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they were made firm. He blesses you with that word, which is able to do such great things. The heaven of heaven is the Lord's, but the earth he has given to the sons of men. What are you saying? Did he choose heaven as a dwelling for himself, and taking the upper rooms, did he set apart for us the things here? Away with it; this is not so, but the word is one of condescension. For if this is so, how does the other thing stand, which was spoken by God? Do not I fill heaven and earth? says the Lord. For that is contrary to this, if we should accept it according to its ready utterance, and not consider the underlying contemplation. What then does he mean when he says: The heaven of heaven is the Lord's, but the earth he has given to the sons of men? He uses a word of condescension, not shutting God up in heaven. For neither the saying, Heaven is his throne, and the earth his footstool, nor the saying, I fill heaven and earth, is said in a manner worthy of him; but it too is condescension. For he himself contains all things, bears all things, not needing a place, but he himself holds all things together; but heaven is called his house, because it is a place pure from wickedness. Just as, then, heaven is not a choice here; so neither is it when he says, He set the boundaries of the nations according to the number of the angels of God, or that He chose the house of Jacob. For here he does not say this, that the Jews are his, but other men are not; but that they are destitute of his providence, and have been deprived of his creation. For he is the common God of all; and he used this word, showing his affection for them, since in some way they seemed to be better than the others. For that he did not choose them alone, but was the guardian of all, is shown both by the things before Moses, and no less by the things in his time, and after him the things that happened in each case. For he gave the sun, the earth, the sea, and all other things in common to all, and sowed the natural law in all. And Abraham, being a Persian, he both loved and translated; for through him he corrected the Egyptians, and those in Canaan, and those who came from Persia; again, through his son and grandson he made many of the neighbors there better, at least for his part. And when Moses was born, after this, through the things that happened to the Jews, he led the Egyptians to the knowledge of God, and those in Palestine, and after this those in Babylon. Thus when he says, The heaven of heaven is the Lord's, he says this, that for this reason he rests in those there, since they are delivered from all wickedness. And you too, if you are not nailed to the earth, but become an angel, will quickly ascend to heaven and to your paternal home, and 55.314 even before the resurrection you have already departed from here, and you have the dignity. For just as many of those who belong to the great senate, even while living in the country, have their dignity; so you too, if you wish to be a citizen in heaven, even while living here, will enjoy that worth. The dead will not praise you, O Lord, nor all those who go down into Hades. But we who are living will bless the Lord from this time forth and for evermore. By 'the dead' he does not mean those who have passed away, but those who have died in impieties, or those who have rotted in sins. Since even Abraham had died, and Isaac and Jacob, yet they were so alive that the living made memory of them. At least Moses, praying for the people led by him, beseeches God through them, having taken them up in supplication. And the three children also ask to be saved through these; for which reason they also say: Do not take your mercy from us, for the sake of Abraham your beloved, and for the sake of Isaac your servant, and Israel your holy one. But if they had such strength, how were they dead? And again Christ: Let the dead bury their own dead. For this reason Paul calls those who have died not 'dead', but 'those who have fallen asleep', writing: But I do not want you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning those who

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ἐστερεώθησαν. Ἐκείνῳ τῷ λόγῳ σε εὐλογεῖ, τῷ τοσαῦτα δυναμένῳ. Ὁ οὐρανὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ, τὴν δὲ γῆν ἔδωκε τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Τί λέγεις; ἐξελέξατο τὸν οὐρανὸν οἴκημα ἑαυτῷ, καὶ τὰ ὑπερῷα λαβὼν, ἡμῖν ἀφώρισε τὰ ἐνταῦθα; Ἄπαγε· οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ συγκαταβάσεως ὁ λόγος. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστι, πῶς τὸ ἕτερον ἕστηκε τὸ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ λεγόμενον; Οὐχὶ τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν ἐγὼ πληρῶ; λέγει Κύριος. Ἐκεῖνο γὰρ ἐναντίον τούτῳ, εἰ κατὰ τὴν πρόχειρον αὐτὸ προφορὰν ἐκδεξώμεθα, καὶ μὴ τὴν ἀποκειμένην αὐτοῖς σκοπήσωμεν θεωρίαν. Τί οὖν ἐστιν ὅ φησιν· Ὁ οὐρανὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ, τὴν δὲ γῆν ἔδωκε τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων; Συγκαταβατικῷ κέχρηται λόγῳ, οὐκ ἀποκλείων ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ τὸν Θεόν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ, Οὐρανὸς θρόνος αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἡ γῆ ὑποπόδιον· ὥσπερ οὐδὲ τὸ, Οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν ἐγὼ πληρῶ, ἀξίως αὐτοῦ εἴρηται· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸ συγκατάβασις. Πάντα γὰρ αὐτὸς περιέχει, πάντα φέρει, οὐ δεόμενος τόπου, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ἅπαντα συγκρατῶν· ἀλλὰ λέγεται ὁ οὐρανὸς αὐτοῦ οἶκος, διὰ τὸ καθαρὸν εἶναι χωρίον πονηρίας. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἐνταῦθα οὐκ ἐκλογὴ ὁ οὐρανός· οὕτως οὐδὲ ὅταν λέγῃ, Ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων Θεοῦ, ἢ ὅτι Ἐξελέξατο τὸν οἶκον Ἰακώβ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐνταῦθά φησι τοῦτο, ὅτι οἱ μὲν Ἰουδαῖοι αὐτοῦ, οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἄνθρωποι οὐκ ἔτι· ἀλλ' ἔρημοι τῆς προνοίας αὐτοῦ εἰσι, καὶ τῆς δημιουργίας ἀπεστέρηνται. Κοινὸς γὰρ ἁπάντων Θεός ἐστι· κέχρηται δὲ τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ, δεικνὺς τὸν πόθον τὸν περὶ αὐτοὺς, ἐπειδὴ ὁπωσοῦν τῶν ἄλλων ἐδόκουν εἶναι ἀμείνους. Ὅτι γὰρ οὐκ αὐτοὺς ἐξελέξατο μόνους, ἀλλὰ πάντων ἦν κηδεμὼν, δείκνυσι μὲν καὶ τὰ πρὸ Μωϋσέως, οὐκ ἔλαττον δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐπ' αὐτοῦ· καὶ μετὰ τοῦτον τὰ καθέκαστον γινόμενα. Τόν τε γὰρ ἥλιον, τὴν γῆν, τὴν θάλασσαν, τὰ ἄλλα πάντα κοινῇ πᾶσιν ἔδωκε, τόν τε φυσικὸν νόμον πᾶσιν ἐνέσπειρε. Τόν τε Ἀβραὰμ, Πέρσην ὄντα, καὶ ἐφίλει, καὶ μετετίθει· τούς τε γὰρ Αἰγυπτίους, τούς τε ἐν τῇ Χαναὰν, τούς τε ἀπὸ Περσίδος ἐλθόντας δι' αὐτοῦ διώρθωσε· πάλιν διά τε τοῦ παιδὸς τοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ τοῦ ἐκγόνου πολλοὺς τῶν ἐκεῖ γειτόνων βελτίους ἐποίει, τὸ γοῦν ἑαυτοῦ μέρος. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἐτέχθη, μετὰ ταῦτα διὰ τῶν εἰς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους γινομένων τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους πρὸς θεογνωσίαν ἐχειραγώγει, καὶ τοὺς ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα τοὺς ἐν Βαβυλῶνι. Οὕτως ὅταν λέγῃ, Ὁ οὐρανὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ, τοῦτο λέγει, ὅτι διὰ τοῦτο ἐπαναπαύεται τοῖς ἐκεῖ, ἐπειδὴ πάσης εἰσὶ πονηρίας ἀπηλλαγμένοι. Καὶ σὺ δὲ, ἂν μὴ τῇ γῇ προσηλωμένος ᾖς, ἀλλ' ἄγγελος γένῃ, ταχέως εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὸν πατρῷον οἶκον ἀναβήσῃ, καὶ 55.314 πρὸ τῆς ἀναστάσεως δὲ ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη μετέστης, καὶ τὸ ἀξίωμα ἔχεις. Καθάπερ γὰρ πολλοὶ τῶν εἰς τὴν μεγάλην σύγκλητον τελούντων, καὶ ἐν ἀγρῷ διατρίβοντες ἀξίωμα ἔχουσι· οὕτω καὶ σὺ ἐὰν βουληθῇς ἐν οὐρανῷ πολιτεύεσθαι, καὶ ἐνταῦθα διατρίβων, ἀπολαύσῃ τῆς ἀξίας ἐκείνης. Οὐχὶ οἱ νεκροὶ αἰνέσουσί σε, Κύριε, οὐδὲ πάντες οἱ καταβαίνοντες εἰς ᾅδου. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς οἱ ζῶντες εὐλογήσομεν τὸν Κύριον ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν καὶ ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος. Νεκροὺς οὐ τοὺς τετελευτηκότας φησὶν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐν ἀσεβείαις ἐναποθανόντας, ἢ τοὺς ἐν ἁμαρτήμασι κατασαπέντας. Ἐπεὶ καὶ Ἀβραὰμ τετελευτηκὼς ἦν, καὶ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακὼβ,ἀλλ' ὅμως οὕτως ἔζων, ὡς τὴν ἐκείνων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς ζῶντας. Ὁ γοῦν Μωϋσῆς ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δημαγωγουμένου λαοῦ προσευχόμενος, δι' αὐτῶν δυσωπεῖ τὸν Θεὸν, εἰς ἱκετηρίαν αὐτοὺς προσλαβών. Καὶ οἱ τρεῖς δὲ παῖδες διὰ τούτους ἀξιοῦσι σώζεσθαι· διὸ καὶ λέγουσι· Μὴ ἀποστήσῃς τὸ ἔλεός σου ἀφ' ἡμῶν, δι' Ἀβραὰμ τὸν ἠγαπημένον ὑπὸ σοῦ, καὶ διὰ Ἰσαὰκ τὸν δοῦλόν σου, καὶ Ἰσραὴλ τὸν ἅγιόν σου. Εἰ δὲ τοσαύτην εἶχον ἰσχὺν, πῶς ἦσαν νεκροί; Καὶ πάλιν ὁ Χριστός· Ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο Παῦλος τοὺς ἀποθανόντας, οὐ νεκροὺς καλεῖ, ἀλλὰ τοὺς κοιμηθέντας, γράφων· Οὐ θέλω δὲ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοὶ, περὶ τῶν