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they allowed. And a third reason, and no small one, can be mentioned besides these. For they, as tyrants, did all things for revolt; but He placed Himself so far from such a suspicion, that when they wished to make Him king, He fled, and when they asked if it was lawful to give tribute to Caesar, He commanded them to pay it, and He Himself paid the didrachma. In addition to this, He came for the salvation of the sheep, that they might have life, and have it more abundantly, He says; but they deprived them even of this present life. And they betrayed those entrusted to them, and fled; but He stood so nobly as even to give His life. And they, unwillingly and by compulsion and while fleeing, suffered what they suffered; but He willingly and by choice endured all things. Jesus spoke this proverb to them; but they did not know what things He was saying to them. And for what reason did He speak obscurely to them? Wishing to make them more attentive. Since, then, He had achieved this, He then resolves the obscurity, speaking thus: I am the door; if anyone enters by Me, he will go in and go out and find pasture; that is, he will be in safety and security (by pasture He here means the food and grazing of the sheep, and authority and lordship), that is, he will remain within, and no one will cast him out; which then happened in the case of the apostles, who went in and out with confidence, as having become masters of the whole world, and no one was able to cast them out. All who came are thieves and robbers; but the sheep did not hear them. He is not speaking here of the prophets, as the heretics say (for they listened to them, and through them they believed, as many as believed in Christ), but He speaks of Theudas and Judas, and the other insurrectionists. And besides, He said, “the sheep did not hear them,” as a praise; but nowhere does He appear praising those who disobeyed the prophets, but on the contrary, He reproaches and accuses them vehemently. Whence it is clear that “they did not hear” is now said about those insurrectionists. The thief comes not, except to steal and to kill and to destroy; which happened then, when all were slaughtered and perished. But I came that they might have life, and have it more abundantly. And what is more abundant than life, tell me? The kingdom of heaven. But He does not yet say this, but dwells on the word "life," which was familiar to them. I am the good shepherd. Here, then, He speaks of His passion, showing that this happens for the salvation of the world, and that He does not come to it unwillingly. 59.326 Then He speaks of the mark of the shepherd again and of the hireling. For the shepherd lays down his life; but the hireling, who is not the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, sees the wolf coming, and leaves the sheep, and flees, and the wolf comes and snatches them. Here He shows Himself to have power just as the Father, since He Himself is the shepherd, and the sheep are His own. Do you see how in the parables He speaks more loftily, where the meaning is veiled, and does not give a clear handle to His hearers? What then does this hireling do? He sees the wolf coming, and leaves the sheep, and the wolf comes and snatches them. They have done this; but He, the contrary. For when He was arrested, He says: "Let these men go," that the word might be fulfilled, that none of them was lost. And here it is possible to suspect a spiritual wolf as well. For neither did He allow that one to depart and snatch the sheep. But this one is not only a wolf, but also a lion. For our enemy the devil, it says, walks about like a roaring lion. This one is also a serpent and a dragon: For you shall tread upon serpents and scorpions. 4. Therefore, I beseech you, let us remain feeding under the shepherd; and we shall remain, if we listen to His voice, if we obey Him, if we do not follow a stranger. And what is His voice? Blessed are the poor in spirit; blessed are the pure in heart; blessed are the merciful. If we do these things, we will remain under the shepherd, and the wolf will not be able to get inside; but even if it should come, it will do so to its own harm

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εἴασαν. Καὶ τρίτην δὲ μετὰ τούτων ἔστιν εἰπεῖν οὐ μικράν. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ὡς τύραννοι, καὶ ἐπὶ ἀποστασίᾳ πάντα ἐποίουν· αὐτὸς δὲ οὕτω πόῤῥω ἑαυτὸν τοιαύτης κατέστησεν ὑποψίας, ὡς καὶ θελόντων αὐτὸν ποιῆσαι βασιλέα φυγεῖν, καὶ ἐπερωτώντων, εἰ ἔξεστι δοῦναι κῆνσον Καίσαρι, κελεῦσαι καταθεῖναι, καὶ αὐτὸν ἐπιδοῦναι τὸ δίδραχμα. Πρὸς τούτοις αὐτὸς μὲν ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας τῶν προβάτων ἦλθεν, ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχωσι, καὶ περισσὸν ἔχωσι, φησίν· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ καὶ τῆς παρούσης αὐτοὺς ζωῆς ἀπεστέρησαν. Καὶ οἱ μὲν προὔδωκαν τοὺς ἐμπιστευθέντας, καὶ ἔφυγον· αὐτὸς δὲ οὕτως ἔστη γενναίως, ὡς καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐπιδοῦναι. Καὶ οἱ μὲν ἄκοντες καὶ ἀναγκαζόμενοι καὶ φεύγοντες ἔπαθον ἃ ἔπαθον· οὗτος δὲ ἑκὼν καὶ προαιρούμενος ὑπέμεινεν ἅπαντα. Ταύτην τὴν παροιμίαν εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τίνα ἦν ἃ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν ἀσαφῶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς; Προσεκτικωτέρους αὐτοὺς ποιῆσαι βουλόμενος. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τοῦτο κατεσκεύασε, λύει λοιπὸν τὴν ἀσάφειαν, οὕτω λέγων· Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα· δι' ἐμοῦ ἐάν τις εἰσέλθῃ, εἰσελεύσεται, καὶ ἐξελεύσεται, καὶ νομὴν εὑρήσει· οἷον, ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ ἔσται καὶ ἀδείᾳ (νομὴν δὲ τὴν τροφὴν ἐνταῦθα λέγει καὶ βοσκὴν τῶν προβάτων, καὶ ἐξουσίαν καὶ κυριότητα), τουτέστιν, Ἔνδον μενεῖ, καὶ οὐδεὶς αὐτὸν ἐξωθήσεται· ὅπερ οὖν ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων γέγονεν, οἳ μετὰ ἀδείας εἰσῄεσαν καὶ ἐξῄεσαν, ὡς πάσης κύριοι γεγενημένοι τῆς οἰκουμένης, καὶ οὐδεὶς αὐτοὺς ἐκβαλεῖν ἴσχυσε. Πάντες ὅσοι ἦλθον, κλέπται εἰσὶ καὶ λῃσταί· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἤκουσαν αὐτῶν τὰ πρόβατα. Οὐ περὶ τῶν προφητῶν φησιν ἐνταῦθα, καθὼς οἱ αἱρετικοί φασιν (ἐκείνων γὰρ ἤκουσαν, καὶ δι' ἐκείνων ἐπίστευσαν, ὅσοι καὶ ἐπίστευσαν τῷ Χριστῷ), ἀλλὰ περὶ Θευδᾶ καὶ Ἰούδα λέγει, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων στασιαστῶν. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ τὸ, Οὐκ ἤκουσαν τὰ πρόβατα, ἐπαινῶν εἶπεν· οὐδαμοῦ δὲ φαίνεται ἐπαινῶν τοὺς παρακούσαντας τῶν προφητῶν, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον κακίζων καὶ διαβάλλων σφοδρῶς. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι τὸ, Οὐκ ἤκουσαν, νῦν περὶ τῶν στασιαστῶν ἐκείνων εἴρηται. Ὁ κλέπτης οὐ μὴ ἔρχεται, εἰ μὴ ἵνα κλέψῃ καὶ θύσῃ καὶ ἀπολέσῃ· ὅπερ τότε γέγονε, πάντων σφαγέντων καὶ ἀπολομένων. Ἐγὼ δὲ ἦλθον, ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχωσι, καὶ περισσὸν ἔχωσι. Καὶ τί ζωῆς περισσότερον, εἰπέ μοι; Βασιλεία οὐρανῶν. Ἀλλ' οὔπω λέγει τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ τὸ τῆς ζωῆς ὄνομα περιστρέφει, ὅπερ ἦν αὐτοῖς γνώριμον. Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός. Ἐνταῦθα λοιπὸν περὶ τοῦ πάθους διαλέγεται, δεικνὺς ὅτι ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου σωτηρίας τοῦτο γίνεται, καὶ οὐκ ἄκων 59.326 ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἔρχεται. Εἶτα λέγει τὸ δεῖγμα τοῦ ποιμένος πάλιν καὶ τοῦ μισθωτοῦ. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ποιμὴν τὴν ψυχὴν ἑαυτοῦ τίθησιν· ὁ μισθωτὸς δὲ καὶ οὐκ ὢν ποιμὴν, οὗ οὐκ εἰσὶ τὰ πρόβατα ἴδια, θεωρεῖ τὸν λύκον ἐρχόμενον, καὶ ἀφίησι τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ φεύγει, καὶ ἔρχεται ὁ λύκος, καὶ ἁρπάζει αὐτά. Ἐνταῦθα δείκνυσιν ἑαυτὸν οὕτω κρατοῦντα ὡς τὸν Πατέρα, εἴ γε ποιμὴν αὐτός ἐστι, καὶ ἴδια αὐτοῦ ἐστι τὰ πρόβατα. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἐν ταῖς παραβολαῖς ὑψηλότερον φθέγγεται, ἔνθα συνεσκίασται ὁ λόγος, καὶ οὐ δίδωσι λαβὴν φανερὰν τοῖς ἀκροωμένοις; Τί οὖν ὁ μισθωτὸς οὗτος ποιεῖ; Θεωρεῖ τὸν λύκον ἐρχόμενον, καὶ ἀφίησι τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ ἔρχεται ὁ λύκος, καὶ ἁρπάζει αὐτά. Τοῦτο ἐκεῖνοι πεποιήκασιν· αὐτὸς δὲ τοὐναντίον. Καὶ γὰρ, ἡνίκα συνελήφθη, φησίν· Ἄφετε τούτους ὑπάγειν, ἵνα πληρωθῇ ὁ λόγος, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀπώλετο. Ἔστι δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ νοητὸν ὑποπτεῦσαι λύκον. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνον εἴασεν ἀπελθόντα ἁρπάσαι τὰ πρόβατα. Οὐ λύκος δέ ἐστιν οὗτος μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ λέων. Ὁ γὰρ ἐχθρὸς ἡμῶν διάβολος, φησὶν, ὡς λέων περιέρχεται ὠρυόμενος. Οὗτος καὶ ὄφις καὶ δράκων ἐστί· Πατεῖτε γὰρ ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων. δʹ. ∆ιὸ, παρακαλῶ, μένωμεν ὑπὸ τῷ ποιμένι νεμόμενοι· μενοῦμεν δὲ, ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούωμεν, ἐὰν αὐτῷ πειθώμεθα, ἐὰν μὴ ἀλλοτρίῳ ἑπώμεθα. Καὶ ποία αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἡ φωνή; Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι· μακάριοι οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ· μακάριοι οἱ ἐλεήμονες. Ἂν ταῦτα πράττωμεν, ὑπὸ τῷ ποιμένι μενοῦμεν, καὶ ὁ λύκος ἔνδον γενέσθαι οὐ δυνήσεται· ἀλλὰ κἂν ἐπέλθῃ, ἐπὶ κακῷ τῷ ἑαυτοῦ τοῦτο