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he acted, but also in what he said, he was a certain varied and versatile man; not changing his mind, nor becoming one thing after another, but remaining what he was, and handling each of the things spoken according to the present need. For this very reason, one would not be wrong in calling Paul's soul a meadow of virtues and a spiritual paradise; so much did it flourish with grace, and it showed the philosophy of his soul to be worthy of that grace. For since he became a chosen vessel, and had thoroughly cleansed himself, the abundant gift of the Spirit was poured out upon him; from whence he brought forth for us marvelous rivers, not like the spring of paradise, only four, but many more flowing each day, not watering the earth, but stirring up the souls of men to the fruit-bearing of virtue. But lest you hear from our tongue the achievements of this blessed man, and the courage which he showed each day for the preaching of piety, it is necessary to hear him speaking. For when he was compelled by the deceit of the false apostles to recount his own deeds, he began thus after saying many other things: Are they ministers of Christ? I speak as a fool, I am more. In labors more abundant, in stripes beyond measure, in prisons more frequently, in deaths often. from the Jews five times I received forty stripes save one, three times I was beaten with rods, once I was stoned, three times I was shipwrecked, a night and a day I have been in the deep; in journeys often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils of my own countrymen, in perils of the Gentiles, in perils among false brethren, in perils in the city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea; in weariness and toil, in sleeplessness often, in hunger and thirst, in fastings often, in cold and nakedness, besides the other things. And in saying, "Besides the other things," he intimated that the things omitted were likely more than the things mentioned. Then again he says: my daily pressure, the care of all the churches. Have you seen the breadth of his soul? Have you seen the greatness of his mind? For as much of the earth as the sun traverses sending forth its own rays, so great a care and concern did this blessed man have. Wherefore he also said: Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who is made to stumble, and I do not burn? Oh! How great was the tender affection of this man! How great his watchfulness! How great his care! What mother's heart is so rent, when her child has a fever and lies on its bed, as this blessed man was weaker on behalf of those who were weak in every place, and burned on behalf of those who were made to stumble? What speech then will suffice for his achievements? Or what tongue will be able to reach his praises? For when one soul possesses all the good things among men combined, and all with excess, and not only those of men, but also those of angels, how shall we encompass the greatness of his praises? Yet we will not be silent for this reason, but for this very reason we will speak all the more. For this too is the greatest form of praise, that the greatness of his achievements surpasses with all abundance the facility of speech, and this defeat is more glorious for us than ten thousand trophies. From where, then, is it opportune to take up his praises? From where else, than by showing first that he possessed the good things of all? For whether prophets showed something noble, or patriarchs, or righteous men, or apostles, or martyrs, he possesses all these things gathered together with such excess, that none of them possessed the good which each one had to the same degree. But consider: Abel offered a sacrifice, and from this is proclaimed; but if you bring Paul's sacrifice into the midst, it is shown to be as much better than that one as heaven is than the earth. Which one then would you have me speak of? For it is not only one. For he sacrificed himself each day; and he made this offering double again, on the one hand, by dying each day, and on the other, by carrying about in his body the dying. For he was continually drawn up for battle against dangers, and was slaughtered by the

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ἔπραττεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν οἷς ἔλεγε, ποικίλος τις ἦν καὶ παντοδαπός· οὐχὶ μεταβαλλόμενος τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲ ἕτερος ἐξ ἑτέρου γινόμενος, ἀλλὰ μένων ὅπερ ἦν, καὶ τῶν εἰρημένων ἕκαστον πρὸς τὴν παροῦσαν μεταχειρίζων χρείαν. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο οὐκ ἄν τις ἁμάρτοι λειμῶνα ἀρετῶν καὶ παράδεισον πνευματικὸν καλέσας τὴν Παύλου ψυχήν· οὕτω πολλῇ μὲν ἤνθει τῇ χάριτι, ἀξίαν δὲ τῆς χάριτος ἐπεδείκνυτο τὴν φιλοσοφίαν τῆς ψυχῆς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς γέγονε, καὶ καλῶς ἑαυτὸν ἐξεκάθηρε, δαψιλὴς ἡ τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐξεχύθη εἰς αὐτὸν δωρεά· ὅθεν ἡμῖν καὶ τοὺς θαυμαστοὺς ἔτεκε ποταμοὺς, οὐ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ παραδείσου πηγὴν, τέσσαρας μόνους, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ πλείους καθ' ἑκάστην ῥέοντας τὴν ἡμέραν, οὐ τὴν γῆν ἄρδοντας, ἀλλὰ τὰς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ψυχὰς εἰς καρπογονίαν ἀρετῆς διεγείροντας. Ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ παρὰ τῆς ἡμετέρας γλώττης ἀκούητε τὰ παρὰ τοῦ μακαρίου τούτου κατορθώματα, καὶ τὴν ἀνδρείαν, ἣν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κηρύγματος τῆς εὐσεβείας καθ' ἑκάστην ἐπεδείκνυτο, ἀναγκαῖον αὐτοῦ ἀκοῦσαι λέγοντος. Ἡνίκα γὰρ εἰς ἀνάγκην κατέστη διὰ τὴν τῶν ψευδαποστόλων ἀπάτην τὰ ἑαυτοῦ διηγεῖσθαι, οὕτω πως ἤρξατο μετὰ τὸ πολλὰ ἕτερα εἰπεῖν· ∆ιάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσι; παραφρονῶν λαλῶ, ὑπὲρ ἐγώ· ἐν κόποις περισσοτέρως, ἐν πληγαῖς ὑπερβαλλόντως, ἐν φυλακαῖς περισσοτέρως, ἐν θανάτοις πολλάκις· ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων πεντάκις τεσσαράκοντα παρὰ μίαν ἔλα 63.842 βον, τρὶς ἐῤῥαβδίσθην, ἅπαξ ἐλιθάσθην, τρὶς ἐναυάγησα, νυχθήμερον ἐν τῷ βυθῷ πεποίηκα· ὁδοιπορίαις πολλάκις, κινδύνοις ποταμῶν, κινδύνοις λῃστῶν, κινδύνοις ἐκ γένους, κινδύνοις ἐξ ἐθνῶν, κινδύνοις ἐν ψευδαδέλφοις, κινδύνοις ἐν πόλεσι, κινδύνοις ἐν ἐρημίᾳ, κινδύνοις ἐν θαλάσσῃ· ἐν κόπῳ καὶ μόχθῳ, ἐν ἀγρυπνίαις πολλάκις, ἐν λιμῷ καὶ δίψῃ, ἐν νηστείαις πολλάκις, ἐν ψύχει καὶ γυμνότητι, χωρὶς τῶν παρεκτός. Εἰπὼν δὲ, Χωρὶς τῶν παρεκτὸς, ᾐνίξατο, ὅτι τὰ παραλειφθέντα πλείονα εἰκὸς εἶναι τῶν εἰρημένων. Εἶτα πάλιν φησίν· Ἡ ἐπισύστασίς μου ἡ καθ' ἡμέραν, ἡ μέριμνα πασῶν τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν. Εἶδες πλάτος ψυχῆς; εἶδες διανοίας μέγεθος; Ὅσην γὰρ ὁ ἥλιος διατρέχει γῆν τὰς οἰκείας ἀκτῖνας ἀφιεὶς, τοσαύτην καὶ ὁ μακάριος οὗτος εἶχε τὴν μέριμναν καὶ τὴν φροντίδα. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἔλεγε· Τίς ἀσθενεῖ, καὶ οὐκ ἀσθενῶ; τίς σκανδαλίζεται, καὶ οὐκ ἐγὼ πυροῦμαι; Βαβαί! πόση τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τούτου ἡ φιλοστοργία! πόση ἡ ἀγρυπνία! πόση ἡ μέριμνα! ποία μήτηρ οὕτω διακόπτεται τὰ σπλάγχνα, τοῦ παιδὸς αὐτῆς πυρέττοντος καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κλίνης κειμένου, ὡς ὁ μακάριος οὗτος ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐν ἑκάστῳ τόπῳ ἀσθενούντων μᾶλλον ἠσθένει, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν σκανδαλιζομένων ἐπυροῦτο; Τίς οὖν ἀρκέσει λόγος τοῖς τούτου κατορθώμασιν; ἢ ποία δυνήσεται γλῶσσα ἐφικέσθαι τῶν ἐγκωμίων τῶν ἐκείνου; Ὅταν γὰρ ἅπαντα τὰ ἐν ἀνθρώποις καλὰ συλλαβοῦσα ἔχῃ ψυχὴ μία, καὶ πάντα μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς, οὐ μόνον δὲ τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων, πῶς περιεσόμεθα τοῦ μεγέθους τῶν ἐγκωμίων; Οὐ μὴν διὰ τοῦτο σιγήσομεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο μάλιστα ἐροῦμεν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο ἐγκωμίου μέγιστον εἶδος, τὸ νικᾷν τῶν κατορθωμάτων τὸ μέγεθος μετὰ πάσης περιουσίας τοῦ λόγου τὴν εὐκολίαν, καὶ ἡ ἧττα μυρίων ἡμῖν ἐστι λαμπροτέρα τροπαίων. Πόθεν οὖν εὔκαιρον ἅψασθαι τῶν ἐγκωμίων; πόθεν δὲ ἄλλοθεν, ἢ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ πρώτου δεῖξαι τὰ πάντων ἔχοντα ἀγαθά; Εἴτε γὰρ προφῆται ἐπεδείξαντό τι γενναῖον, εἴτε πατριάρχαι, εἴτε δίκαιοι, εἴτε ἀπόστολοι, εἴτε μάρτυρες, πάντα ταῦτα ὁμοῦ συλλαβὼν ἔχει μετὰ τοσαύτης ὑπερβολῆς, μεθ' ὅσης οὐδεὶς ἐκείνων, ὅπερ ἕκαστος εἶχε καλὸν, ἐκέκτητο. Σκόπει δέ· Προσήνεγκεν Ἄβελ θυσίαν, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἀνακηρύττεται· ἀλλ' ἐὰν τὴν Παύλου θυσίαν εἰς μέσον ἀγάγῃς, τοσοῦτον δείκνυται βελτίων ἐκείνης, ὅσον τῆς γῆς ὁ οὐρανός. Ποίαν οὖν βούλεσθε εἴπω; οὐδὲ γὰρ μία μόνον ἐστί. Καὶ γὰρ ἑαυτὸν καθ' ἑκάστην κατέθυε τὴν ἡμέραν· καὶ ταύτην πάλιν διπλῆν ἐποίει τὴν προσφορὰν, τοῦτο μὲν, καθ' ἑκάστην ἀποθνήσκων, τοῦτο δὲ, τὴν νέκρωσιν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ περιφέρων. Καὶ γὰρ πρὸς κινδύνους διηνεκῶς παρετάττετο, καὶ ἐσφάττετο τῇ