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a river boiling with the roar of fire, and the loss of the kingdom, the most grievous of all things. With these things therefore threatened, tell me, do you laugh and live in luxury? and while your Master is angered and threatening, do you stand at ease? And do you not fear that by this you may kindle a bright furnace for yourself? Do you not hear what he cries out each day? You saw me hungry, and you did not feed me; thirsty, and you did not give me drink. Depart into the fire prepared for the devil and his angels; and he threatens these things each day. But I fed him, one says. When and for how many days? For ten and twenty? But he does not wish it for so long a time only, but for as long as you live upon the earth. Since the virgins also had oil, but not enough for their salvation. For indeed they too lit their lamps, but they were shut out from the bridal chamber; and very rightly. For they were extinguished before the coming of the bridegroom. Because of this, we need much oil, and abundant philanthropy. Hear then what the prophet says: Have mercy on me, O God, according to your great mercy. Therefore we also must so have mercy on our neighbors, according to the great mercy that is in us. For as we are towards our fellow servants, so shall we find our Master. And what is great mercy? When we give not from our abundance, but from our want. But if not even from our abundance, what hope will there be for us? from where deliverance from those evils? where will we be able to flee and find salvation? For if the virgins after so many and so great toils had no comfort from anywhere; who 59.333 will stand up for us, when we hear those fearful words of the one judging, saying and reproaching us, that You did not feed me when I was hungry? For inasmuch as you did not do it to one, he says, of the least of these, you did not do it to me; saying these things not only about the disciples, nor about those who have taken up the monastic life, but about every faithful person. For such a one, even if he is a slave, even if he is one of the beggars in the marketplace, if he believes in God, it is right for him to enjoy every kindness. And if we overlook such a one naked or hungry, we will hear these words; and very rightly. For what burdensome or what oppressive thing did he ask of us? and what not of the things most exceedingly easy and simple? For he did not say, I was sick, and you did not raise me up; but, You did not visit me. He did not say, I was in prison, and you did not get me out; but, You did not come to me. Therefore, the lighter the commandments, the greater the punishment for those who disobey. For what is lighter, tell me, than to walk and to enter into a prison? and what is more pleasant? For when you see some in chains, others filthy, others with long hair, and clothed in rags, others being destroyed by hunger, and running to your feet like dogs; others with their sides pierced through, others now returning bound from the marketplace, and begging by day, and not even collecting necessary food, and in the evening being required by those in charge to perform that wicked and cruel service; even if you are a stone, you will surely become more philanthropic; and even if you are living a dissolute and debauched life, you will surely become more philosophical, observing human affairs in the misfortunes of others. For you will surely gain a conception of that fearful day, and of the various punishments. And turning over and considering these things, you will surely cast out anger, and pleasure, and the love of worldly affairs, and you will make your soul calmer than any most calm harbor; and you will philosophize about that judgment-seat, considering that if among men there is such providence, and order, and fear, and threats, much more so with God. For there is no authority except from God. He therefore who gave to rulers to command these things, will much more himself do them. 5. For if this fear did not exist, all things would have perished; since where so many punishments are threatening, many are they who desert to wickedness. Reflecting on these things [and], you will also be toward almsgiving

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ποταμὸς ζέων τῷ ῥοθίῳ τοῦ πυρὸς, καὶ βασιλείας ἔκπτωσις, τὸ πάντων χαλεπώτατον. Τούτων οὖν ἠπειλημένων, εἰπέ μοι, γελᾷς σὺ καὶ τρυφᾷς; καὶ τοῦ ∆εσπότου σου παροξυνομένου καὶ ἀπειλοῦντος, ἕστηκας ἀναπεπτωκώς; καὶ οὐ δέδοικας μὴ τούτῳ σαυτῷ λαμπρὰν ἀνάψῃς τὴν κάμινον; Οὐκ ἀκούεις τί καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν βοᾷ; Πεινῶντά με εἴδετε, καὶ οὐκ ἐθρέψατε· διψῶντα, καὶ οὐκ ἐποτίσατε. Πορεύεσθε εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ· καὶ ταῦτα ἀπειλεῖ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν. Ἀλλ' ἔθρεψα, φησὶν, αὐτόν. Πότε καὶ πόσας ἡμέρας; δέκα καὶ εἴκοσι; Ἀλλ' οὐ τοσοῦτον βούλεται χρόνον μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅσον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς διατρίβεις. Ἐπεὶ καὶ αἱ παρθένοι εἶχον ἔλαιον, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀρκοῦν πρὸς σωτηρίαν αὐταῖς. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὗται ἀνῆψαν τὰς λαμπάδας, ἀλλ' ἀπεκλείσθησαν τοῦ νυμφῶνος· καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Ἔφθησαν γὰρ σβεσθεῖσαι πρὸ τῆς τοῦ νυμφίου παρουσίας. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο πολλοῦ ἡμῖν δεῖ τοῦ ἐλαίου, καὶ δαψιλοῦς τῆς φιλανθρωπίας. Ἄκουσον γοῦν τί φησιν ὁ προφήτης· Ἐλέησόν με, ὁ Θεὸς, κατὰ τὸ μέγα ἔλεός σου. Οὐκοῦν καὶ ἡμᾶς τοὺς πλησίον οὕτως ἐλεεῖν δεῖ, κατὰ τὸ μέγα ἔλεος τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν. Οἷοι γὰρ ἂν γενώμεθα περὶ τοὺς ὁμοδούλους, τοιούτου τευξόμεθα τοῦ ∆εσπότου. Ποῖον δὲ ἔλεος μέγα; Ὅταν μὴ ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος δῶμεν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ ὑστερήματος. Εἰ δὲ μηδὲ ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος, τίς ἡμῖν ἔσται ἐλπίς; πόθεν τῶν κακῶν ἐκείνων ἀπαλλαγή; ποῦ δυνησόμεθα φυγεῖν καὶ σωτηρίαν εὑρεῖν; Εἰ γὰρ αἱ παρθένοι μετὰ τοσούτους καὶ τηλικούτους ἱδρῶτας οὐδεμίαν οὐδαμόθεν ἔσχον παραμυθίαν· τίς 59.333 ἡμῶν προστήσεται, ὅταν ἀκούσωμεν ἐκεῖνα τὰ φοβερὰ ῥήματα αὐτοῦ τοῦ δικάζοντος, λέγοντος καὶ ὀνειδίζοντος ἡμᾶς, ὅτι Πεινῶντά με οὐκ ἐθρέψατε; Ἐφ' ὅσον γὰρ οὐκ ἐποιήσατε ἑνὶ, φησὶ, τῶν ἐλαχίστων τούτων, οὐδὲ ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε· οὐ περὶ τῶν μαθητῶν λέγων ταῦτα μόνον, οὐδὲ περὶ τῶν ἀνῃρημένων τὸν τῶν μοναχῶν βίον, ἀλλὰ περὶ παντὸς ἀνθρώπου πιστοῦ. Ὁ γὰρ τοιοῦτος, κἂν δοῦλος ᾖ, κἂν τῶν ἐν ἀγορᾷ προσαιτούντων, πιστεύῃ δὲ εἰς τὸν Θεὸν, δίκαιον πάσης αὐτὸν ἀπολαύειν εὐνοίας. Κἂν περιίδωμεν τὸν τοιοῦτον γυμνὸν ἢ πεινῶντα, ταῦτα ἀκουσόμεθα τὰ ῥήματα· καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Τί γὰρ βαρὺ, ἢ τί ἐπαχθὲς ᾔτησε παρ' ἡμῶν; τί δὲ οὐ τῶν σφόδρα εὐκολωτάτων καὶ ῥᾴστων; Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν· Ἀσθενῶν ἤμην, καὶ οὐκ ἀνεστήσατέ με· ἀλλ', Οὐκ ἐπεσκέψασθέ με. Οὐκ εἶπεν· Ἐν φυλακῇ ἤμην, καὶ οὐκ ἐξεβάλετέ με· ἀλλ', Οὐκ ἤλθετε πρός με. Ὅσῳ τοίνυν κοῦφα τὰ ἐπιτάγματα, τοσούτῳ μείζων ἡ κόλασις τοῖς παρακούουσι. Τί γὰρ κουφότερον, εἰπέ μοι, τοῦ βαδίσαι καὶ εἰς δεσμωτήριον εἰσελθεῖν; τί δὲ ἥδιον; Ὅταν γὰρ ἴδῃς τοὺς μὲν δεδεμένους, τοὺς δὲ αὐχμῶντας, τοὺς δὲ κομῶντας, καὶ ῥάκια περικειμένους, τοὺς δὲ ὑπὸ λιμοῦ φθειρομένους, καὶ ὡς κύνας τοῖς ποσὶ προστρέχοντας· ἑτέρους τὰς πλευρὰς διωρυγμένους, ἄλλους ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς νῦν ἐπανιόντας δεδεμένους, καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν μὲν ἐπαιτοῦντας, καὶ οὐδὲ τὴν ἀναγκαίαν συλλέγοντας τροφὴν, ἐν ἑσπέρᾳ δὲ παρὰ τῶν ἐφεστώτων τὴν πονηρὰν ἐκείνην καὶ ὠμὴν ἀπαιτουμένους λειτουργίαν· κἂν λίθος τις ᾖς, πάντως ἔσῃ φιλανθρωπότερος· κἂν τὸν ὑγρὸν καὶ διαλελυμένον ζῶν βίον, πάντως ἔσῃ φιλοσοφώτερος, τὰ ἀνθρώπινα πράγματα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἀλλοτρίαις ἐπισκοπῶν συμφοραῖς. Καὶ γὰρ τῆς φοβερᾶς ἐκείνης ἡμέρας ἔννοιαν λήψῃ πάντως, καὶ τῶν ποικίλων κολάσεων. Ταῦτα δὲ στρέφων καὶ λογιζόμενος, καὶ θυμὸν, καὶ ἡδονὴν, καὶ τὸν τῶν βιωτικῶν πραγμάτων ἔρωτα ἐκβαλεῖς πάντως, καὶ παντὸς λιμένος γαληνοτάτου γαληνοτέραν ἐργάσῃ τὴν ψυχήν· καὶ περὶ τοῦ δικαστηρίου φιλοσοφήσεις ἐκείνου, ἐννοῶν ὅτι εἰ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις τοσαύτη πρόνοια, καὶ τάξις, καὶ φόβος, καὶ ἀπειλαὶ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον παρὰ Θεῷ. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἐξουσία, εἰ μὴ παρὰ Θεοῦ. Ὁ τοίνυν τοῖς ἄρχουσι ταῦτα δοὺς διατάσσειν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτὸς αὐτὰ ἐργάσεται. εʹ. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ μὴ οὗτος ἦν ὁ φόβος, πάντα ἂν ἀπολώλει· ὅπου γε τοσούτων κολάσεων ἐπικειμένων, πολλοὶ οἱ πρὸς τὴν κακίαν αὐτομολοῦντές εἰσι. Ταῦτα [καὶ] φιλοσοφῶν, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην ἔσῃ