231

you fear punishment, fear that one which is much more grievous. Do you see how again He does not promise them deliverance from death, but allows them to die, granting a greater favor than if He had not permitted them to suffer this? For to persuade to despise death is much greater than to deliver from death. Therefore, He does not cast them into dangers, but makes them superior to dangers, and in a short word He fixes in them the doctrines concerning the immortality of the soul; and having planted a saving doctrine in two or three phrases, He also comforts them with other reasonings. For lest they should think, when being killed and slaughtered, that they suffer this because they are forsaken, He again introduces the discourse concerning the providence of God, saying thus: Are not two sparrows sold for an assa 57.401 rion? And one of them shall not fall into a snare without your Father who is in heaven. But of you, even the hairs of your head are all numbered. For what is more insignificant than they are? he says. But yet not even they will be caught without God knowing. For He does not say this, that it falls through His action; for this is unworthy of God; but that what happens does not escape His notice. If, therefore, He is ignorant of nothing that happens, and loves you more truly than a father, and loves you so much as to have even numbered your hairs, you should not be afraid. And He said this, not that God numbers the hairs, but that He might show His exact knowledge and His great providence concerning them. If, therefore, He both knows all that happens, and is able to save you, and is willing, whatever you may suffer, do not think you suffer it because you are forsaken. For He does not wish to deliver you from dreadful things, but to persuade you to despise dreadful things; since this is most of all a deliverance from dreadful things. Therefore, do not be afraid; you are of more value than many sparrows. Do you see how He has already mastered their fear? For He knew the secrets of their mind; for this reason He added, Therefore, do not fear them. For even if they prevail, they will prevail over the lesser part, I mean the body; which, even if they do not kill it, nature will surely take and depart. 3. So that they have not become masters even of this, but they have it from nature. But if you fear this, you ought much more to fear the greater thing, and to fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna. And He does not now say openly that He Himself is the one who is able to destroy both soul and body; but He has revealed it by what He declared before, that He Himself is the judge. But now the opposite happens. For we do not fear the one who is able to destroy the soul, that is, to punish it; but we shudder at those who kill the body. And yet He punishes the body along with the soul; but they are not able to punish not only the soul, but not even the body, even if they punish it ten thousand times; but rather they make it more glorious by doing so. Have you seen how He shows the contests to be easy? For indeed death greatly shook their soul, for the time breathing terror, since it had not yet become easy to conquer, nor had those who were to despise it enjoyed the grace of the Spirit. Having cast out, therefore, the fear and the agony that was shaking their soul, He encourages them again by what follows, casting out fear by fear, and not by fear only, but also by the hope of great prizes; and He threatens with much authority, urging them from both sides to boldness for the truth, and adds, saying: Therefore, everyone who confesses in Me before men, I also will confess in him before My Father who is in heaven; but whoever denies Me before men, I also will deny him before My Father who is in heaven. For not only from good things, but also from their opposites He impels, and concludes with somber things. And observe the precision. He did not say, "Me," but, "in Me," showing that it is not by his own power, but being helped by grace from above that he who confesses, confesses. But concerning the one who denies, He did not say, 57.402 "in Me," but, "Me;" for being deprived of the gift, he denies in this way. For what reason then is he accused, he says, if being forsaken he denies? Because being forsaken comes from the one himself

231

δέδοικας κόλασιν, ἐκείνην φοβοῦ τὴν πολλῷ χαλεπωτέραν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς πάλιν οὐκ ἐπαγγέλλεται αὐτοῖς ἀπαλλαγὴν θανάτου, ἀλλ' ἀφίησιν ἀποθανεῖν, μείζονα χαριζόμενος ἢ εἰ μὴ συνεχώρησε τοῦτο παθεῖν; Τοῦ γὰρ ἀπαλλάξαι θανάτου τὸ πεῖσαι καταφρονεῖν θανάτου πολλῷ μεῖζόν ἐστιν. Οὐ τοίνυν εἰς κινδύνους ἐμβάλλει αὐτοὺς, ἀλλ' ἀνωτέρους ποιεῖ κινδύνων, καὶ ἐν βραχεῖ λόγῳ τὰ περὶ ἀθανασίας ψυχῆς ἐν αὐτοῖς πήγνυσι δόγματα· καὶ ἐν δύο καὶ τρισὶ λέξεσι δόγμα σωτήριον καταφυτεύσας, καὶ ἀπὸ λογισμῶν αὐτοὺς ἑτέρων παραμυθεῖται. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσωσιν ἀναιρούμενοι καὶ σφαττόμενοι, ὡς ἐγκαταλιμπανόμενοι τοῦτο πάσχειν, πάλιν τὸν περὶ τῆς προνοίας τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσάγει λόγον, οὕτω λέγων· Οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσα 57.401 ρίου πωλεῖται; καὶ ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐ πεσεῖται εἰς παγίδα ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ὑμῶν δὲ καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς πᾶσαι ἠριθμημέναι εἰσί. Τί γὰρ εὐτελέστερον ἐκείνων· φησίν· ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνα ἁλώσεται, ἀγνοοῦντος τοῦ Θεοῦ, Οὐ γὰρ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι ἐνεργοῦντος αὐτοῦ πίπτει· τοῦτο γὰρ ἀνάξιον Θεοῦ· ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐδὲ αὐτὸν λανθάνει τῶν γινομένων. Εἰ τοίνυν ἀγνοεῖ οὐδὲν τῶν συμβαινόντων, ὑμᾶς δὲ φιλεῖ πατρὸς γνησιώτερον, καὶ οὕτω φιλεῖ, ὡς καὶ τὰς τρίχας ἠριθμηκέναι, οὐ χρὴ δεδοικέναι. Τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν, οὐχ ὅτι τὰς τρίχας ὁ Θεὸς ἀριθμεῖ, ἀλλ' ἵνα τὴν ἀκριβῆ γνῶσιν καὶ τὴν πολλὴν πρόνοιαν τὴν περὶ αὐτοὺς ἐνδείξηται. Εἰ τοίνυν καὶ οἶδε πάντα τὰ γινόμενα, καὶ δύναται σώζειν ὑμᾶς, καὶ βούλεται, ὅσα ἂν πάθητε, μὴ νομίσητε ἐγκαταλιμπανόμενοι πάσχειν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπαλλάξαι ὑμᾶς βούλεται τῶν δεινῶν, ἀλλὰ πεῖσαι καταφρονεῖν τῶν δεινῶν· ἐπειδὴ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἀπαλλαγὴ τῶν δεινῶν. Μὴ οὖν φοβηθῆτε· πολλῶν στρουθίων διαφέρετε ὑμεῖς. Ὁρᾷς ἤδη τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν κρατήσαντα; Καὶ γὰρ ᾔδει τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα τῆς διανοίας· διὰ τοῦτο ἐπήγαγε, Μὴ οὖν φοβεῖσθε αὐτούς. Κἂν γὰρ κρατήσωσι, τοῦ καταδεεστέρου κρατήσουσι, τοῦ σώματος λέγω· ὃ κἂν μὴ οὗτοι ἀποκτείνωσιν, ἡ φύσις λαβοῦσα ἄπεισι πάντως. γʹ. Ὥστε οὐδὲ τούτου οὗτοι γεγόνασι κύριοι, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς φύσεως αὐτὸ ἔχουσιν. Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο δέδοικας, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸ μεῖζον δεδοικέναι χρὴ, καὶ φοβεῖσθαι τὸν δυνάμενον καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα ἐν γεέννῃ ἀπολέσαι. Καὶ οὐ λέγει φανερῶς ἑαυτὸν νῦν εἶναι τὸν δυνάμενον καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα ἀπολέσαι· δι' ὧν δὲ ἔμπροσθεν ἀπέφηνε κριτὴν ἑαυτὸν ὄντα, ἐδήλωσεν. Ἀλλὰ νῦν τοὐναντίον γίνεται Τὸν μὲν γὰρ δυνάμενον ψυχὴν ἀπολέσαι, τουτέστι, κολάσαι, οὐ φοβούμεθα· τοὺς δὲ τὸ σῶμα ἀναιροῦντας πεφρίκαμεν. Καίτοιγε ὁ μὲν μετὰ τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ τὸ σῶμα τιμωρεῖται· οἱ δὲ οὐ μόνον τὴν ψυχὴν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τὸ σῶμα κολάσαι δύνανται, κἂν μυριάκις κολάσωσιν. ἀλλὰ λαμπρότερον μᾶλλον οὕτω ποιοῦσιν αὐτό. Εἶδες πῶς δείκνυσι τοὺς ἀγῶνας εὐχερεῖς; Καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα ὁ θάνατος κατέσειεν αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν, φοβερὸν τέως ἐμπνέων, τῷ μηδέπω γεγενῆσθαι εὐκαταγώνιστος, μηδὲ τοὺς μέλλοντας αὐτοῦ καταφρονεῖν τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἀπολελαυκέναι χάριτος. Ἐκβαλὼν τοίνυν τὸν φόβον καὶ τὴν ἀγωνίαν τὴν κατασείουσαν αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς παραθαῤῥύνει πάλιν, φόβῳ φόβον ἐκβάλλων, καὶ οὐ φόβῳ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπάθλων ἐλπίδι μεγάλων· καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς ἀπειλεῖ τῆς ἐξουσίας, ἑκατέρωθεν αὐτοὺς προτρέπων εἰς τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀληθείας παῤῥησίαν, καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων· Πᾶς οὖν ὅστις ὁμολογήσει ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὁμολογήσω κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς· ὃς δ' ἂν ἀρνήσηταί με ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀρνήσομαι κἀγὼ αὐτὸν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων ὠθεῖ, καὶ εἰς τὰ σκυθρωπὰ καταλήγει. Καὶ σκόπει τὴν ἀκρίβειαν. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἐμὲ, ἀλλ', Ἐν ἐμοὶ, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐκ οἰκείᾳ δυνάμει, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἄνωθεν βοηθούμενος χάριτι ὁμολογεῖ ὁ ὁμολογῶν. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ ἀρνουμένου οὐκ εἶπεν, 57.402 Ἐν ἐμοὶ, ἀλλ', Ἐμέ· ἔρημος γὰρ γενόμενος τῆς δωρεᾶς, οὕτως ἀρνεῖται. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἐγκαλεῖται, φησὶν, εἰ ἐγκαταλειφθεὶς ἀρνεῖται; Ὅτι τὸ ἐγκαταλειφθῆναι παρ' αὐτὸν γίνεται τὸν