248

3. For as if something new had happened, and not occurred in sequence, he introduces the question, and adds it to the answer. And what was this? From the face of the Lord the earth was shaken, from the face of the God of Jacob. Here again by ‘shaking’ he means astonishment, wonder, ecstasy, so as to show the magnitude of the events that had occurred. Then, showing how great is the virtue of a man, from the 55.308 servant he called the Master. Which Paul also said was given to those saints as the greatest honor, that they were set free from all worldly things. For he not only establishes the honor, but also adds the cause of the honor, in order to teach the hearer the way by which he can enjoy this preeminence. And what is this? That the Master is called from his servants. Wherefore he also said: For which cause God is not ashamed to be called their God. And how was he called their God? By saying: I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then, setting forth above the cause of such a calling, he said: And all these died, not having received the promises, but having seen them from afar, and embraced them, and confessed that they are strangers and pilgrims. This is the cause, wherefore he also added: For which cause God is not ashamed of them, to be called their God. What cause? Tell me. That they confessed to be strangers and pilgrims, and to have nothing in common with present things, but having torn themselves away from worldly things, they thus sojourned in a foreign land. Who turned the rock into pools of water, and the sharp rock into springs of water. What excuse, tell me, could the hard and unyielding have, when the rock and the sharp rock, both hard and unyielding, gives way to the command of God, but man, who is honored with reason, and is gentler than all things, becomes more senseless than it? For here by ‘sharp rock’ he means that which does not easily yield to iron, but is with difficulty broken off from the edges. But nevertheless, even it was dissolved into the opposite nature, and sent forth springs of water. For the creator of nature is able to change its very laws, and to demonstrate opposites; which he has often done in many places, showing that he is the one who made all things out of nothing. Having spoken, therefore, of the ancient benefactions, the wonders, the portents, how he delivered them from barbarian slavery, how he led them by the hand into freedom, and changed the elements, and filled all things with pleasure, he also prays for present things, fleeing to the same harbor. Then since that too has happened, not because of the worth of those who received the benefit, but because of the loving-kindness of God, and for the sake of his name; which he said, ‘That my name may not be profaned, but that all may learn through the things that happen his strength and his power,’ and this might become a subject of teaching; this same plea he now puts forward, saying: Even if we have been betrayed by our life, and are without boldness from our works, do it for your name's sake, which Moses also said then. Which this one also says, speaking in harmony with him: Not to us, O Lord, not to us, but to your name give glory. Not for our sake, he says, that you might make us more glorious and distinguished, but that you yourself might make your power manifest everywhere. But just as his name is glorified when he helps and assists; so again it is glorified when we live in virtue and are resplendent in our way of life. For let your light, he says, shine before men, that they may see your good works, and 55.309 glorify your Father, who is in heaven. As therefore he is glorified when we are in virtue, so again he is blasphemed when we persist in wickedness. Indeed, making this clear through the prophet, he said: My name is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you. But since from nowhere else does he have the advocacy to make on their behalf, upon

248

γʹ. Ὡς γὰρ καινοῦ τινος γενομένου, καὶ οὐ κατὰ ἀκολουθίαν συμβάντος, τὴν ἐρώτησιν ἐπάγει, καὶ προστίθησι τῇ ἀποκρίσει. Τίς δὲ ἦν αὕτη; Ἀπὸ προσώπου Κυρίου ἐσαλεύθη ἡ γῆ, ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Θεοῦ Ἰακώβ. Ἐνταῦθα πάλιν σάλον τὴν ἔκπληξινλέγει, τὸ θαῦμα, τὴν ἔκστασιν, ὥστε δεῖξαι τὸ μέγεθος τῶν γεγενημένων. Εἶτα δεικνὺς ὅσον ἐστὶν ἀνδρὸς ἀρετὴ, ἀπὸ τοῦ 55.308 δούλου τὸν ∆εσπότην ἐκάλεσεν. Ὃ καὶ Παῦλος ἀντὶ μεγίστης τιμῆς ἔφη τοῖς ἁγίοις δεδόσθαι ἐκείνοις, ὅτι δὴ τῶν βιωτικῶν ἀπηλλάγησαν ἁπάντων. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τὴν τιμὴν μόνον τίθησιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς τιμῆς προστίθησιν, ἵνα τὸν ἀκροατὴν διδάξῃ τὴν ὁδὸν, δι' ἧς δύναται ταύτης ἀπολαῦσαι τῆς προεδρίας. Τίς δέ ἐστιν αὕτη; Τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν δούλων καλεῖσθαι τὸν ∆εσπότην. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἔλεγε· ∆ι' ἢν αἰτίαν οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται ὁ Θεὸς, Θεὸς καλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν. Πῶς δὲ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτῶν ἐκαλεῖτο· Λέγων· Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ. Εἶτα καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς τοιαύτης κλήσεως ἀνωτέρω τιθεὶς, εἶπε· Καὶ οὗτοι πάντες ἀπέθανον, μὴ κομισάμενοι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας, ἀλλὰ πόῤῥωθεν αὐτὰς ἰδόντες, καὶ ἀσπασάμενοι, καὶ ὁμολογήσαντες, ὅτι ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοί εἰσιν. Αὕτη ἡ αἰτία, διὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγε· ∆ι' ἣν αἰτίαν οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, Θεὸς καλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν. Ποίαν αἰτίαν; εἰπέ μοι. Ὅτι ὡμολόγησαν ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι εἶναι, καὶ μηδὲν κοινὸν ἔχειν πρὸς τὰ παρόντα, ἀλλ' ἀποῤῥήξαντες ἑαυτοὺς τῶν βιωτικῶν, οὕτως ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ διέτριβον. Τοῦ στρέψαντος τὴν πέτραν εἰς λίμνας ὑδάτων, καὶ τὴν ἀκρότομον εἰς πηγὰς ὑδάτων. Ποίαν ἔχοιεν ἂν, εἰπέ μοι, συγγνώμην οἱ σκληροὶ καὶ δυσένδοτοι, ὅταν ἡ πέτρα καὶ ἡ ἀκρότομος καὶ σκληρὰ καὶ δυσένδοτος εἴκῃ τῷ προστάγματι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἄνθρωπος δὲ, ὁ λόγῳ τετιμημένος, καὶ πάντων ἡμερώτερος, ἐκείνης ἀναισθητότερος γίνηται; Ἀκρότομον γὰρ ἐνταῦθά φησι τὴν σιδήρῳ οὐ ῥᾳδίως εἴκουσαν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῶν ἄκρων μόλις ἀποθραυομένην. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ ἐκείνη εἰς τὴν ἐναντίαν διελύθη φύσιν, καὶ πηγὰς ἀφῆκεν ὑδάτων. Ὁ γὰρ τῆς φύσεως δημιουργὸς, καὶ τοὺς ὅρους αὐτοὺς μεταθεῖναι δύναται, καὶ τὰ ἐναντία ἐπιδείξασθαι· ὃ πολλαχοῦ πολλάκις ἐποίησε, δεικνὺς ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων τὰ πάντα ποιήσας. Εἰπὼν τοίνυν τὰς παλαιὰς εὐεργεσίας, τὰ θαύματα, τὰ τεράστια, πῶς ἀπήλλαξε βαρβαρικῆς δουλείας, πῶς εἰς ἐλευθερίαν ἐχειραγώγησε, καὶ τὰ στοιχεῖα μετέβαλε, καὶ πάντα ἡδονῆς ἐνέπλησε, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν παρόντων δεῖται, ἐπὶ τὸν αὐτὸν καταφεύγων λιμένα. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ κἀκεῖνο γεγένηται, οὐ διὰ τὴν ἀξίαν τῶν εὐεργετουμένων, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν, καὶ διὰ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ· ὅπερ ἔλεγεν, Ἵνα μὴ βεβηλωθῇ τὸ ὄνομά μου, ἀλλὰ πάντες μάθωσι διὰ τῶν γινομένων τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν δύναμιν, καὶ τοῦτο διδασκαλίας ὑπόθεσις γένηται· τοῦτο καὶ νῦν προβάλλεται τὸ δικαίωμα, λέγων· Εἰ καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ βίου προδεδόμεθα, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων ἐσμὲν ἀπαῤῥησίαστοι, διὰ τὸ ὄνομά σου ποίησον, ὃ καὶ Μωϋσῆς τότε ἔλεγεν. Ὃ καὶ οὗτός φησι, συνῳδὰ ἐκείνῳ φθεγγόμενος· Μὴ ἡμῖν, Κύριε, μὴ ἡμῖν, ἀλλ' ἢ τῷ ὀνόματί σου δὸς δόξαν. Μὴ δι' ἡμᾶς, φησὶν, ἵνα ἡμᾶς λαμπροτέρους ποιήσῃς καὶ ἐπισήμους, ἀλλ' ἵνα αὐτὸς πανταχοῦ κατάδηλόν σου τὴν δύναμιν ἐργάσῃ. Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ δοξάζεται, ἀντιλαμβανομένου καὶ βοηθοῦντος· οὕτω πάλιν δοξάζεται ἐν ἀρετῇ βιούντων ἡμῶν καὶ λαμπόντων κατὰ τὴν πολιτείαν. Λαμψάτω γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸ φῶς ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὅπως ἴδωσι τὰ καλὰ ἔργα ὑμῶν, καὶ 55.309 δοξάσωσι τὸν Πατέρα ὑμῶν, τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Ὥσπερ τοίνυν δοξάζεται ἐν ἀρετῇ ὄντων ἡμῶν, οὕτω πάλιν βλασφημεῖται ἐν κακίᾳ διατριβόντων. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου δηλῶν, ἔλεγε· Τὸ ὄνομά μου δι' ὑμᾶς βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ οὐδαμόθεν ἑτέρωθεν ἔχει τὴν συνηγορίαν τὴν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ποιήσασθαι, ἐπὶ