227

the holy apostles prophesied. First, then, when the Savior was ascending into heaven, 2.230 those who saw the two men in white apparel did not see them in a state of shock, but heard with a sound mind that, “Men of Galilee, why do you stand gazing up into heaven? This Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will come in the same way” and so forth. Then also Peter, as I said, seeing and hearing and answering and saying, “By no means, Lord,” was sound in mind. For Agabus, prophesying, spoke and enigmatically gestured in a remarkable way; taking Paul’s belt and binding his own feet, he says, “This man whose belt this is, they will bind and carry off to Jerusalem.” But again, in Antioch, prophets came down and announced that there would be a famine over the whole world. And their word did not fail; but to show them to be true prophets, the scripture immediately adds, saying, “which took place in the days of Claudius Caesar.” And Paul, the most holy apostle, prophesying, said, “Now the Spirit expressly says, in latter days difficult times will come,” and so forth, and again at another time that “some will depart from the sound teaching, giving heed to deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons, forbidding to marry and commanding to abstain from foods which God created to be received by us with thanksgiving.” That this has been clearly fulfilled in you and those like you is evident from what has been set forth; for most of these heresies forbid marriage and command abstinence from foods, not exhorting for the sake of a way of life, not for the sake of greater virtue and prizes and crowns, but considering these things created by the Lord to be abominable. 9. But the holy church both glorifies virginity and praises singleness and purity and widowhood, and honors and accepts honorable marriage, but forbids fornication and adultery and licentiousness, from which it is possible to see 2.231 the character of the holy catholic church and the counterfeit ways of others, so that one who has examined it is disposed to flee from every error and crooked road and steep path. For I said above that it was foretold by the most holy apostle, and I will say it again, that securing us and distinguishing the character of the holy church from the error of the heresies, he said that they legislate by boldly forbidding the things well-ordered by God, saying this about those who forbid marriage and abstinence from foods. For indeed with a certain moderation * God the Word, saying in the gospel, “Do you wish to be perfect?,” being indulgent to the constitution and weakness of men, rejoices in those who are able to demonstrate the proofs of godliness and choose to practice virginity and purity and continence, but honors monogamy; although he especially prefigured for the world the gifts of the priesthood through those who are continent from monogamy and those who continue in virginity, just as his apostles also arranged the ecclesiastical canon of the priesthood in an orderly and holy manner. But if someone, due to weakness, should need after the death of his own wife to be joined in a second marriage, the canon of truth does not forbid this, that is, for one who is not a priest. But these forbid it according to what was said, “forbidding to marry”; for they cast out one joined in a second marriage and compel them not to be joined in a second marriage. But we do not impose a necessity, but we exhort with good coun2.232 sel, encouraging the one who is able, but we do not impose a necessity on the one who is not able, nor do we cast him out from life. For the holy word everywhere proclaimed to bear the weakness of the weak, just as the holy apostle will be found immediately saying and rebuking such persons * who do not have the same gift, that “Refuse younger widows; for after they have grown wanton against Christ

227

ἅγιοι ἀπόστολοι προεφήτευσαν. πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἀνερχομένου τοῦ σωτῆρος εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 2.230 οἱ ἰδόντες τοὺς δύο τοὺς ἐν ἐσθήσεσι λευκαῖς οὐκ ἐν παραπληξίᾳ ὁρῶσιν, ἀλλὰ ἤκουον ἐρρωμένῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ ὅτι «ἄνδρες Γαλιλαῖοι, τί ἑστήκατε εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀτενίζοντες; οὗτος ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὁ ἀφ' ὑμῶν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀναληφθεὶς οὕτως ἐλεύσεται» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. εἶτα δὲ καὶ Πέτρος, ὡς ἔφην, ὁρῶν καὶ ἀκούων καὶ ἀποκρινόμενος καὶ λέγων «μηδαμῶς, κύριε», εὐσταθῶν ἦν τῇ διανοίᾳ. Ἄγαβος γὰρ προφητεύων ἔλεγεν καὶ μετὰ σχήματος θαυμαστοῦ αἰνιττόμενος, λαβὼν τὴν ζώνην τοῦ Παύλου καὶ δήσας τοῖς ἰδίοις ποσὶν φησίν «οὗτος οὗ ἐστιν ἡ ζώνη αὕτη, δήσουσιν αὐτὸν καὶ ἀποίσουσιν εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ». ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλιν ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατῆλθον προφῆται καὶ κατήγγελλον λιμὸν ἔσεσθαι καθ' ὅλης τῆς οἰκουμένης. καὶ οὐ διέπεσεν ὁ τούτων λόγος· ἀλλ' ἵνα δείξῃ αὐτοὺς ἀληθεῖς προφήτας, ἡ γραφὴ εὐθὺς ἐπιφέρει λέγουσα «ἥτις ἐγένετο ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος». Παῦλος δὲ ὁ ἁγιώτατος ἀπόστολος προφητεύων ἔλεγε «τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ῥητῶς λέγει, ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, καὶ πάλιν ἄλλοτε ὅτι «ἀποστήσονταί τινες τῆς ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας, προσέχοντες πνεύμασι πλάνοις καὶ διδασκαλίαις δαιμόνων, κωλυόντων γαμεῖν, ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων, ἃ ὁ θεὸς ἔκτισεν εἰς μετάληψιν ἡμῖν τοῖς μετὰ εὐχαριστίας λαμβάνουσιν». ὡς σαφῶς τοῦτο ἐφ' ὑμῖν καὶ τοῖς ὁμοίοις ὑμῖν πεπλήρωται, ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν προκειμένων δῆλον· αἱ γὰρ πλείους τῶν αἱρέσεων τούτων τὸ γαμεῖν κωλύουσιν, ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων παραγγέλλουσιν, οὐχ ἕνεκεν πολιτείας προτρεπόμενοι, οὐχ ἕνεκεν ἀρετῆς μείζονος καὶ βραβείων καὶ στεφάνων, ἀλλὰ βδελυκτὰ ταῦτα τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου γεγενημένα ἡγούμενοι. 9. Ἡ δὲ ἁγία ἐκκλησία καὶ παρθενίαν δοξάζει καὶ μονότητα καὶ ἁγνείαν καὶ χηροσύνην ἐπαινεῖ καὶ γάμον σεμνὸν τιμᾷ καὶ δέχεται, πορνείαν δὲ καὶ μοιχείαν καὶ ἀσέλγειαν ἀπαγορεύει, ὅθεν ἰδεῖν ἔστιν 2.231 τὸν χαρακτῆρα τῆς ἁγίας καθολικῆς ἐκκλησίας καὶ τοὺς παραπεποιημένους τῶν ἄλλων τρόπους, ὡς καὶ τὸν δοκιμάσαντα ἀποδιδράσκειν ἀπὸ πάσης πλάνης καὶ σκολιᾶς ὁδοῦ καὶ τρίβου ἀνάντου διακειμένης. ἔφην γὰρ ἄνω ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγιωτάτου ἀποστόλου προείρηται καὶ πάλιν ἐρῶ, ὅτι ἀσφαλιζόμενος ἡμᾶς καὶ τὸν χαρακτῆρα τῆς ἁγίας ἐκκλησίας διαιρῶν ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν αἱρέσεων πλάνης ἔφη, ὡς τολμηρῶς τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ καλῶς τεταγμένα ἀπαγορεύοντες νομοθετοῦσι, φήσας περὶ τῶν κωλυόντων γαμεῖν καὶ ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων. καὶ γὰρ συμμετρίᾳ τινὶ * ὁ θεὸς Λόγος ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ φήσας «θέλεις τέλειος γενέσθαι;», συγγνωμονῶν τῇ τῶν ἀνθρώπων πλάσει καὶ ἀσθενείᾳ χαίρει μὲν ἐπὶ τοῖς τὰ δοκίμια τῆς θεοσεβείας δυναμένοις ἐνδείκνυσθαι καὶ παρθενίαν ἀσκεῖν αἱρουμένοις καὶ ἁγνείαν καὶ ἐγκράτειαν, τὴν δὲ μονογαμίαν τιμᾷ· εἰ καὶ μάλιστα τὰ χαρίσματα τῆς ἱερωσύνης διὰ τῶν ἀπὸ μονογαμίας ἐγκρατευομένων καὶ τῶν ἐν παρθενίᾳ διατελούντων τῷ κόσμῳ προδιετύπου, ὡς καὶ οἱ αὐτοῦ ἀπόστολοι τὸν ἐκκλησιαστικὸν κανόνα τῆς ἱερωσύνης εὐτάκτως καὶ ὁσίως διετάξαντο. εἰ δέ τις κατὰ ἀσθένειαν ἐπιδεηθείη μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν τῆς ἰδίας γαμετῆς συναφθῆναι δευτέρῳ γάμῳ, οὐκ ἀπαγορεύει τοῦτο ὁ κανὼν τῆς ἀληθείας, τουτέστιν τὸν μὴ ὄντα ἱερέα. οὗτοι δὲ κωλύουσι κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον «κωλυόντων γαμεῖν»· ἐκβάλλουσι γὰρ τὸν δευτέρῳ γάμῳ συναφθέντα καὶ ἀναγκάζουσι μὴ δευτέρῳ γάμῳ συνάπτεσθαι. ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἀνάγκην ἐπιτιθέαμεν, ἀλλὰ παραινοῦμεν μετὰ συμβου2.232 λίας ἀγαθῆς προτρεπόμενοι τὸν δυνάμενον, οὐκ ἀνάγκην δὲ ἐπιτιθέαμεν τῷ μὴ δυναμένῳ, ἀλλὰ οὐδὲ ἐκβάλλομεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ζωῆς. ὁ γὰρ ἅγιος λόγος πάντῃ ἐκήρυξε τὴν ἀσθένειαν τῶν ἀσθενούντων βαστάζειν, ὡς καὶ ὁ ἅγιος ἀπόστολος εὐθὺς εὑρεθήσεται λέγων καὶ ἐλέγχων τοὺς τοιούτους * μὴ ὄντας τοῦ αὐτοῦ χαρίσματος ὅτι «νεωτέρας χήρας παραιτοῦ· μετὰ γὰρ τὸ καταστρηνιάσαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ