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in ninety-three years, as the church there was about 2.308 to be led astray and absorbed into the heresy of the Phrygians. For thus the Lord immediately refutes them in the Apocalypse, saying "Write to the angel of the church in Thyatira: Thus says he who has his eyes like a flame of fire and his feet are like fine brass: I know your works and faith and love and service, and that your last are more than the first. But I have against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel deceiving my servants, calling herself a prophetess, teaching to eat things sacrificed to idols and to commit fornication. And I gave her time to repent and she does not want to repent of her fornication." Do you not see, you people, that he speaks of the women who in the conceit of prophecy are deceived and deceive many? I mean concerning Priscilla and Maximilla and Quintilla, whose deceit did not escape the Holy Spirit, but he foretold it prophetically through the mouth of the holy John, who prophesied before his death in the times of Claudius Caesar and earlier, when he was on the island of Patmos; for these people also confess that these things have been fulfilled in Thyatira. Therefore, then, according to prophecy he wrote to those living there in Christ at that time that a woman was going to call herself a prophetess. And the argument devised from all sides and raised up against the truth has fallen, as the word according to the Apocalypse is shown to be truly prophetic from the Holy Spirit. 34. And again the same people are puffed up in their minds, hunting for words without experience, so that they might seem to reject the books of the holy apostle, I mean of the same John, both the gospel and the Apocalypse, and perhaps also the epistles; for these also are in harmony with the gospel and the Apocalypse, and they say that "I saw, and he said to the angel: Release 2.309 the four angels who are at the Euphrates. And I heard the number of the army, myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands, and they were clothed in breastplates of fire and of sulfur and of hyacinth." For such people thought that the truth is somehow ridiculous. For if he speaks of the four angels who are stationed at the Euphrates, it is to show the different nations there situated upon the Euphrates, which are the Assyrians, Babylonians and Medes and Persians. For these four kingdoms are mentioned in succession in Daniel, of which the Assyrians first reigned, and the Babylonians in his times, and the Medes succeeded them, and after them the Persians, of whom Cyrus was the first king. For the nations are appointed under angels, as Moses, the holy servant of God, testifies to me, interpreting the word in sequence and saying "Ask your father and he will show you, your elders and they will tell you: When the Most High divided the nations, when he scattered the sons of Adam, he set the boundaries of the nations according to the number of the angels of God; and his people Jacob became the Lord's portion, Israel the lot of his inheritance." If therefore the nations are appointed under angels, he rightly said: "Release the four ang2.310els who are at the Euphrates," evidently being in charge and restraining the nations from making war, until the time of the Lord's long-suffering, until he commands vengeance for his saints to be carried out through them. For the appointed angels are restrained by the spirit, not having the opportune moment for attack, because they have not yet unleashed the judgment for the other nations to be released on account of the outrage against the saints. But such are released and come upon the earth, as John prophesies and the other prophets; for the angels being moved move the nations to an impulse of vengeance. And that he signified breastplates of sulfur and fire and hyacinth, let no one doubt. For those nations have their clothing of such a color. For the sulfur-colored garments color

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ἐνενήκοντα τρισὶν ἔτεσιν, ὡς μελλού2.308 σης τῆς ἐκεῖσε ἐκκλησίας πλανᾶσθαι καὶ χωνεύεσθαι ἐν τῇ κατὰ Φρύγας αἱρέσει. οὕτω γὰρ εὐθὺς διελέγχει αὐτοὺς ὁ κύριος ἐν τῇ Ἀποκαλύψει λέγων «γράψον τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Θυατείροις ἐκκλησίας· τάδε λέγει ὁ ἔχων τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ ὡς φλόγα πυρὸς καὶ οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὅμοιοι χαλκολιβάνῳ· οἶδά σου τὰ ἔργα καὶ τὴν πίστιν καὶ ἀγάπην καὶ τὴν διακονίαν, καὶ ὅτι τὰ ἔσχατά σου πλείονα τῶν πρώτων. ἔχω δὲ κατὰ σοῦ, ὅτι ἀφεῖς τὴν γυναῖκα Ἰεζάβελ ἀπατᾶν τοὺς δούλους μου, λέγουσαν ἑαυτὴν προφῆτιν, διδάσκουσαν φαγεῖν εἰδωλόθυτα καὶ πορνεύειν. καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ χρόνον μετανοῆσαι καὶ οὐ θέλει μετανοῆσαι ἐκ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς». οὐχ ὁρᾶτε, ὦ οὗτοι, ὅτι περὶ τῶν γυναικῶν λέγει τῶν ἐν οἰήσει προφητείας ἀπατωμένων καὶ ἀπατωσῶν πολλούς; φημὶ δὲ περὶ Πρισκίλλας καὶ Μαξιμίλλας καὶ Κυϊντίλλας, ὧν ἡ ἀπάτη οὐ λέληθε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, ἀλλὰ προεθέσπισε προφητικῶς ἐν τῷ στόματι τοῦ ἁγίου Ἰωάννου, πρὸ κοιμήσεως αὐτοῦ προφητεύσαντος ἐν χρόνοις Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος καὶ ἀνωτάτω, ὅτε εἰς τὴν Πάτμον νῆσον ὑπῆρχεν· ὁμολογοῦσι γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι ἐν Θυατείροις ταῦτα πεπληρῶσθαι. ἄρα γοῦν κατὰ προφητείαν ἔγραφε τοῖς ἐκεῖ ἐν Χριστῷ κατ' ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ πεπολιτευμένοις ὅτι ἤμελλεν ἑαυτὴν γυνὴ προφῆτιν καλεῖν. καὶ διέπεσεν ὁ κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐπεγειρόμενος πανταχόθεν ἐπινενοημένος λόγος, δεικνυμένου τοῦ κατὰ τὴν Ἀποκάλυψιν λόγου προφητικοῦ ὄντος ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου κατὰ ἀλήθειαν. 34. Ἐπαίρονται δὲ πάλιν τῇ διανοίᾳ οἱ αὐτοὶ λεξιθηροῦντες ἀπείρως, ἵνα δόξωσι παρεκβάλλειν τὰ τοῦ ἁγίου ἀποστόλου βιβλία, φημὶ δὲ τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἰωάννου τό τε εὐαγγέλιον καὶ τὴν Ἀποκάλυψιν τάχα δὲ καὶ τὰς ἐπιστολάς· συνᾴδουσι γὰρ καὶ αὗται τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ καὶ τῇ Ἀποκαλύψει, καί φασιν ὅτι «εἶδον, καὶ εἶπε τῷ ἀγγέλῳ· λῦσον 2.309 τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀγγέλους τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ Εὐφράτου. καὶ ἤκουσα τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ στρατοῦ, μύριαι μυριάδες καὶ χίλιαι χιλιάδες καὶ ἦσαν ἐνδεδυμένοι θώρακας πυρίνους καὶ θειώδεις καὶ ὑακινθίνους». ἐνόμισαν γὰρ οἱ τοιοῦτοι μή πη ἄρα γελοῖόν τί ἐστιν ἡ ἀλήθεια. ἐὰν γὰρ λέγῃ τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀγγέλους τοὺς ἐν τῷ Εὐφράτῃ καθεζομένους, ἵνα δείξῃ τὰς διαφορὰς τῶν ἐκεῖσε ἐθνῶν καθεζομένων ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην, οἵτινές εἰσιν Ἀσσύριοι, Βαβυλώνιοι καὶ Μῆδοι καὶ Πέρσαι. αὗται γὰρ αἱ τέσσαρες βασιλεῖαι κατὰ διαδοχὴν ἐν τῷ ∆ανιὴλ ἐμφέρονται, ὧν πρῶτοι Ἀσσύριοι ἐβασίλευσαν καὶ Βαβυλώνιοι ἐν χρόνοις αὐτοῦ, Μῆδοι δὲ διεδέξαντο, μετ' αὐτοὺς δὲ Πέρσαι, ὧν πρῶτος γέγονε Κῦρος βασιλεύς. τὰ γὰρ ἔθνη ὑπὸ ἀγγέλους τεταγμένα εἰσίν, ὡς ἐπιμαρτυρεῖ μοι Μωυσῆς ὁ ἅγιος τοῦ θεοῦ θεράπων, τὸν λόγον κατὰ ἀκολουθίαν ἑρμηνεύων καὶ λέγων «ἐπερώτησον τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ ἀναγγελεῖ σοι, τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους σου καὶ ἐροῦσί σοι· ὅτε διεμέριζεν ὁ ὕψιστος ἔθνη, ὡς διέσπειρεν υἱοὺς Ἀδάμ, ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων θεοῦ· καὶ ἐγενήθη μερὶς κυρίου λαὸς αὐτοῦ Ἰακώβ, σχοίνισμα κληρονομίας αὐτοῦ Ἰσραήλ». εἰ οὖν τὰ ἔθνη ὑπὸ ἀγγέλους εἰσὶ τεταγμένα, δικαίως εἶπε· «λῦσον τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀγγέ2.310 λους τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ Εὐφράτου», ἐφισταμένους δηλονότι καὶ ἐπεχομένους ἐπιτρέπειν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν εἰς πόλεμον, ἕως καιροῦ μακροθυμίας κυρίου, ἕως προστάξῃ δι' αὐτῶν ἐκδικίαν γενέσθαι τῶν ἁγίων αὐτοῦ. κρατοῦνται γὰρ οἱ ἐπιτεταγμένοι ἄγγελοι ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος, μὴ ἔχοντες καιρὸν ἐπιδρομῆς, διὰ τὸ μηδέπω λύειν αὐτοὺς τὴν δίκην τοῦ τὰ λοιπὰ ἔθνη λύεσθαι ἕνεκεν τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους ὕβρεως. λύονται δὲ οἱ τοιοῦτοι καὶ ἐπέρχονται τῇ γῇ, ὡς Ἰωάννης προφητεύει καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ προφῆται· καὶ γὰρ κινούμενοι οἱ ἄγγελοι κινοῦσι τὰ ἔθνη εἰς ὁρμὴν ἐκδικίας. ὅτι δὲ θειώδεις καὶ πυρίνους καὶ ὑακινθίνους θώρακας ἐσήμαινεν, οὐδεὶς ἀμφιβάλλῃ. ἐκεῖνα γὰρ τὰ ἔθνη ἀπὸ τῆς τοιαύτης χρόας ἔχει τὴν ἀμφίασιν. τὰ μὲν γὰρ θειώδη ἱμάτια χρόα