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Is our Master about to be loved, because He dies for us? What then, tell me? Was He not loved before, but has the Father now begun to love, and have we become the cause of His love? Do you see how He has used condescension? What then does He wish to establish here? Since they were saying that He was alien to the Father and a deceiver, and that He had come for ruin and destruction, He says: And if nothing else, this at least would persuade Me to love you, that you are so loved by the Father as I am; and for this reason to be loved by Him, because I die for you. And in addition to this, He also wishes to establish that He does not come to the matter unwillingly (for if unwillingly, how could what was happening be productive of love?), and that this also seems exceedingly good to the Father. But if He speaks this as a man, do not be surprised; for we have often stated the reason for these things, and to say the same things again is superfluous and burdensome. I lay down My life, that I may take it again; and no one takes it from Me. I lay it down of Myself. I have power to lay down My life, and I have power to take it again. For since they had often plotted to kill Him, He says that unless I am willing, your labor is useless; and from the former He establishes the latter, from death the resurrection. For this is the wonderful and paradoxical thing. For both have happened in a new way, and beyond common custom. But let us attend with precision to what is said: I have power, He says, to lay down My life. And who does not have power to lay down his own life? For it is possible for anyone who wishes to kill himself. But He does not speak thus; but how? I have power to lay it down in such a way that no one is able to do this against My will; which is not the case with men. For we do not have power to lay it down otherwise, except by killing ourselves. But if we should fall into the hands of some who are plotting and have power to kill, we no longer have the power to lay it down or not, but they kill it even against our will. But with Him it was not so, but even when others were plotting, He Himself was master of not laying it down. Having said, therefore, that no one takes it from Me, He then added: I have power to lay down My life; that is, I alone am master of laying it down; which is not the case with you. For indeed many others are masters of taking it from us. But He did not say this from the beginning; for the statement would not have been credible; but when He had received the testimony from the events, and when after plotting many times they did not have the strength to seize Him (for indeed He escaped from their hands countless times); then finally He says, No one takes it from Me. But if this is true, that other thing follows, that He comes to this willingly. And this being true, that other thing also stands, that whenever He wishes to take it, He is able to do so again. For if the dying was greater than what is according to man, then no longer doubt about that other thing. For His being the only one with power to give up His life shows that He is also master of taking it again by the same 59.331 authority. Do you see how from the former He established the latter, and from His death He showed the resurrection to be indisputable? This commandment I received from My Father. Which one? To die for the world. Did He then wait to hear first, and then choose, and did He need to learn it? And who with any sense would say this? But just as above when He said, For this reason the Father loves Me, He showed His voluntary impulse, and removed the suspicion of opposition; so also here in saying that He had received a commandment from the Father, He indicates nothing other than that this which I do is pleasing to Him; so that when they kill Him, they might not think they have killed Him as one abandoned and betrayed by the Father, nor utter the reproaches which they did utter: He saved others, Himself He cannot save; and, If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross. And yet it is for this reason that He does not come down, because He is the Son of God. 3. Then, lest when you hear, I received a commandment from the Father, you should think the achievement is alien to Him, He anticipated

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∆εσπότης ἀγαπᾶσθαι μέλλει ὁ ἡμέτερος, ἐπειδὴ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀποθνήσκει; Τί οὖν, εἰπέ μοι; τὸν ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον οὐκ ἠγαπᾶτο, ἀλλὰ νῦν τῆς ἀγάπης ἤρξατο ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ ἡμεῖς γεγόναμεν τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτῷ αἴτιοι; Ὁρᾷς πῶς κέχρηται τῇ συγκαταβάσει; Τί οὖν ἐνταῦθα κατασκευάσαι βούλεται; Ἐπειδὴ ἀλλότριον αὐτὸν ἔλεγον τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ πλάνον, καὶ ἐπὶ λύμῃ ἥκειν αὐτὸν καὶ ἀπωλείᾳ, λέγει· Καὶ εἰ μηδὲν ἄλλο, τοῦτο γοῦν με ἔπειθεν ἀγαπᾷν ὑμᾶς, τὸ οὕτω ὑμᾶς ἀγαπᾶσθαι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὡς ἐμέ· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀγαπᾶσθαι παρ' αὐτοῦ, ἐπειδὴ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἀποθνήσκω. Καὶ μετὰ τούτου δὲ καὶ ἐκεῖνο κατασκευάσαι βούλεται, ὅτι τε οὐκ ἄκων ἐπὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἔρχεται (εἰ γὰρ ἄκων, πῶς ἀγάπης ἦν ποιητικὸν τὸ γινόμενον;), καὶ ὅτι καὶ τῷ Πατρὶ μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς τοῦτο δοκεῖ. Εἰ δὲ ὡς ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο διαλέγεται, μὴ θαυμάσῃς· πολλάκις γὰρ τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων εἰρήκαμεν αἰτίαν, καὶ πάλιν τὰ αὐτὰ λέγειν περιττὸν καὶ ἐπαχθές. Ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν· καὶ οὐδεὶς αἴρει αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ. Ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ. Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω λαβεῖν αὐτήν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλάκις ἐβουλεύοντο αὐτὸν ἀνελεῖν, λέγει, ὅτι Μὴ βουλομένου ἐμοῦ, ἀνόνητος ὑμῖν ἐστιν ὁ πόνος· καὶ ἐκ τοῦ προτέρου τὸ δεύτερον κατασκευάζει, ἀπὸ τοῦ θανάτου τὴν ἀνάστασιν. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ θαυμαστὸν καὶ παράδοξον. Καὶ γὰρ ἀμφότερα καινῶς γέγονε, καὶ ὑπὲρ τὴν κοινὴν συνήθειαν. Προσέχωμεν δὲ μετὰ ἀκριβείας τῷ λεγομένῳ· Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι, φησὶ, τὴν ψυχήν μου. Καὶ τίς οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν θεῖναι τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ; Ἑκάστῳ γὰρ βουλομένῳ δυνατὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνελεῖν. Ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτω φησίν· ἀλλὰ πῶς; Οὕτως ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι, ὡς μηδένα δυνηθῆναι ἄκοντος ἐμοῦ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι· ὅπερ ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπων οὐκ ἔνι. Ἡμεῖς γὰρ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν ἄλλως θεῖναι, ἀλλ' ἀναιροῦντες ἑαυτούς. Εἰ δὲ ἐμπίπτοιμεν εἰς ἐπιβουλεύοντάς τινας καὶ κυρίους ἀνελεῖν, οὐκ ἔτι ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ θεῖναι καὶ μὴ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀκόντων ἡμῶν ἐκεῖνοι αὐτὴν ἀναιροῦσιν. Ἐπ' αὐτοῦ δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρων ἐπιβουλευόντων κύριος ἦν αὐτὸς μὴ θεῖναι αὐτήν. Εἰπὼν οὖν, ὅτι Οὐδεὶς αὐτὴν αἴρει ἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τότε ἐπήγαγεν· Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου· τουτέστιν, Ἐγὼ μόνος εἰμὶ κύριος τοῦ θεῖναι αὐτήν· ὅπερ ἐφ' ὑμῶν οὐκ ἔστι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ κύριοί εἰσι τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτὴν ἀφ' ἡμῶν. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐκ εἶπεν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔμελλεν ὁ λόγος ἀξιόπιστος εἶναι· ἀλλ' ὅτε τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων ἔλαβε μαρτυρίαν, καὶ πολλάκις ἐπιβουλεύσαντες οὐκ ἴσχυσαν αὐτὸν κατασχεῖν (καὶ γὰρ ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν μυριάκις)· τότε λοιπόν φησιν, Οὐδεὶς αὐτὴν αἴρει ἀπ' ἐμοῦ. Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο ἀληθὲς, κἀκεῖνο ἕπεται, τὸ ἑκόντα ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἔρχεσθαι. Τούτου δὲ ὄντος ἀληθοῦς, κἀκεῖνο συνέστηκε, τὸ ἡνίκα ἂν βουληθῇ λαβεῖν αὐτὴν, δυνηθῆναι πάλιν. Εἰ γὰρ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν μεῖζον ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἦν, μηδὲ περὶ ἐκείνου λοιπὸν ἀμφίβαλλε. Τὸ γὰρ αὐτὸν μόνον εἶναι κύριον τοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν ἀφεῖναι, δείκνυσι καὶ τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτὴν κύριον ὄντα ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς 59.331 ἐξουσίας. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἀπὸ τοῦ προτέρου τὸ δεύτερον κατεσκεύασε, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἔδειξεν ἀναμφισβήτητον; Ταύτην τὴν ἐντολὴν ἔλαβον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Τὸ ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κόσμου. Ἆρ' οὖν ἀνέμεινεν ἀκοῦσαι πρότερον, καὶ τότε εἵλετο, καὶ ἐδέησεν αὐτὸ μαθεῖν; Καὶ τίς ἂν τοῦτο νοῦν ἔχων εἴποι; Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἀνωτέρω εἰπὼν, ∆ιὰ τοῦτό με ὁ Πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ, τὴν ἑκούσιον ἐδήλωσεν ὁρμὴν, καὶ τὴν τῆς ἐναντιότητος ἀνεῖλεν ὑπόνοιαν· οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐντολὴν εἰληφέναι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς εἰπὼν, οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐμφαίνει, ἢ ὅτι Ἐκείνῳ δοκεῖ τοῦτο, ὃ ἐγὼ ποιῶ· ἵν' ὅταν αὐτὸν ἀνέλωσι, μὴ νομίσωσιν ὡς ἐγκαταλελειμμένον καὶ προδιδόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀνῃρηκέναι, μηδὲ ὀνειδίσωσιν ἅπερ ὠνείδισαν· Ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται σῶσαι· καὶ, Εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ. Καὶ μὴν διὰ τοῦτο οὐ καταβαίνει, ἐπειδὴ Υἱός ἐστι τοῦ Θεοῦ. γʹ. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ ἀκούων, ὅτι Ἐντολὴν ἔλαβον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἀλλότριον αὐτοῦ τὸ κατόρθωμα εἶναι νομίσῃς, προλαβὼν