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a confession of the unbearable pains in unquenchable fire (and we ought to ask for forbearance, as much as is in our power, if not otherwise, on account of those who are perishing and have fallen from endurance), he who hastens to see the death of the sinner cannot have peace with God, than which nothing is worse; for he is always in turmoil of soul, desiring what God detests and wanting what he does not want. From this come despondencies, weaknesses, blasphemies, and the other sprouts of wickedness. Let us say, brothers: may your will be done from the heart, I have become like a beast before you, and I am always with you. And so the soul, being at peace, will have confidence before God, choosing to live a hundred years in sufferings for his sake; for neither, if we pray against it, will its speed come upon us, nor, if we pray for it, will it be slow, but it will come at the time when God, who before the foundation of the world determined what is advantageous, knows it to be his just judgment. Pray for us sinners, I beseech you, that we may be saved. Our brother and mine, Nicholas, greets you all. Grace be with you. Amen. 393 {1To my holy spiritual fathers who have been exiled for the Lord's sake, Theodore, the least presbyter and abbot of the Stoudites, greetings in the Lord}1 To receive a letter from even one orthodox person in these difficult days, not to mention from many gathered together for the same purpose, is somehow strange for the season, like a many-petalled rose in winter, and to my lowliness most gratifying indeed, so that from the very address my spirit leapt and gave fitting thanks to the Lord; who also in the present persecution of Ahab has left for himself so many who have not bent the knee to Baal. For I think that the unbending of today are equal in number to those of that time, not only on account of those who are publicly known from their confession, but also on account of those preserved here and there in deserts and mountains and caves and holes in the earth, to speak in the apostolic manner, just as the three-peaked mountain beautifies your group, bearing you as a thrice-blessed glory. Thanks, therefore, to God, who enriches you along with all who call upon his name; I praise your sacred exile, I celebrate your mountain community, because, even if full of suffering, it nevertheless makes one divine. Moses on Mount Sinai conversed with God, Elijah on Mount Horeb was deemed worthy to see God as far as possible; Jesus himself, the most divine ruler, went up the mountain to pray in a manner befitting a man. What does this mean? It seems to me that the spectacle is a symbol of the ascent of the soul; for just as the mountain stands above the plain and the valley below it, to that degree the mind of the one praying ascends to God through the elevated place. Do you see, O thrice-longed-for ones, of what sort and how great your dwelling is? Remember us also from there, sinners that we are and living on the ground, so that we may be caught up with you, the high-flying eagles of the Lord. But let this be enough on these matters, even if my desire rushes to say more. But why have you come to such a measure of humility, as to learn from me, an unlearned man, the answers to the questions you have proposed? You yourselves know what is right by the grace of Christ; and if not, then from those who are pre-eminent in both rank and reason. For there are very many, as the account has shown, who ought to have been taught. Therefore, lest I seem to grieve you, and at the same time fearing to be disobedient, I submit myself to the command. But first I have this to say, that this heresy, although to those before it appeared otherwise or might seem to some now as somehow middlingly-wicked and not very severe, to me, at any rate, who sees dimly, it seems to be nothing other than a denial of Christ; for if in the icon the archetype is manifested, as the all-wise Dionysius says, and if the honor of the icon ascends to the prototype, as Basil the Great says, and now the icon of Christ has been scorned, denied, trampled upon by the Christ-fighters, therefore in his icon and through the icon Christ has been denied, dishonored, rejected in a Jewish manner; and it is not possible to interpret the doctrine otherwise. For this reason it is a time of lamentations and dirges, for this reason there are also so many who resist, not only

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ἐξαγόρευσις τῶν ἐν πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ ἀνυποίστων ἀνιῶν (καὶ παρακαλεῖν ἡμᾶς δεῖ τὴν ἀνοχήν, ὅσον τὸ ἐφ' ἡμῖν, εἰ μὴ ἄν, διὰ τοὺς ὀλλυμένους καὶ ἐκπεπτωκότας τῆς ὑπομονῆς), ὁ ἐπειγόμενος τὸν θάνατον ἰδεῖν τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ οὐ δύναται εἰρήνην ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, οὗ χεῖρον οὐδέν· ἀεὶ γὰρ ἐν ταραχῇ κατὰ ψυχήν, ἐπιθυμῶν ὅπερ θεὸς ἀποστυγεῖ καὶ θέλων ὃ οὐ θέλει. ἐντεῦθεν ἀκηδίαι, ἐκλύσεις, βλασφημίαι καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ βλαστήματα τῆς πονηρίας. εἴπωμεν, ἀδελφοί· γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου ἐκ καρδίας, κτηνώδης ἐγενήθην παρὰ σοί, κἀγὼ διὰ παντὸς μετὰ σοῦ. καὶ οὕτως εἰρηνεύουσα ἡ ψυχὴ παρρησίαν ἕξει πρὸς θεόν, ἑκατονταετίζειν ἐν τοῖς ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ παθήμασι προαιρουμένη· οὔτε γάρ, ἐὰν κατευξώμεθα, τὸ τάχος ἐπιστῇ οὔτ', ἂν ἐπευξώμεθα, βραδυνεῖ, ἀλλὰ τότε ἥξει, ὁπηνίκα ὁ πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου διορίσας τὸ συμφέρον δίκαιον κρίμα οἶδεν θεός. Προσεύχεσθε περὶ ἡμῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν, παρακαλῶ, ἵνα σῳζοίμεθα. ὁ ἀδελφὸς ὑμῶν τε καὶ ἐμοῦ Νικόλαος προσαγορεύει ἅπαντας. ἡ χάρις μεθ' ὑμῶν. ἀμήν. 393 {1Τοῖς διὰ Κύριον πεφυγαδευμένοις πνευματικοῖς ἁγίοις μου πατράσιν Θεόδωρος ἐλάχιστος πρεσβύτερος καὶ ἡγούμενος τῶν Στουδίου ἐν Κυρίῳ χαίρειν}1 Καὶ ἀφ' ἑνὸς ὀρθοδόξου τὸ δέξασθαι γραμματεῖον ἐν ταῖς χαλεπαῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις, μὴ ὅτι γε ἐκ πολλῶν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ συνεληλυθότων, ξένον πως τῷ καιρῷ, ὡς ἐν χειμῶνι πολύφυλλον ῥόδον, καὶ τῇ ἐμῇ ταπεινώσει χαρίεν ὅτι μάλιστα, ὥστε ἀπ' αὐτῆς τῆς προγραφῆς σκιρτῆσαί μου τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἀνθομολογήσασθαι Κυρίῳ τὰ εἰκότα· ὃς καὶ ἐν τῷ παρόντι Ἀχααβικῷ διωγμῷ κατέλιπεν ἑαυτῷ τοσούτους μὴ κάμψαντας γόνυ τῇ Βαάλ. οἶμαι γὰρ τῶν τηνικαῦτα ἰσαρίθμους εἶναι τοὺς νῦν ἀκαμπεῖς οὐ μόνον διὰ τῶν εἰς προῦπτον κειμένων ἐξ ὁμολογίας, ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ διὰ τῶν ὧδέ τε κἀκεῖσε διασεσωσμένων ἐν ἐρημίαις καὶ ὄρεσι καὶ σπηλαίοις καὶ ταῖς ὀπαῖς τῆς γῆς ἀποστολικῶς εἰπεῖν, καθάπερ καὶ τὴν ὑμῶν ὁμάδα τὸ τρικόρυφον ὄρος ὡς τρισόλβιον κλέος φέρον ὡραΐζεται. Χάρις οὖν τῷ θεῷ, τῷ πλουτοῦντι ὑμᾶς σὺν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐπικαλουμένοις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ· ἐπαινῶ τὴν ἱερὰν φυγαδείαν ὑμῶν, ὑμνῶ τὴν ὀρεινὴν συνοικίαν ὑμῶν, ὅτι, εἰ καὶ τληπαθής, ὅμως θεοποιός. Μωσῆς ἐν ὄρει τῷ Σιναίῳ θεῷ συνωμίλει, Ἠλίας ἐν ὄρει τῷ Χωρὴβ θεὸν ἰδεῖν ὡς δυνατὸν ἠξίωται· Ἰησοῦς αὐτὸς ὁ θεαρχικώτατος εἰς τὸ ὄρος ἄνεισιν ἀνθρωποπρεπῶς προσεύξασθαι. τί τοῦτο; ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ σύμβολον τῆς κατὰ ψυχὴν ἀναβάσεως τὸ θεώρημα εἶναι· ὡς γὰρ τὸ ὄρος ὑπερανεστώς ἐστι τῆς ὑπουρείου πεδιάδος τε καὶ κοιλότητος, τοσούτῳ δὴ μέτρῳ ὁ νοῦς τοῦ προσευχομένου ἄνεισι πρὸς θεὸν διὰ τοῦ μετεώρου τόπου. ὁρᾶτε, ὦ τριπόθητοι, οἷον καὶ ἡλίκον ὑμῶν τὸ ἐνδιαίτημα; μιμνήσκεσθε καὶ ἡμῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν καὶ χαμοζώων ἐντεῦθεν, ὡς ἂν συναναφθείημεν ὑμῖν τοῖς ὑψιπετέσιν ἀετοῖς Κυρίου. Ἀλλ' ἐχέτω μὲν ταῦτα ὧδε, εἰ καὶ ὁ πόθος ᾄττει πλέον λέγειν. τί δὲ εἰς τοσοῦτον ἐληλύθατε ταπεινώσεως μέτρον, παρ' ἐμοῦ τοῦ ἀμαθοῦς μαθεῖν ὧν προετείνατε πεύσεων τὰς ἀποκρίσεις; αὐτοὶ χάριτι Χριστοῦ ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν εἰδότες τὸ δέον· εἰ δὲ μή, πρὸς τῶν προεχόντων καὶ ἀξιώματι καὶ λόγῳ. εἰσὶ γὰρ πλεῖστοι, ὡς ὑπέδειξεν ὁ λόγος, ὀφείλοντες ἐκδιδαχθῆναι. ἵν' οὖν μὴ δόξω λυπεῖν ὑμᾶς, ἅμα τε καὶ δεδιὼς τὸ ἀνήκοον, καθίημι ἐμαυτὸν πρὸς τὸ ἐπίταγμα. ἀλλὰ πρῶτον ἐκεῖνο ἔχω λέγειν, ὅτι ἡ αἵρεσις αὕτη, εἰ καὶ τοῖς προλαβοῦσιν ἐφάνη ἄλλως ἢ καί τισι φαίνοιτο νῦν μεσοπόνηρος οὑτωσί πως καὶ οὐ λίαν χαλεπή, ἐμοὶ γοῦν τῷ ἀμύδρωπι οὐδὲν ἄλλο δοκεῖ ἢ ἄρνησις Χριστοῦ εἶναι· εἰ γὰρ ἐν τῇ εἰκόνι τὸ ἀρχέτυπον ἐκφαίνεται, ὥς φησιν ὁ πάνσοφος ∆ιονύσιος, καὶ εἰ ἡ τῆς εἰκόνος τιμὴ ἐπὶ τὸ πρωτότυπον ἀναβαίνει, ὥς φησιν ὁ Μέγας Βασίλειος, ἐξουδένωται δὲ νῦν ἡ εἰκὼν Χριστοῦ, ἤρνηται, πεπάτηται παρὰ τῶν χριστομάχων, ἄρα ἐν τῇ εἰκόνι αὐτοῦ καὶ διὰ τῆς εἰκόνος ἠρνήθη Χριστός, ἠτιμάσθη, ἀπεδοκιμάσθη ἰουδαϊκῶς· καὶ ἀλλοίως οὐκ ἔστιν ὑπεξαγαγεῖν τὸ θεώρημα. διὰ τοῦτο θρήνων καὶ κοπετῶν ὁ καιρός, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τοσοῦτοι οἱ ἐνιστάμενοι, οὐ μόνον