John Chrysostom, On Matthew

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no longer give us trouble, but bring the solution from your own homes? I have heard many of our own people, if ever they learned of a murderer beheaded in a court of law, being displeased and saying these words: This polluted and accursed man, having dared to commit thirty murders, or even many more, himself underwent only one death; and where is the justice? So you yourselves confess that one death is not sufficient for punishment. How then do you vote for the opposite now? Because you are not judging others, but yourselves. So great a hindrance is self-love to perceiving what is just. For this reason, when we judge others, we examine everything with precision; but when we judge ourselves, we are darkened; so that if we would examine these things in our own case, as we do in the case of others, we shall cast an impartial vote. For we too have sins worthy not of two or three, but of countless deaths. And, to pass over the other things, let us remind ourselves, as many of us as partake of the mysteries unworthily; for such persons are guilty of the body and blood of Christ. So when you speak of the murderer, consider yourself also. For he murdered a man, but you are responsible for the slaughter of the Lord; and he, not having partaken of mysteries; but we, enjoying a sacred table. And what of those who bite and devour their brothers, and send forth much venom? what of him who takes away the food of the poor? For if he who does not share is such, [how much more he who takes what belongs to others.] Than how many robbers are the covetous worse? than how many murderers the rapacious? than how many tomb-robbers? and how many after stripping men are also desirers of their blood? Away with it, may it not be, he says. Now you say, May it not be; when you have an enemy, then say, May it not be, and remember what has been said, and exhibit a life full of great exactness, that the fate of Sodom may not await us, 57.419 that we may not suffer the fate of Gomorrah, that we may not undergo the evils of the Tyrians and the Sidonians; or rather, that we may not offend against Christ, which is more grievous [and more fearful] than all. For though to many Gehenna seems to be a fearful thing, yet I will not cease continually crying out, that this is more grievous and 57.420 more fearful than all Gehenna; and I exhort you to be so disposed. For so we shall both be delivered from Gehenna, and shall enjoy the glory that is from Christ; of which may we all be counted worthy to partake, by the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and power for ever and ever. Amen. 57.419 HOMILY 37. And as they departed, Jesus began to say to the multitudes concerning John; What went ye out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken with the wind? But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? Yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet. 1. For the matter concerning the disciples of John was well managed, and being confirmed they departed from the signs that had just taken place; but it was necessary henceforth to heal also the things relating to the people. For they would have suspected nothing of the sort concerning their own teacher; but the great multitude, from the question of John's disciples, might have supposed many strange things, not knowing the mind with which he sent the disciples. And it was likely they were reasoning among themselves and saying; He who bore such witness, has he now been persuaded otherwise, and does he doubt whether this, or another, be He that should come? Is he not in dissension with Jesus saying these things? Has he not become more cowardly because of the prison? Has he not spoken the former things in vain and at random? Since, then, it was likely they would suspect many such things, see how He corrects their weakness, and does away with these suspicions. For as they were departing, He began to speak to the multitudes. Why, as they were departing? Lest he should seem to be flattering the man. But in correcting the people, He does not bring their suspicion into the midst, but only adduces the solution of the thoughts that were troubling their mind, showing that He knew the secrets of all. For neither does He say, just as

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μηκέτι κόπους ἡμῖν παρέχητε, ἀλλ' οἴκοθεν φέρητε τὴν λύσιν; Ἐγὼ πολλῶν ἤκουσα ἀνθρώπων ἡμετέρων, εἴ ποτε μάθοιεν ἀνδροφόνον ἀποτμηθέντα ἐν δικαστηρίῳ, δυσχεραινόντων καὶ ταῦτα λεγόντων τὰ ῥήματα· Τριάκοντα φόνους ὁ μιαρὸς οὗτος καὶ ἐναγὴς τολμήσας, ἢ καὶ πολλῷ πλείους, ἕνα μόνον αὐτὸς ὑπέμεινε θάνατον· καὶ ποῦ τὸ δίκαιον; Ὥστε ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ ὁμολογεῖτε, ὅτι οὐκ ἀρκεῖ θάνατος εἷς εἰς τιμωρίαν. Πῶς οὖν τὰ ἐναντία ψηφίζεσθε νῦν; Ὅτι οὐχ ἑτέροις, ἀλλ' ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς δικάζετε. Τοσοῦτον ἡ φιλαυτία γίνεται κώλυμα εἰς τὸ μὴ συνορᾷν τὸ δίκαιον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὅταν μὲν ἑτέροις κρίνωμεν, μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἅπαντα ἐξετάζομεν· ὅταν δὲ ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς δικάζωμεν, ἐσκοτώμεθα· ὡς ἐὰν καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ταῦτα ἐξετάζωμεν, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων, ἀδέκαστον τὴν ψῆφον οἴσομεν. Ἔστι γὰρ καὶ ἡμῖν ἁμαρτήματα, οὐ δύο καὶ τριῶν, ἀλλὰ μυρίων θανάτων ἄξια. Καὶ ἵνα τὰ ἄλλα παρῶ, ἀναμνήσωμεν ἑαυτοὺς ὅσοι τῶν μυστηρίων μετέχομεν ἀναξίως· οἱ δὲ τοιοῦτοι ἔνοχοί εἰσι τοῦ σώματος καὶ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ὥστε ὅταν τὸν ἀνδροφόνον λέγῃς, καὶ σεαυτὸν λογίζου. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ ἄνθρωπον ἐφόνευσε, σὺ δὲ τῆς σφαγῆς ὑπεύθυνος εἶ τοῦ ∆εσπότου· κἀκεῖνος μὲν, οὐ μετασχὼν μυστηρίων· ἡμεῖς δὲ, τραπέζης ἀπολαύοντες ἱερᾶς. Τί δὲ οἱ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς δάκνοντες καὶ κατεσθίοντες, καὶ πολὺν ἀφιέντες τὸν ἰόν; τί δὲ ὁ τὴν τροφὴν τῶν πενήτων ἀφαιρούμενος; Εἰ γὰρ ὁ μὴ μεταδιδοὺς τοιοῦτός ἐστι, [πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ τὰ ἀλλότρια λαμβάνων.] Πόσων λῃστῶν οἱ πλεονέκται χείρους εἰσί; πόσων ἀνδροφόνων οἱ ἅρπαγες; πόσων τυμβωρύχων; πόσοι δὲ μετὰ τὸ ἀποδῦσαι καὶ αἱμάτων εἰσὶν ἐπιθυμηταί; Ἄπαγε μὴ γένοιτο, φησί. Νῦν λέγεις, Μὴ γένοιτο· ὅταν ἐχθρὸν ἔχῃς, τότε εἰπὲ, Μὴ γένοιτο, καὶ μέμνησο τῶν εἰρημένων, καὶ βίον ἐπιδείκνυσο πολλῆς γέμοντα ἀκριβείας, ἵνα μὴ καὶ ἡμᾶς τὰ Σοδόμων μείνῃ, 57.419 ἵνα μὴ τὰ Γομόῤῥων πάθωμεν, ἵνα μὴ τὰ Τυρίων ὑπομείνωμεν καὶ τὰ Σιδωνίων κακά· μᾶλλον δὲ ἵνα μὴ τῷ Χριστῷ προσκρούσωμεν, ὅπερ ἁπάντων ἐστὶ χαλεπώτερον [καὶ φοβερώτερον]. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ πολλοῖς ἡ γέεννα φοβερὸν εἶναι δοκεῖ, ἀλλ' ἔγωγε οὐ παύσομαι συνεχῶς βοῶν, ὅτι τοῦτο γεέννης ἁπάσης χαλεπώτερον καὶ 57.420 φοβερώτερον· καὶ ὑμᾶς οὕτω διακεῖσθαι παρακαλῶ. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ γεέννης ἀπαλλαγησόμεθα, καὶ τῆς παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἀπολαύσομεν δόξης· ἧς γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. 57.419 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΛΖʹ. Τούτων δὲ πορευομένων, ἤρξατο ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγειν τοῖς ὄχλοις περὶ Ἰωάννου· Τί ἐξήλθετε εἰς τὴν ἔρημον θεάσασθαι; κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευό μενον; Ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθετε ἰδεῖν; ἄνθρωπον ἐν μα λακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον; Ἰδοὺ οἱ τὰ μαλακὰ φοροῦντες, ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις τῶν βασιλέων εἰσίν. Ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθετε ἰδεῖν; προφήτην; Ναὶ, λέγω ὑμῖν, καὶ περισσότερον προφήτου. αʹ. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ κατὰ τοὺς μαθητὰς Ἰωάννου ᾠκονομήθη καλῶς, καὶ βεβαιωθέντες ἀπῆλθον ἀπὸ τῶν παραυτίκα γενομένων σημείων· ἔδει δὲ λοιπὸν καὶ τὰ πρὸς τὸν δῆμον ἰάσασθαι. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲν ἂν τοιοῦτον ὑπώπτευσαν περὶ τοῦ ἑαυτῶν διδασκάλου· ὁ δὲ πολὺς ὄχλος ἐκ τῆς ἐρωτήσεως τῶν Ἰωάννου μαθητῶν πολλὰ ἂν ἄτοπα ὑπενόησεν, οὐκ εἰδὼς τὴν γνώμην μεθ' ἧς ἔπεμψε τοὺς μαθητάς. Καὶ εἰκὸς ἦν διαλογίζεσθαι πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς καὶ λέγειν· Ὁ τοσαῦτα μαρτυρήσας μετεπείσθη νῦν, καὶ ἀμφιβάλλει εἴτε οὗτος, εἴτε ἕτερος εἴη ὁ ἐρχόμενος; ἆρα μὴ στασιάζων πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν ταῦτα λέγει; ἆρα μὴ δειλότερος ὑπὸ τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου γενόμενος; ἆρα μὴ μάτην καὶ εἰκῆ τὰ πρότερα εἴρηκεν; Ἐπεὶ οὖν πολλὰ τοιαῦτα εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς ὑποπτεύειν, ὅρα πῶς αὐτῶν διορθοῦται τὴν ἀσθένειαν, καὶ ταύτας ἀναιρεῖ τὰς ὑποψίας. Πορευομένων γὰρ αὐτῶν, ἤρξατο λέγειν τοῖς ὄχλοις. ∆ιατί, πορευομένων αὐτῶν; Ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ κολακεύειν τὸν ἄνθρωπον. ∆ιορθούμενος δὲ τὸν δῆμον, οὐκ ἄγει εἰς μέσον αὐτῶν τὴν ὑπόνοιαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν λύσιν μόνον ἐπάγει τῶν κατὰ διάνοιαν θορυβούντων αὐτοὺς λογισμῶν, δεικνὺς ὅτι ᾔδει τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα ἁπάντων. Οὐδὲ γὰρ λέγει καθάπερ