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Teacher: What shall I do to you, Judah? Do you not know what you will do? I know, but I do not want to; the nature of sins demands it, and the greatness of loving-kindness restrains it. What shall I do to you? Shall I spare you? But you become more slothful. But shall I punish you? But my loving-kindness cannot bear it. What shall I do to you? Shall I make you like Sodom, and shall I overthrow you like Gomorrah? But I am a father, and a tenderly loving father. Knowing, therefore, this loving-kindness, let us not despair, but neither let us be simply slothful; for each of these is destructive. For despair does not allow the one who has fallen to rise; but sloth makes even the one who is standing to fall. The one is wont to deprive of the goods that have been acquired, the other does not allow one to be rid of impending evils; and while contempt brings down from the very heavens, despair leads down into the very abyss of wickedness, just as, therefore, not despairing makes one run up quickly from there. But consider the power of both: The devil was good 63.837 before this; but having become slothful and having despaired, he fell into such great wickedness, as not even to rise again. For that he was good, hear what He says: I saw Satan, like lightning, fall from heaven; and the comparison to lightning shows both the brightness of his former way of life, and the swiftness of his fall. Paul was a blasphemer and a persecutor and an insolent man; but since he was zealous and did not despair, he both rose up and became equal to the angels. Judas was an apostle, but having become slothful he became a traitor. The thief, again, after such great wickedness, since he did not despair, entered into paradise before all others. The Pharisee, being confident, fell from the very height of virtue; the tax collector, not despairing, was so set right as to surpass even him. Do you want me to show you even a whole city that did this? The city of the Ninevites was thus saved, all of it; and yet the sentence cast them into despair. For He did not say that if they repented, they would be saved, but simply, Yet three days, and Nineveh will be overthrown. But nevertheless, with God threatening, and the prophet crying out, and the sentence having no delay or condition, they did not fall away, nor did they betray their good hopes. For this reason He did not add a condition, nor did He say, But if they repent, they will be saved, so that we too, when we hear a sentence of God being delivered without a condition, might not even so despair, looking to that example. For there is no weapon so powerful for the devil as despair. For this reason, we do not please him so much by sinning as by despairing. Hear, at least, in the case of the man who committed fornication, how Paul fears despair more than the sin. For writing to the Corinthians, he said thus: It is actually reported that there is fornication among you, and such fornication as is not dared even among the Gentiles, nor is it even named. For what is unbearable to them even by name, this has been dared by you in deed. And you are puffed up. And he did not say, And that one is puffed up, but leaving aside the one who had sinned, he speaks to those who are well, just as physicians do, leaving the sick, they use more words with their relatives. In another way, these also were the cause of his desperation, by not rebuking, nor chiding. He therefore made the accusation common, so that the healing of the wound might become easy. For it is a terrible thing to sin, but it is much more grievous to also be proud of one's sins. For if to be puffed up over righteousness is the emptying of righteousness, much more when this happens over sins it will bring us extreme harm, and the charge is greater than the sins themselves. For this reason he says: When you have done all things, say, We are unprofitable servants. But if those who do all things ought to be humble, it is much more fitting for the one who has sinned both to mourn and to count himself among the last. Which indeed he was then declaring when he said: And did you not rather mourn? What do you say? Another has sinned, and I shall mourn? Yes, he says; for we are bound to one another in the manner of a body and members; but in the case of the

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διδάσκαλος· Τί σοι ποιήσω, Ἰούδα; Οὐκ οἶδας τί ποιήσεις; Οἶδα, ἀλλ' οὐ βούλομαι· ἀπαιτεῖ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἡ φύσις, καὶ κατέχει τῆς φιλανθρωπίας τὸ μέγεθος. Τί σοι ποιήσω; Φείσομαί σου; ἀλλὰ γίνῃ ῥᾳθυμότερος. Ἀλλ' ἐπεξέλθω σοι; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀνέχεταί μου ἡ φιλανθρωπία. Τί σοι ποιήσω; Ὡς Σόδομα θήσομαί σε, καὶ ὡς Γόμοῤῥα καταστρέψω σε; ἀλλὰ πατήρ εἰμι, καὶ πατὴρ φιλόστοργος. Ταύτην οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν εἰδότες, μὴ ἀπογινώσκωμεν, ἀλλὰ μηδὲ ῥᾳθυμῶμεν ἁπλῶς· ἑκάτερα γὰρ ταῦτα ὀλέθρια. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἀπόγνωσις τὸν κείμενον οὐκ ἀφίησιν ἀναστῆναι· ἡ δὲ ῥᾳθυμία καὶ τὸν ἑστῶτα ποιεῖ καταπεσεῖν. Ἐκείνη τῶν πορισθέντων ἀγαθῶν ἀποστερεῖν εἴωθεν, αὕτη τῶν ἐπικειμένων οὐκ ἀφίησιν ἀπαλλαγῆναι κακῶν· καὶ ἡ μὲν καταφρόνησις ἐξ αὐτῶν καταφέρει τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἡ δὲ ἀπόγνωσις εἰς αὐτὴν κατάγει τῆς κακίας τὴν ἄβυσσον, ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ μὴ ἀπογνῶναι κἀκεῖθεν ταχέως ἀναδραμεῖν ποιεῖ. Σκόπει δὲ ἀμφοτέρων τὴν ἰσχύν· Ὁ διάβολος ἀγαθὸς 63.837 ἦν πρὸ τούτου· ῥᾳθυμήσας δὲ καὶ ἀπογνοὺς ἔπεσεν εἰς τοσαύτην κακίαν, ὡς μηδὲ ἀναστῆναι λοιπόν. Ὅτι γὰρ ἀγαθὸς ἦν, ἄκουσον τί φησιν· Εἶδον τὸν Σατανᾶν, ὡς ἀστραπὴν, ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα· ἡ δὲ τῆς ἀστραπῆς παραβολὴ καὶ τὸ φαιδρὸν τῆς προτέρας δείκνυσιν ἀναστροφῆς, καὶ τὴν τῆς πτώσεως ὀξύτητα. Ὁ Παῦλος βλάσφημος ἦν καὶ διώκτης καὶ ὑβριστής· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐσπούδασε καὶ οὐκ ἀπέγνω, καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων γέγονεν ἴσος. Ὁ Ἰούδας ἀπόστολος ἦν, ἀλλὰ ῥᾳθυμήσας γέγονε προδότης. Ὁ λῃστὴς πάλιν μετὰ τοσαύτην κακίαν ἐπειδὴ μὴ ἀπέγνω, πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων εἰς τὸν παράδεισον εἰσῆλθεν. Ὁ Φαρισαῖος θαῤῥήσας, ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὕψους τῆς ἀρετῆς κατέπεσεν· ὁ τελώνης μὴ ἀπογνοὺς οὕτως ὠρθώθη, ὡς κἀκεῖνον παραδραμεῖν. Βούλει σοι δείξω καὶ πόλιν ὁλόκληρον τοῦτο ποιήσασαν; Ἡ τῶν Νινευϊτῶν πόλις οὕτως ἐσώθη πᾶσα· καίτοι γε ἡ ἀπόφασις εἰς ἀπόγνωσιν αὐτοὺς ἐνέβαλλεν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἐὰν μετανοήσωσι, σωθήσονται, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς, Ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι, καὶ Νινευῒ καταστραφήσεται. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἀπειλοῦντος τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοῦ προφήτου βοῶντος, καὶ τῆς ἀποφάσεως οὐκ ἐχούσης μέλλησιν οὐδὲ διορισμὸν, οὐκ ἀνέπεσον, οὐδὲ τὰς χρηστὰς προέδωκαν ἐλπίδας. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο οὐ προσέθηκε διορισμὸν, οὐδὲ εἶπεν, Ἐὰν δὲ μετανοήσωσι, σωθήσονται, ἵνα καὶ ἡμεῖς ὅταν ἀκούσωμεν ἀποφάσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ φερομένης χωρὶς διορισμοῦ, μηδὲ οὕτως ἀπογνῶμεν, εἰς ἐκεῖνο τὸ ὑπόδειγμα βλέποντες. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἰσχυρὸν ὅπλον τῷ διαβόλῳ, ὡς ἀπόγνωσις. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐχ οὕτως αὐτὸν εὐφραίνομεν ἁμαρτάνοντες, ὡς ἀπογινώσκοντες. Ἄκουσον γοῦν ἐπὶ τοῦ πεπορνευκότος, πῶς τῆς ἁμαρτίας μᾶλλον τὴν ἀπόγνωσιν δέδοικεν ὁ Παῦλος. Γράφων γὰρ Κορινθίοις, οὕτως ἔλεγεν· Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία, καὶ τοιαύτη πορνεία, ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι τολμᾶται, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὀνομάζεται. Ὃ γὰρ μέχρι προσηγορίας ἐκείνοις ἀφόρητον, τοῦτο ὑμῖν ἔργῳ τετόλμηται. Καὶ ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστέ. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Καὶ ἐκεῖνος πεφυσίωται, ἀλλ' ἀφεὶς τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα, τοῖς ὑγιαίνουσι διαλέγεται καθάπερ οἱ ἰατροὶ ποιοῦσιν, ἀφέντες τοὺς κάμνοντας, πρὸς τοὺς προσήκοντας αὐτοῖς πλείονι κέχρηνται λόγῳ. Ἄλλως δὲ, καὶ οὗτοι τῆς ἀπονοίας αἴτιοι ἦσαν αὐτῷ, μὴ ἐπιτιμῶντες, μηδὲ ἐπιπλήττοντες. Ἐκοίνωσε τοίνυν τὸ ἔγκλημα, ἵνα ῥᾳδία γένηται τοῦ τραύματος ἡ θεραπεία. ∆εινὸν μὲν γὰρ τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν, πολλῷ δὲ χαλεπώτερον τὸ καὶ μέγα φρονεῖν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ δικαιοσύνῃ τὸ φυσᾶσθαι κένωσις δικαιοσύνης ἐστὶ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι τοῦτο συμβαῖνον ἐσχάτην οἴσει βλάβην ἡμῖν, καὶ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων αὐτῶν μεῖζον τὸ ἔγκλημά ἐστι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Ὅταν πάντα ποιήσητε, λέγετε, ὅτι Ἀχρεῖοι δοῦλοί ἐσμεν. Εἰ δὲ οἱ πάντα ποιοῦντες ὀφείλουσι συνεστάλθαι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα καὶ θρηνεῖν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ἑαυτὸν ἀριθμεῖν ἄξιον. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ τότε δηλῶν ἔλεγε· Καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε; Τί λέγεις; ἕτερος ἥμαρτε, καὶ ἐγὼ πενθήσω; Ναὶ, φησί· σώματος γὰρ καὶ μελῶν δίκην ἀλλήλοις ἐσμὲν συνδεδεμένοι· ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ