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master. For if He sent them to reap, it is clear that it was not what belonged to others, but what He had sown through the prophets. And not only in this way did He encourage them, by calling their ministry a harvest, but also by making them capable for the ministry. And having called to him, it says, His twelve disciples, He gave them authority over unclean spirits, so as to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every infirmity. And yet the Spirit had not yet been given; For the Spirit was not yet, it says, because Jesus was not yet glorified. How then did they cast out the spirits? By His command, by His authority. But consider with me also the timeliness of their mission. For He did not send them out from the very beginning, but when they had sufficiently enjoyed following Him, and had seen a dead man raised, and the sea rebuked, and demons driven out, and a paralytic made strong, and sins forgiven, and a leper cleansed, and had received sufficient proof of His power, both by deeds and by words, then He sends them out; and not into dangerous matters (for there was as yet no danger in Palestine), but they had only to stand against slander. Nevertheless, He also foretells this to them, the matter concerning the dangers, preparing them even before the time, and making them ready for the contest by the constant foretelling of these things. Then, since he has told us of two pairs of apostles, that of Peter and John, and after them showed Matthew being called, but concerning the calling and naming of the other apostles he has told us nothing, here he necessarily gives their list and their number, and makes their names known, saying thus: The names of the twelve apostles are these: First, Simon, who is called Peter. For there was another Simon, the Cananite; and Judas Iscariot, and Judas the son of James; and James the son of Alphaeus, and James the son of Zebedee. Mark, then, lists them also according to their rank; for after the two leaders he then numbers Andrew; but this one does not do so, but indifferently, but rather even places Thomas, who was much inferior to himself, before himself. But let us see their list from the beginning. First, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother. This too is no small praise; for he named the one from his virtue, and the other from the nobility of his character. Then James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother. Do you see how he does not list them according to rank? For to me it seems that John is greater not only than the others, but also than his brother. Then, having said, Philip and Bartholomew, he added: Thomas, and Matthew the tax collector. But Luke does not do so; but reverses the order, and places him before Thomas. Then James the son of Alphaeus. For there was, as I said before, also the son of Zebedee. Then, having mentioned Lebbaeus, who was surnamed Thaddaeus, and Simon the Zealot, whom he also calls the Cananite, he comes to the traitor; and not as some enemy and foe, but as one writing history he narrated it thus. He did not say, The abominable and utterly abominable one, but he called him from his city, Judas Isca 57.381 riot. For there was also another Judas, Lebbaeus, surnamed Thaddaeus, whom Luke says was the son of James, saying, Judas of James. Therefore distinguishing him from this one, he says: Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed Him. And he is not ashamed to say: Who also betrayed Him. Thus they never concealed anything, not even things that seemed to be shameful. But first of all and chief, the unlettered, the common man. But let us see where and to whom He sends them. These twelve, it says, Jesus sent out. Which twelve? The fishermen, the tax collectors; for there were four fishermen, and two tax collectors, Matthew and James; and one was also a traitor. And what does He say to them? Immediately He commands them, saying: Do not go into the way of the Gentiles, and do not enter a city of the Samaritans; but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. For do not suppose, He says, that because they insult Me, and call Me demon-possessed, that I hate them

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δεσπότης. Εἰ γὰρ θερίζειν ἔπεμψε, δῆλον ὅτι οὐ τὰ ἀλλότρια, ἀλλ' ἃ διὰ τῶν προφητῶν ἔσπειρεν. Οὐ ταύτῃ δὲ αὐτοὺς μόνον παρεθάῤῥυνε, τῷ θερισμὸν καλέσαι τὴν αὐτῶν διακονίαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ ποιῆσαι δυνατοὺς πρὸς τὴν διακονίαν. Καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος, φησὶ, τοὺς δώδεκα μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων, ὥστε ἐκβάλλειν αὐτὰ, καὶ θεραπεύειν πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν. Καίτοι οὔπω ἦν Πνεῦμα δεδομένον· Οὔπω γὰρ ἦν, φησὶ, Πνεῦμα, ἐπειδὴ Ἰησοῦς οὐδέπω ἐδοξάσθη. Πῶς οὖν ἐξέβαλλον τὰ πνεύματα; Ἀπὸ τῆς ἐπιταγῆς τῆς αὐτοῦ, ἀπὸ τῆς ἐξουσίας. Σκόπει δέ μοι καὶ τὸ εὔκαιρον τῆς ἀποστολῆς. Οὐ γὰρ ἐκ προοιμίων αὐτοὺς ἔπεμψεν, ἀλλ' ὅτε ἱκανῶς τῆς ἀκολουθήσεως ἦσαν ἀπολελαυκότες, καὶ εἶδον καὶ νεκρὸν ἐγερθέντα, καὶ θάλατταν ἐπιτιμηθεῖσαν, καὶ δαίμονας ἐλαθέντας, καὶ παραλυτικὸν σφιγέντα, καὶ ἁμαρτήματα λυθέντα, καὶ λεπρὸν καθαρθέντα, καὶ ἀρκοῦσαν αὐτοῦ τῆς δυνάμεως ἔλαβον ἀπόδειξιν, καὶ δι' ἔργων καὶ διὰ λόγων, τότε αὐτοὺς ἐκπέμπει· καὶ οὐκ εἰς ἐπικίνδυνα πράγματα (οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ τέως κίνδυνος ἦν), ἀλλὰ πρὸς κακηγορίας ἔδει ἵστασθαι μόνον. Πλὴν καὶ τοῦτο αὐτοῖς προλέγει, τὸ περὶ τῶν κινδύνων, προπαρασκευάζων αὐτοὺς καὶ πρὸ τοῦ καιροῦ, καὶ ἐναγωνίους ποιῶν τῇ συνεχεῖ περὶ τούτων προῤῥήσει. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ δύο συζυγίας εἶπεν ἡμῖν ἀποστόλων, τὴν Πέτρου καὶ Ἰωάννου, καὶ μετ' ἐκείνας τὸν Ματθαῖον ἔδειξε κληθέντα, περὶ δὲ τῆς τῶν ἄλλων ἀποστόλων κλήσεώς τε καὶ προσηγορίας οὐδὲν ἡμῖν διελέχθη, ἐνταῦθα ἀναγκαίως τὸν κατάλογον αὐτῶν καὶ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τίθησι, καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα δῆλα ποιεῖ, λέγων οὕτως· Τῶν δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστι ταῦτα· Πρῶτος, Σίμων ὁ λεγόμενος Πέτρος. Καὶ γὰρ ἕτερος Σίμων ἦν, ὁ Κανανίτης· καὶ Ἰούδας ὁ Ἰσκαριώτης, καὶ Ἰούδας ὁ Ἰακώβου· καιἸάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ἀλφαίου, καὶ Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου.Ὁ μὲν οὖν Μάρκος καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν αὐτοὺς τίθησι· μετὰ γὰρ τοὺς δύο κορυφαίους τότε τὸν Ἀνδρέαν ἀριθμεῖ· οὗτος δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ἀδιαφόρως, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ Θωμᾶν τὸν πολὺ καταδεέστερον ἑαυτοῦ προτίθησιν. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν αὐτῶν ἄνωθεν τὸν κατάλογον. Πρῶτος, Σίμων ὁ λεγόμενος Πέτρος, καὶ Ἀνδρέας ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ. Οὐ μικρὸν καὶ τοῦτο ἐγκώμιον· τὸν μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρετῆς, τὸν δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς εὐγενείας τῆς κατὰ τὸν τρόπον ὠνόμασεν. Εἶτα Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου, καὶ Ἰωάννης ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς οὐ κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν τίθησιν; Ἐμοὶ γὰρ δοκεῖ ὁ Ἰωάννης οὐχὶ τῶν ἄλλων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μείζων εἶναι. Εἶτα εἰπὼν, Φίλιππος καὶ Βαρθολομαῖος, ἐπήγαγε· Θωμᾶς, καὶ Ματθαῖος ὁ τελώνης. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ Λουκᾶς οὕτως· ἀλλ' ἀντιστρόφως, καὶ προτίθησιν αὐτὸν τοῦ Θωμᾶ, Εἶτα Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ἀλφαίου. Ἦν γὰρ, ὡς ἔφθην ειπὼν, καὶ ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου. Εἶτα εἰπὼν Λεββαῖον τὸν ἐπικληθέντα Θαδδαῖον, καὶ Σίμωνα τὸν ζηλωτὴν, ὃν καὶ Κανανίτην καλεῖ, ἐπὶ τὸν προδότην ἔρχεται· καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἐχθρός τις καὶ πολέμιος, ἀλλ' ὡς ἱστορίαν γράφων οὕτω διηγήσατο. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ὁ μιαρὸς καὶ παμμίαρος, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως αὐτὸν ἐκάλεσεν, Ἰούδας ὁ Ἰσκα 57.381 ριώτης. Ἦν γὰρ καὶ ἕτερος Ἰούδας ὁ Λεββαῖος, ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς Θαδδαῖος, ὃν Ἰακώβου φησὶν ὁ Λουκᾶς εἶναι λέγων, Ἰούδας Ἰακώβου. Ἀπὸ τούτου τοίνυν διαιρῶναὐτὸν, φησίν· Ἰούδας ὁ Ἰσκαριώτης, ὁ καὶ παραδοὺς αὐτόν. Καὶ οὐκ αἰσχύνεται λέγων· Ὁ καὶ παραδοὺς αὐτόν. Οὕτως οὐδὲν οὐδέποτε οὐδὲ τῶν δοκούντων ἐπονειδίστων εἶναι ἀπέκρυπτον. Πρῶτος δὲ πάντων καὶ κορυφαῖος, ὁ ἀγράμματος, ὁ ἰδιώτης. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν ποῦ καὶ πρὸς τίνας αὐτοὺς πέμπει. Τούτους τοὺς δώδεκα, φησὶν, ἀπέστειλεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς. Ποίους τούτους; Τοὺς ἁλιέας, τοὺς τελώνας· καὶ γὰρ τέσσαρες ἦσαν ἁλιεῖς, καὶ δύο τελῶναι, Ματθαῖος καὶ Ἰάκωβος· ὁ δὲ εἷς καὶ προδότης. Καὶ τί πρὸς αὐτούς φησιν; Εὐθέως παραγγέλλει αὐτοῖς λέγων· Εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε, καὶ εἰς πόλιν Σαμαρειτῶν μὴ εἰσέλθητε· πορεύεσθε δὲ μᾶλλον πρὸς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ. Μὴ γὰρ δὴ νομίσητε, φησὶν, ἐπειδή με ὑβρίζουσι, καὶ δαιμονῶντα καλοῦσιν, ὅτι μισῶ αὐτοὺς