Lord’s reward? But its merit, too, is His grace, whose reward will be its blessedness; for it cannot give itself the righteousness it has lost, and so has not. For this it received when man was created, and assuredly lost it by sinning. Therefore it receives righteousness, that on account of this it may deserve to receive blessedness; and hence the apostle truly says to it, when beginning to be proud as it were of its own good, “For what hast thou that thou didst not receive? Now if thou didst receive it, why dost thou glory as if thou hadst not received it?”895    1 Cor. iv. 7 But when it rightly remembers its own Lord, having received His Spirit, then, because it is so taught by an inward teaching, it feels wholly that it cannot rise save by His affection freely given, nor has been able to fall save by its own defection freely chosen. Certainly it does not remember its own blessedness; since that has been, but is not, and it has utterly forgotten it, and therefore cannot even be reminded of it.896    [In the case of knowledge that is remembered, there is something latent and potential—as when past acquisitions are recalled by a voluntary act of recollection. The same is true of innate ideas—these also are latent, and brought into consciousness by reflection. But no man can either remember, or elicit, his original holiness and blessedness, because this is not latent and potential, but wholly lost by the fall.—W.G.T.S.] But it believes what the trustworthy Scriptures of its God tell of that blessedness, which were written by His prophet, and tell of the blessedness of Paradise, and hand down to us historical information of that first both good and ill of man. And it remembers the Lord its God; for He always is, nor has been and is not, nor is but has not been; but as He never will not be, so He never was not. And He is whole everywhere. And hence it both lives, and is moved, and is in Him;897    Acts xvii. 28 and so it can remember Him. Not because it recollects the having known Him in Adam or anywhere else before the life of this present body, or when it was first made in order to be implanted in this body; for it remembers nothing at all of all this. Whatever there is of this, it has been blotted out by forgetfulness. But it is reminded, that it may be turned to God, as though to that light by which it was in some way touched, even when turned away from Him. For hence it is that even the ungodly think of eternity, and rightly blame and rightly praise many things in the morals of men. And by what rules do they thus judge, except by those wherein they see how men ought to live, even though they themselves do not so live? And where do they see these rules? For they do not see them in their own [moral] nature; since no doubt these things are to be seen by the mind, and their minds are confessedly changeable, but these rules are seen as unchangeable by him who can see them at all; nor yet in the character of their own mind, since these rules are rules of righteousness, and their minds are confessedly unrighteous. Where indeed are these rules written, wherein even the unrighteous recognizes what is righteous, wherein he discerns that he ought to have what he himself has not? Where, then, are they written, unless in the book of that Light which is called Truth? whence every righteous law is copied and transferred (not by migrating to it, but by being as it were impressed upon it) to the heart of the man that worketh righteousness; as the impression from a ring passes into the wax, yet does not leave the ring. But he who worketh not, and yet sees how he ought to work, he is the man that is turned away from that light, which yet touches him. But he who does not even see how he ought to live, sins indeed with more excuse, because he is not a transgressor of a law that he knows; but even he too is just touched sometimes by the splendor of the everywhere present truth, when upon admonition he confesses.

CAPUT XV.

21. Anima tametsi beatitudinem speret, non tamen reminiscitur beatitudinis amissae, sed Dei reminiscitur et regularum justitiae. Regulae immutabiles bene vivendi, etiam impiis notae. Quod ideo certe non dubitat, quoniam misera est, et beata esse desiderat: nec ob aliud fieri sperat hoc posse, nisi quia est mutabilis. Nam si mutabilis non esset, sicut ex beata misera, sic ex misera beata esse non posset. Et quid eam fecisset miseram sub omnipotente et bono Domino, nisi peccatum suum et justitia Domini sui? Et quid eam faciet beatam, nisi meritum suum 1052 et praemium Domini sui? Sed et meritum ejus gratia est illius, cujus praemium erit beatitudo ejus. Justitiam quippe dare sibi non potest quam perditam non habet. Hanc enim, cum homo conderetur, accepit; et peccando utique perdidit. Accipit ergo justitiam, propter quam beatitudinem accipere mereatur. Unde veraciter ei dicitur ab Apostolo, quasi de suo bono superbire incipienti: Quid enim habes quod non accepisti? Si autem accepisti, quid gloriaris quasi non acceperis (I Cor. IV, 7)? Quando autem bene recordatur Domini sui, Spiritu ejus accepto, sentit omnino, quia hoc discit intimo magisterio, nonnisi ejus gratuito affectu posse se surgere, nonnisi suo voluntario defectu cadere potuisse. Non sane reminiscitur beatitudinis suae: fuit quippe illa et non est, ejusque ista penitus oblita est; ideoque nec commemorari potest. Credit autem de illa fide dignis Litteris Dei sui, per ejus prophetam conscriptis, narrantibus de felicitate paradisi, atque illud primum et bonum hominis et malum historica traditione indicantibus. Domini autem Dei sui reminiscitur. Ille quippe semper est, nec fuit et non est, nec est et non fuit: sed sicut nunquam non erit, ita nunquam non erat. Et ubique totus est: propter quod ista in illo et vivit, et movetur, et est (Act. XVII, 28): et ideo reminisci ejus potest. Non quia hoc recordatur, quod eum noverat in Adam, aut alibi alicubi ante hujus corporis vitam, aut cum primum facta est ut insereretur huic corpori: nihil enim horum omnino reminiscitur; quidquid horum est, oblivione deletum est. Sed commemoratur, ut convertatur ad Dominum, tanquam ad eam lucem qua etiam cum ab illo averteretur quodam modo tangebatur. Nam hinc est quod etiam impii cogitant aeternitatem, et multa recte reprehendunt recteque laudant in hominum moribus. Quibus ea tandem regulis judicant, nisi in quibus vident quemadmodum quisque vivere debeat, etiamsi nec ipsi eodem modo vivant? Ubi eas vident? Neque enim in sua natura, cum procul dubio mente ista videantur, eorumque mentes constet esse mutabiles, has vero regulas immutabiles videat, quisquis in eis et hoc videre potuerit; nec in habitu suae mentis, cum illae regulae sint justitiae, mentes vero eorum constet esse injustas. Ubinam sunt istae regulae scriptae, ubi quid sit justum et injustus agnoscit, ubi cernit habendum esse quod ipse non habet? Ubi ergo scriptae sunt, nisi in libro lucis illius quae veritas dicitur? unde omnis lex justa describitur, et in cor hominis qui operatur justitiam, non migrando, sed tanquam imprimendo transfertur; sicut imago ex annulo et in ceram transit, et annulum non relinquit. Qui vero non operatur, et tamen videt quid operandum sit, ipse est qui ab illa luce avertitur, a qua tamen tangitur. Qui autem nec videt quemadmodum sit vivendum, excusabilius quidem peccat, quia non est transgressor cognitae legis: sed etiam ipse splendore aliquoties ubique praesentis veritatis attingitur, quando admonitus confitetur.