209

says Christ: If any one thirsts, let him come to me, and drink. And what He says is this: I draw no one by necessity or force; but if anyone has much eagerness, if anyone is kindled with desire, him I call. But for what reason did the Evangelist note, that it was On the last, the great day? For both the first and the last were great; for the days in between they spent more in luxury. For what reason then does he say, On the last day? Because on it all were gathered together. For on the first day He was not present, and He told the reason to his brothers. But neither on the second nor on the third does he say anything of the sort, so that what was said would not be forgotten, as they were about to go into luxury. But on the last day, when they were returning home, he gives them provisions for salvation, and cries out; on the one hand, showing his boldness; on the other hand, because of the great crowd, and making clear that He was discoursing concerning the spiritual drink, he adds: He that believes on me, as the Scripture has said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. Here by belly he means the heart, just as he says elsewhere: And your law in the midst of my belly. And where did the Scripture say, that Out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water? Nowhere. What then is, He that believes on me, as the Scripture has said? Here one must place a pause, so that the phrase Out of his belly shall flow rivers may be of His own declaration. For since many were saying, This is the Christ; and, When the Christ comes, will he do more signs? he shows that one must have corrected knowledge, and be convinced not so much from the signs as from the Scriptures. Many indeed, even after seeing him work miracles, did not receive him as Christ; but they were about to say that, Do not the Scriptures say that the Christ comes from the seed of David? And these things he turned upside down, wishing to show that he does not flee the proof from these, he sends them back to the Scriptures again. For above he said, Search the Scriptures; and again, It is written in the prophets, And they shall all be taught of God; and, Moses is your accuser; and here, As the Scripture has said, out of his belly shall flow rivers, intimating the abundance and boundlessness of grace. As he says elsewhere: a well of water springing up into eternal life; that is, he shall have much grace. Elsewhere, then, he says, Eternal life; but here, 59.284 Living water. And by living he means that which is ever-active. For the grace of the Spirit, when it enters a mind and is established there, gushes forth more than any spring, and does not cease, nor is it emptied, nor does it stand still. Therefore, showing at once the unfailing nature of the supply, and the ineffable nature of its working, he called it a spring and rivers, not one river, but innumerable ones; and there too, he represented the flood by the word springing up. And one might see what is said clearly, if he would consider the wisdom of Stephen, the tongue of Peter, and the force of Paul, how nothing could bear them down, nothing could withstand them; not the rage of peoples, not the uprisings of tyrants, not the plots of demons, not daily deaths; but like rivers borne along with a great rush, so they went on, sweeping away everything. But this he spoke of the Spirit, it says, which they that believe were to receive. For the Holy Spirit was not yet. How then did the prophets prophesy, and work countless miracles? For the apostles did not cast out by the Spirit, but by the authority from him, as he himself says. If I by Beelzebub cast out demons, by whom do your sons cast them out? And this he said, showing that not all cast out by the Spirit before the cross, but by the authority from him. When therefore he was about to send them, then he said, Receive the Holy Spirit; and again, The Holy Spirit came upon them, and then they performed the signs. 2. But when he sent them, he did not say, He gave them the Holy Spirit; but, He gave them authority, saying: Cleanse the lepers, cast out demons, raise the dead: freely you have received, freely give. But in the case of the prophets, it is agreed by all that there was a gift of the Holy Spirit, but this grace was withdrawn and departed, and from

209

φησιν ὁ Χριστός· Εἴ τις διψᾷ, ἐρχέσθω πρός με, καὶ πινέτω. Ὃ δὲ λέγει τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· Οὐδένα ἀνάγκῃ καὶ βίᾳ ἐφέλκομαι· ἀλλ' εἴ τις ἔχει προθυμίαν πολλὴν, εἴ τις ἐκκαίεται τῷ πόθῳ, τοῦτον ἐγὼ καλῶ. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν ἐπεσημήνατο ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὅτι Ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ μεγάλῃ; Καὶ γὰρ ἡ πρώτη καὶ ἡ τελευταία μεγάλη ἦν· τὰς γὰρ μεταξὺ μᾶλλον εἰς τρυφὴν ἀνήλισκον. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν Ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ λέγει; Ὅτι ἐν αὐτῇ πάντες ἦσαν συγκεκροτημένοι. Τῇ μὲν γὰρ πρώτῃ οὐ παρεγένετο, καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν εἶπε πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφούς. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ καὶ τρίτῃ τι τοιοῦτον λέγει, ὥστε μὴ ἐκλυθῆναι τὰ λεγόμενα, μελλόντων αὐτῶν εἰς τρυφὴν ἰέναι. Τῇ δὲ ἐσχάτῃ, ὅτε ἀνεχώρουν οἴκαδε, ἐφόδια αὐτοῖς δίδωσι πρὸς σωτηρίαν, καὶ κράζει· τοῦτο μὲν, τὴν παῤῥησίαν αὐτοῦ ἐμφαίνων· τοῦτο δὲ, διὰ τὸν πολὺν ὄχλον, καὶ δηλῶν ὅτι περὶ τοῦ νοητοῦ διελέγετο πόματος, ἐπάγει· Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ Γραφὴ, ποταμοὶ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος. Κοιλίαν ἐνταῦθα τὴν καρδίαν φησὶ, καθάπερ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ φησι· Καὶ τὸν νόμον σου ἐν μέσῳ τῆς κοιλίας μου. Καὶ ποῦ εἶπεν ἡ Γραφὴ, ὅτι Ποταμοὶ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος; Οὐδαμοῦ. Τί οὖν ἐστιν, Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ Γραφή; Ἐνταῦθα ὑποστίξαι δεῖ, ἵνα ᾖ τὸ Ποταμοὶ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ῥεύσουσι, τῆς αὐτοῦ ἀποφάσεως. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔλεγον πολλοὶ, Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός· καὶ, Ὁ Χριστὸς ὅταν ἔλθῃ, μὴ πλείονα σημεῖα ποιήσει; δείκνυσιν, ὅτι διωρθωμένην δεῖ τὴν γνῶσιν ἔχειν, καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων οὕτως, ὡς ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν πιστεύεσθαι. Πολλοὶ γοῦν αὐτὸν καὶ θαυματουργοῦντα ἰδόντες, οὐχ ὡς Χριστὸν ἐδέχοντο· ἔμελλον δὲ λέγειν, ὅτι Οὐχὶ αἱ Γραφαὶ λέγουσιν, ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματος τοῦ ∆αυῒδ ἔρχεται; Καὶ ταῦτα ἄνω καὶ κάτω ἔστρεφε, δεῖξαι βουλόμενος, ὅτι οὐ φεύγει τὴν διὰ τούτων ἀπόδειξιν, πάλιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς Γραφὰς παραπέμπει. Καὶ γὰρ ἄνω ἔλεγεν, Ἐρευνᾶτε τὰς Γραφάς· καὶ πάλιν, Ἔστι γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις, Καὶ ἔσονται πάντες διδακτοὶ Θεοῦ· καὶ, Μωϋσῆς ὑμῶν κατηγορεῖ· καὶ ἐνταῦθα, Καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ Γραφὴ, ποταμοὶ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ῥεύσουσι, τὸ δαψιλὲς καὶ ἄφθονον τῆς χάριτος αἰνιττόμενος. Ὅπερ ἀλλαχοῦ φησι· Πηγὴ ὕδατος ἁλλομένου εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον· τουτέστι, πολλὴν ἕξει χάριν. Ἀλλαχοῦ μὲν οὖν, Ζωὴν αἰώνιον, λέγει· ἐνταῦθα δὲ, 59.284 Ὕδωρ ζῶν. Ζῶν δὲ λέγει τὸ ἐνεργοῦν ἀεί. Ἡ γὰρ τοῦ Πνεύματος χάρις, ἐπειδὰν εἰς διάνοιαν εἰσέλθῃ καὶ ἱδρυνθῇ, πάσης πηγῆς μᾶλλον ἀναβλύζει, καὶ οὐ διαλιμπάνει, οὐδὲ κενοῦται, οὐδ' ἵσταται. Ὁμοῦ τοίνυν καὶ τὸ ἀνελλιπὲς τῆς χορηγίας δηλῶν, καὶ τὸ ἄφατον τῆς ἐνεργείας, πηγὴν καὶ ποταμοὺς ἐκάλεσεν, οὐχ ἕνα ποταμὸν, ἀλλὰ ἀφάτους· καὶ ἐκεῖ δὲ, τὴν πλημμύραν διὰ τοῦ ἅλλεσθαι παρέστησε. Καὶ ἴδοι τις ἂν τὸ λεγόμενον σαφῶς, εἰ τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ Στεφάνου, εἰ τὴν Πέτρου γλῶτταν, καὶ τὴν Παύλου ῥύμην ἐννοήσειε, πῶς οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς ἔφερεν, οὐδὲν ὑφίστατο· οὐ δήμων θυμὸς, οὐ τυράννων ἐπαναστάσεις, οὐ δαιμόνων ἐπιβουλαὶ, οὐ θάνατοι καθημερινοί· ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ποταμοὶ πολλῷ τῷ ῥοίζῳ φερόμενοι, οὕτω πάντα παρασύροντες ἀπῄεσαν. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε περὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος, φησὶν, οὗ ἔμελλον λαμβάνειν οἱ πιστεύοντες. Οὔπω γὰρ ἦν Πνεῦμα ἅγιον. Πῶς οὖν οἱ προφῆται προεφήτευσαν, καὶ τὰ μυρία εἰργάσαντο θαύματα; Οἱ ἀπόστολοι μὲν γὰρ οὐ Πνεύματι ἐξέβαλον, ἀλλὰ τῇ παρ' αὐτοῦ ἐξουσίᾳ, ὡς αὐτός φησιν. Εἰ ἐγὼ ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια, οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσι; Τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγε, δηλῶν ὅτι οὐ πάντες Πνεύματι ἐξέβαλον πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, ἀλλὰ τῇ παρ' αὐτοῦ ἐξουσίᾳ. Ὅτε γοῦν αὐτοὺς ἔμελλε πέμπειν, τότε ἔλεγε, Λάβετε Πνεῦμα ἅγιον· καὶ πάλιν, Ἦλθεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς Πνεῦμα ἅγιον, καὶ τότε τὰ σημεῖα ἐποίουν. βʹ. Ὅτε δὲ ἔπεμπεν αὐτοὺς, οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς Πνεῦμα ἅγιον· ἀλλ' Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν, λέγων· Λεπροὺς καθαρίζετε, δαιμόνια ἐκβάλλετε, νεκροὺς ἐγείρετε· δωρεὰν ἐλάβετε, δωρεὰν δότε. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν προφητῶν παρὰ πάντων ὡμολόγηται, ὅτι Πνεύματος ἁγίου δόσις ἦν, ἀλλ' ἦν αὕτη ἡ χάρις συσταλεῖσα καὶ ἀποστᾶσα, καὶ ἀπὸ