239

all that they have spoken. I will raise up for them a prophet from among their brethren like you, and I will put my word in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him. And the man who will not listen to all that the prophet shall speak in my name, I will require it of him.” 9.11.2 Take note that no prophet like Moses has been raised up among the Hebrews, that is, a lawgiver and an introducer of piety to men, except only our Savior, the Christ of God. For indeed at the end of Deuteronomy it is said: “There has not arisen a prophet since in Israel like Moses”; and yet countless prophets came after him, but not like him. 9.11.3 But the promise of God announces all this, that he would raise up a certain one, and not many, and one like him. It shows this one to be a lawgiver and a teacher of piety to men, such as only our Savior and Lord Jesus Christ, and no other has been shown to be at once a lawgiver and a prophet of the God of all and of his Father. 9.11.4 But Moses led one nation, and has been shown to be legislating things suitable for this one alone and not for other nations; but the Christ of God, having received the promise from the Father, "Ask of me, and I will give you the nations for your inheritance," so that he might be established by the Father as a new lawgiver of piety not only for the Jews but also for the whole race of men, has set forth a legislation powerful and fitting for the calling of all the nations. 9.11.5 Indeed, with a power more divine than that of Moses, throughout the whole world he ordained his sacred laws through his evangelists, legislating with an authority greater than that of a man, saying that “You have heard that it was said to the ancients, ‘You shall not kill,’” “but I say to you” not even to be angry “without a cause,” and the things that follow these, all that are contained in his written teachings, concerning which the evangelist testifies, saying that all “were astonished at his teaching; for he was teaching them as one who had authority, and not as their scribes.” 9.11.6 Having gone through the manner of our Savior's teaching and legislation at the beginning of the present work, when we were bringing to light what Christianity is, we will now refer the readers to that. But it is worthwhile to pay attention to the reason for which the Lord promises to raise up a prophet for them. 9.11.7 For since he himself had commanded Moses to purify the whole people for three days, so that they might be at once spectators and hearers of the divine epiphany, but they became weak before the grace of God, for which reason, having come at the beginning of the vision, they refused, saying to Moses, “You speak to us, and let not God speak to us, lest we die”; reasonably, on account of these things, the Lord accepts their reverence, and says, “Rightly have they spoken all that they have spoken. I will raise up for them a prophet from the midst of their brethren, like you.” 9.11.8 Therefore he also taught the cause of his being about to make his epiphany to men in the manner of a prophet; and this was the weakness of men and their refusal of the greater vision. 9.11.9 You have, therefore, also the cause of the incarnation of the prophesied prophet. Reasonably, then, those of the circumcision, expecting him, inquired of John the Baptist and said: “Are you the prophet?” And he said, “No.” But John, confessing the truth, did not deny being a prophet—for he was one—but he denied being the very prophet declared by Moses, and taught that he had been sent before that prophet. 9.11.10 And since the oracle prophesied that the prophet would be raised up for those of the circumcision, reasonably our Savior and Lord, since he himself was the one who had been proclaimed, says, "I have not come except to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." And to his apostles he advised, saying: "Do not go into the way of the Gentiles, and do not enter a city of the Samaritans, but go rather to the lost sheep

239

πάντα ὅσα ἐλάλησαν, προφήτην ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτῶν ἀναστήσω αὐτοῖς ὥσπερ σέ, καὶ δώσω τὸ ῥῆμά μου εἰς τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ, καὶ λαλήσει αὐτοῖς καθ' ὅ τι ἂν ἐντείλωμαι αὐτῷ, καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν λαλήσῃ ὁ προφήτης ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐγὼ ἐκδικήσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ.» 9.11.2 Ἐπίστησον, ὅτι μηδεὶς παρ' Ἑβραίοις Μωσεῖ παραπλήσιος προφήτης ἐγήγερται, τουτέστιν νομοθέτης καὶ εὐσεβείας ἀνθρώποις εἰσηγητὴς ἢ μόνος ὁ ἡμέτερος σωτὴρ ὁ Χριστὸς τοῦ θεοῦ. πρὸς γοῦν τῷ τέλει τοῦ ∆ευτερονομίου λέγεται· «οὐκ ἀνέστη ἔτι προφήτης ἐν Ἰσραὴλ ὡς Μωσῆς»· καὶ μὴν μυρίοι προφῆται μετὰ τοῦτον γεγόνασιν, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὡς αὐτός. 9.11.3 ὅλον δὲ τοῦτο ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ ὑπόσχεσις ἐπαγγέλλεται, ἕνα τινὰ οὐχὶ δὲ πολλοὺς καὶ ὅμοιον ἀναστήσειν αὐτῷ. δηλοῖ δὲ τοῦτον νομοθέτην καὶ εὐσεβείας ἀνθρώπων διδάσκαλον, οἷος μόνος ὁ σωτὴρ καὶ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, καὶ οὐδὲ ἄλλος ἀναδέδεικται νομοθέτης ὁμοῦ καὶ προφήτης τοῦ τῶν ὅλων θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ γενόμενος. 9.11.4 ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν ἔθνους ἑνὸς ὁ Μωσῆς ἡγήσατο, καὶ κατάλληλα δὲ τούτῳ μόνῳ οὐχὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλοις ἔθνεσιν νομοθετῶν ἀποδέδεικται· ὁ δέ γε Χριστὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, λαβὼν ἐπαγγελίαν παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν «αἴτησαι παρ' ἐμοῦ, καὶ δώσω σοι ἔθνη τὴν κληρονομίαν σου», ὡς ἂν μὴ μόνον Ἰουδαίοις ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ παντὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένει καινὸς νομοθέτης εὐσεβείας ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς καταστῆναι, τῇ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν κλήσει δυνατὴν καὶ ἁρμόδιον προβέβληται νομοθεσίαν. 9.11.5 θειοτέρᾳ γοῦν ἢ κατὰ Μωσέα δυνάμει κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ κόσμου τοὺς ἱεροὺς αὐτοῦ νόμους διὰ τῶν εὐαγγελιστῶν αὐτοῦ διετάξατο, μείζονι ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἐξουσίᾳ νομοθετήσας, εἰπὼν ὅτι «ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις, οὐ φονεύσεις» «ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν» μηδὲ ὀργίζεσθαι «εἰκῆ», καὶ τὰ τούτοις ἀκόλουθα, ὅσα δὴ ἐν ταῖς ἀναγράπτοις αὐτοῦ διδασκαλίαις ἐμφέρεται, ἐφ' οἷς μαρτυρεῖ λέγων ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ὅτι «ἐξεπλήττοντο» πάντες «ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ· ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐξουσίαν ἔχων, καὶ οὐχ ὡς οἱ γραμματεῖς αὐτῶν». 9.11.6 Τὸν δὲ τρόπον τῆς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν διδασκαλίας τε καὶ νομοθεσίας ἐν ἀρχαῖς τῆς παρούσης ὑποθέσεως διελθόντες, ὅτε τὸν χριστιανισμὸν ὅ τι ποτέ ἐστιν εἰς φανερὸν ἤγομεν, ἐπ' ἐκεῖνα καὶ νῦν τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας παραπέμψομεν. ἐπιστῆσαι δὲ τῷ λόγῳ ἄξιον, δι' ὃν ὁ κύριος ὑπισχνεῖται προφήτην ἀναστήσειν αὐτοῖς· 9.11.7 ἐπειδὴ γὰρ κεκελεύκει μὲν αὐτὸς τῷ Μωσεῖ ἁγνίσαι τὸν πάντα λαὸν ἐφ' ἡμέραις τρισίν, ὡς ἂν γένοιντο θεαταὶ ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀκροαταὶ τῆς ἐνθέου ἐπιφανείας, οἱ δὲ ἐξησθένησαν πρὸς τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ χάριν, δι' ὃ ἐν ἀρχῇ γενόμενοι τῆς θεωρίας παρῃτοῦντο, λέγοντες τῷ Μωσεῖ «σὺ λάλει πρὸς ἡμᾶς, καὶ μὴ λαλείτω πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὁ θεός, ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωμεν»· εἰκότως διὰ ταῦτα ἀποδέχεται μὲν αὐτοὺς ὁ κύριος τῆς εὐλαβείας, φησὶν δέ· «ὀρθῶς πάντα ὅσα ἐλάλησαν, προφήτην ἀναστήσω αὐτοῖς ἐκ μέσου τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτῶν, ὥσπερ σέ». 9.11.8 οὐκοῦν καὶ τὸ αἴτιον ἐδίδαξεν τοῦ δίκην προφήτου μέλλειν αὐτὸν τὴν εἰς ἀνθρώπους ἐπιφάνειαν ποιεῖσθαι· τοῦτο δ' ἦν ἀσθένεια ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῆς κρείττονος θεωρίας παραίτησις. 9.11.9 ἔχεις τοιγαροῦν καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως τοῦ θεσπιζομένου προφήτου. εἰκότως οὖν προσδοκῶντες αὐτὸν οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς ἐπυνθάνοντο τοῦ βαπτιστοῦ Ἰωάννου καὶ ἔλεγον· «ὁ προφήτης εἶ σύ;» ὁ δὲ ἔφη «οὔ». ἀλλ' ὁ Ἰωάννης τἀληθὲς ὁμολογῶν οὐ τὸ προφήτης εἶναι ἠρνήσατο, ἦν γάρ, ἀλλὰ τὸ αὐτὸς εἶναι ὁ προφήτης ὁ πρὸς τοῦ Μωσέως δεδηλωμένος, ὅτι δὲ ἀπεσταλμένος εἴη ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ προφήτου ἐκείνου ἐδίδασκεν. 9.11.10 καὶ ἐπειδήπερ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῖς δὴ τοῖς ἐκ περιτομῆς ἀναστήσεσθαι τὸν προφήτην ἐθέσπιζεν, εἰκότως ὁ σωτὴρ καὶ κύριος ἡμῶν, ἅτε δὴ αὐτὸς ὢν ὁ προκεκηρυγμένος, «οὐκ ἦλθον», φησίν, «εἰ μὴ εἰς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ». τοῖς δὲ ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ παρῄνει λέγων· «εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε, καὶ εἰς πόλιν Σαμαρειτῶν μὴ εἰσέλθητε, πορεύεσθε δὲ μᾶλλον πρὸς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα