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Peter, the chief of the apostles, denied him a third time. To these he became a stranger and an alien; but to the sons of his mother, who were indeed also his brothers, he became a stranger. The Gospel mentions his brothers and mother, when, having come to his own country, he taught in the synagogue, so that they were astonished and said: "Whence hath this man this wisdom? Is not this the carpenter's son? Are not his mother and his brothers and all his sisters with us? Whence then hath this man all these things?" If then we take the sons of his mother mentioned in the present text to be these, it is necessary to say that the holy Virgin became the mother of his other brothers. But James, who was called his brother, appears not having become estranged from him, nor a stranger to faith in him, but one of his most genuine disciples; so as also to be the first to receive the throne of the Church in Jerusalem. And his other brothers too, even if at first they did not believe in him, yet afterwards it is clear they did believe. For the Gospel relates that his mother and his brothers were standing outside seeking to speak with him. And in the Acts of the Apostles it is said that the apostles were all together continuing in prayer with Mary 23.740 his mother and with his brothers. How then can he be considered a stranger to them? So that there is no room for it to be said concerning them, "I have become a stranger to my brothers, and an alien to the sons of my mother." For he was not a stranger to them, but indeed very precious; so that his aforementioned brothers are no longer to be considered sons of Mary, but others besides these would be the sons of his mother spoken of through the psalm, to whom he became a stranger. You will understand the mother to be the Synagogue of the Jews and all the kindred according to the flesh of the circumcision; and the sons of such a mother to be those who denied him, and said: "But as for this man, we do not know where he is from." Therefore he said to them, since they considered him a stranger: "Why do you not understand my speech? because you cannot hear my word." Again they considered him a stranger, saying: "Do we not say rightly that you are a Samaritan, and have a demon?" Therefore he said to them: "I have come in my Father's name, and you do not receive me; if another comes in his own name, him you will receive." Thus then he became a stranger and an alien to the sons of his mother. But he endured all these things for the reason that is added, which he necessarily presents, saying: "For zeal for your house has consumed me, and the reproaches of those who reproached you have fallen on me." For since, using great boldness, he both rebuked and drove out those who were making his Father's house a house of trade and a den of thieves, for this reason they plotted against him; which the evangelist indeed presents, saying: "And the Passover of the Jews was near, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem;and he found in the temple those selling sheep and oxen, and of the money-changers he poured out the coins and the tables. And to those who sold doves he said: 'Take these things hence, and do not make my Father's house a house of trade;'" he adds: "His disciples remembered that it is written: 'Zeal for your house has consumed me.'" But also taking upon himself the reproaches of those reproaching God, he became the avenger of these; wherefore he said: "And the reproaches of those who reproached you have fallen on me." For not enduring those who through their own works brought reproach upon the law of godliness, he made rebukes against the rulers of the nation. Therefore he exhorted the crowds and his disciples, saying: "The Scribes and the Pharisees have sat on the seat of Moses; therefore all that they tell you, do and observe; but according to the works

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κορυφαῖος τῶν ἀποστόλων Πέτρος ἠρνήσατο αὐτὸν τρίτον. Τούτοις ξένος καὶ ἀπηλλοτριωμένος ἐγενήθη· τοῖς δὲ υἱοῖς τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ, οὐ μὴν καὶ ἀδελφοῖς οὖσιν αὐτοῦ, ξένος γέγονε. Μέμνηται δὲ τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ μητρὸς, ὅτε, ἐλθὼν εἰς τὴν πατρίδα αὐτοῦ, ἐδίδασκεν ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ, ὡς ἐκπλήσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς καὶ λέγειν· «Πόθεν τούτῳ ἡ σοφία αὕτη; Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός; Οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ αἱ ἀδελφαὶ αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς εἰσι; Πόθεν τούτῳ ταῦτα πάντα;» Ἐὰν μὲν οὖν τοὺς ἐν τῷ μετὰ χεῖρας λεγομένους υἱοὺς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ τούτους εἶναι ἐκλάβοιμεν, ἀνάγκη τὴν ἁγίαν Παρθένον μητέρα φάναι γεγονέναι τῶν λοιπῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ. Ἀλλ' ἐπιφαίνεται Ἰάκωβος ὁ χρηματίσας αὐτοῦ ἀδελφὸς οὐκ ἀπεξενωμένος αὐτοῦ γεγονὼς, οὐδὲ ἀλλότριος τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν πίστεως, εἷς δὲ τῶν σφόδρα γνησίων αὐτοῦ μαθητῶν· ὡς καὶ τὸν θρόνον ἀναδέξασθαι πρῶτον τῆς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις Ἐκκλησίας. Καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀδελφοὶ, εἰ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα κατ' ἀρχὰς οὐκ ἐπίστευον εἰς αὐτὸν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ ταῦτα δῆλοί εἰσι πιστεύσαντες. Ἱστορεῖ δ' οὖν τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον, ὡς ἄρα ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ εἱστήκεισαν ἔξω ζητοῦντες λαλῆσαι αὐτῷ. Καὶ ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι δὲ τῶν ἀποστόλων λέλεκται, ὡς ἄρα ἦσαν οἱ ἀπόστολοι κοινῇ πάντες προσκαρτεροῦντες τῇ προσευχῇ σὺν Μαριὰμ 23.740 τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ. Πῶς οὖν δύναται τούτοις ξένος εἶναι νομίζεσθαι; Ὥστε μὴ χώραν ἔχειν περὶ τούτων λέγεσθαι τὸ, «Ἀπηλλοτριωμένος ἐγενήθην τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου, καὶ ξένος τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς μητρός μου.» Οὐ γὰρ ἦν τούτων ξένος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄγαν τίμιος· ὡς μηκέτι τοὺς προλεχθέντας αὐτοῦ ἀδελφοὺς υἱοὺς εἶναι τῆς Μαρίας ἡγεῖσθαι, ἕτεροι δ' ἂν εἶεν παρὰ τούτους οἱ διὰ τοῦ ψαλμοῦ λεγόμενοι υἱοὶ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ, οἷς ξένος ἐγενήθη. Νοήσεις δὲ μητέρα μὲν τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων Συναγωγὴν καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν κατὰ σάρκα συγγένειαν τῶν ἐκ περιτομῆς· υἱοὺς δὲ τῆς τοιαύτης μητρὸς τοὺς ἀρνησαμένους αὐτὸν, καὶ εἰρηκότας· «Τοῦτον δὲ οὐκ οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν·» ∆ιὸ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς, ἐπειδὴ ξένον αὐτὸν ἐνόμιζον· «∆ιὰ τί τὴν λαλιὰν τὴν ἐμὴν οὐ γινώσκετε; ὅτι οὐ δύνασθε ἀκούειν τὸν λόγον τὸν ἐμόν.» Ξένον δὲ αὐτὸν πάλιν ἡγοῦντο λέγοντες· «Οὐ καλῶς ἡμεῖς λέγομεν ὅτι Σαμαρείτης εἶ σὺ, καὶ δαιμόνιον ἔχεις;» ∆ιὸ ἔλεγε πρὸς αὐτούς· «Ἐγὼ ἐλήλυθα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου, καὶ οὐ λαμβάνετέ με· ἐὰν ἄλλος ἔλθῃ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἰδίῳ, ἐκεῖνον λήψεσθε.» Οὕτω τοίνυν ξένος καὶ ἀλλότριος γέγονε τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ. Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα ὑπέμεινε διὰ τὴν ἐπιλεγομένην αἰτίαν, ἣν ἀναγκαίως παρίστησι λέγων· «Ὅτι ὁ ζῆλος τοῦ οἴκου σου κατέφαγέ με, καὶ οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε ἐπέπεσαν ἐπ' ἐμέ.» Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ, πολλῇ παῤῥησίᾳ χρώμενος, τοὺς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ οἶκον ἐμπορίου καὶ σπήλαιον λῃστῶν ποιοῦντας ἤλεγχέ τε καὶ ἤλαυνε, τούτου χάριν ἐπεβούλευον αὐτῷ· ὃ δὴ παρίστησιν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς εἰπών· «Καὶ ἦν ἐγγὺς τὸ Πάσχα τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ ἀνέβη ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα·καὶ εὗρεν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ πωλοῦντας πρόβατα καὶ βόας, καὶ τῶν κολλυβιστῶν ἐξέχεε τὰ κέρματα καὶ τὰς τραπέζας. Καὶ τοῖς τὰς περιστερὰς πωλοῦσιν εἶπεν· Ἄρατε ταῦτα ἐντεῦθεν, καὶ μὴ ποιεῖτε τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Πατρός μου οἶκον ἐμπορίου·» ἐπιλέγει· «Ἐμνήσθησαν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι γεγραμμένον ἐστίν· Ὁ ζῆλος τοῦ οἴκου σου κατέφαγέ με.» Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ὀνειδισμοὺς τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων τὸν Θεὸν εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἀναλαμβάνων, ἔκδικος ἐγένετο τούτων· διὸ ἔλεγε· «Καὶ οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε ἐπέπεσαν ἐπ' ἐμέ.» Οὐ γὰρ φέρων τοὺς διὰ τῶν οἰκείων ἔργων ὄνειδος προστρίβοντας τῷ τῆς θεοσεβείας νόμῳ, τοὺς ἐλέγχους ἐποιεῖτο κατὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων τοῦ ἔθνους. ∆ιὸ τοῖς ὄχλοις καὶ τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ παρῄνει λέγων· «Ἐπὶ τῆς καθέδρας Μωϋσέως ἐκάθισαν οἱ Γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι· πάντα οὖν ὅσα ἂν εἴπωσιν ὑμῖν ποιήσατε καὶ τηρεῖτε· κατὰ δὲ τὰ ἔργα