264

just as it is not lawful for one who has fornicated to enter into the church, so neither is it for the envious; and much more for this one than for that one. For now it seems to be a thing of indifference; for this reason it has also been neglected; but if it becomes clear that it is evil, we will easily abstain from it. Weep therefore and groan; lament and beseech God. Learn how to be disposed and to repent concerning a grievous sin. And if you are thus disposed, you will quickly be delivered from the disease. And who does not know, 57.443 he says, that envy is evil? No one is ignorant of it; but yet they do not have the same opinion about fornication and adultery as they do about this passion. When, then, did anyone condemn himself for being bitterly envious? When did he ask God concerning this disease, that He might be merciful to him? No one, ever; but if he fasts and gives a poor man a little money, even if he is ten thousand times envious, he thinks he has done nothing terrible, though he is possessed by the foulest passion of all. Whence then did Cain become such? Whence Esau? Whence the sons of Laban? Whence the sons of Jacob? Whence those with Korah and Dathan and Abiram? Whence Miriam? Whence Aaron? Whence the devil himself? δʹ. Along with these things, consider this also, that you do not wrong the one who is envied, but you thrust the sword against yourself. For in what did Cain wrong Abel? Did he not more quickly and unwillingly send that one into the kingdom, while he entangled himself in ten thousand evils? In what did Esau harm Jacob? Did not the one grow rich and enjoy countless good things, while the other was cast out of his father's house and wandered in a foreign land after that plot? And how did his sons make Joseph worse, and this even to the point of bloodshed? Did not they both endure a famine and were in danger of the utmost extremities, while he became king of all Egypt? For by as much as you envy, by so much do you become the provider of greater good things for the one who is envied. For it is God who oversees these things; and when He sees one who has done no wrong being wronged, He raises him up the more and makes him illustrious in this way, but He punishes you. For if He does not allow those who rejoice over their enemies to pass unpunished—For do not rejoice, he says, at the fall of your enemies, lest God see it, and it displease Him—how much more those who envy those who have done them no wrong. Let us therefore cut out the many-headed beast. For many are the forms of envy. For if he who loves those who love him has no more than the tax collector, where will he who hates one who does him no wrong stand? And how will he escape Gehenna, becoming worse than the Gentiles? Therefore I am greatly distressed, that we who are commanded to imitate the angels, or rather the Lord of the angels, are emulating the devil. For envy is great both in the Church, and more among us than among those who are ruled. Therefore we must also reason with ourselves. For what reason, tell me, do you envy your neighbor? Because you see him enjoying honor and kind words? Then do you not consider how much evil honors bring to those who are not on their guard? lifting them up to vainglory, to pride, to arrogance, to contempt, making them more slothful; and along with these evils they also easily fade away. For this is the most grievous thing, that the evils from it remain immortal; but the pleasure at once appeared and flew away. Is it for these things, then, that you are envious? Tell me. But he has great authority with the ruler, and leads and carries everything wherever he wishes, and he grieves those who offend him, and benefits those who flatter him, and has great power. These are the words of worldly men, and of those who are nailed to the earth. For nothing will be able to grieve the spiritual man. For what terrible thing will he do to him? Will he depose him from his office? And what of that? For if it is justly, he is even benefited; for nothing so provokes God as to serve as priest unworthily; but if unjustly, the blame again goes to 57.444 that one, not to this one; for he who suffers anything unjustly, and bears it nobly, by this gains greater confidence before God. Let us not then consider this, how we may be in positions of power, and in honors, and in authority, but how we may be in virtue and philosophy. Since authorities indeed many of the things not to God

264

πεπορνευκότι οὐ θέμις εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, οὕτως οὐδὲ τῷ βασκαίνοντι· καὶ πολλῷ μᾶλλον τούτῳ ἢ ἐκείνῳ. Νῦν μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἀδιάφορον εἶναι δοκεῖ· διὸ καὶ ἠμέληται· ἂν δὲ φανερὸν γένηται πονηρὸν ὂν, ἀποστησόμεθα ῥᾳδίως. Κλαῦσον τοίνυν καὶ στέναξον· θρήνησον καὶ παρακάλεσον τὸν Θεόν. Μάθε ὡς περὶ ἁμαρτήματος χαλεποῦ διακεῖσθαι καὶ μετανοεῖν. Κἂν οὕτω διατεθῇς, ταχέως ἀπαλλαγήσῃ τοῦ νοσήματος. Καὶ τίς ἀγνοεῖ, 57.443 φησὶν, ὅτι πονηρὸν ἡ βασκανία; Ἀγνοεῖ μὲν οὐδείς· οὐ μὴν τὴν αὑτὴν περὶ πορνείας καὶ μοιχείας ἔχουσι δόξαν, καὶ περὶ τοῦ πάθους τούτου. Πότε γοῦν ἑαυτοῦ τις κατέγνω πικρῶς βασκήνας; πότε Θεὸν ἠξίωσεν ὑπὲρ τούτου τοῦ νοσήματος, ὥστε γενέσθαι αὐτῷ ἵλεων; Οὐδεὶς οὐδέποτε· ἀλλ' εἰ νηστεύσει καὶ πένητι δῷ μικρὸν ἀργύριον, κἂν μυριάκις βάσκανος ᾖ, οὐδὲν ἡγεῖται πεποιηκέναι δεινὸν, τῷ πάντων μιαρωτέρῳ κατεχόμενος πάθει. Πόθεν γοῦν ὁ Κάϊν τοιοῦτος ἐγένετο; πόθεν ὁ Ἡσαῦ; πόθεν οἱ τοῦ Λάβαν παῖδες; πόθεν οἱ τοῦ Ἰακὼβ υἱοί; πόθεν οἱ περὶ Κορὲ καὶ ∆αθὰν καὶ Ἀβειρών; πόθεν Μαρία; πόθεν Ἀαρών; πόθεν αὐτὸς ὁ διάβολος; δʹ. Μετὰ τούτων κἀκεῖνο ἐννόει, ὅτι οὐ τὸν φθονούμενον ἀδικεῖς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ σαυτοῦ τὸ ξίφος ὠθεῖς. Τί γὰρ τὸν Ἄβελ ἠδίκησεν ὁ Κάϊν; Οὐκ ἐκεῖνον μὲν ταχύτερον καὶ ἄκων εἰς βασιλείαν παρέπεμψεν, ἑαυτὸν δὲ μυρίοις περιέπειρε κακοῖς. Τί τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἔβλαψεν ὁ Ἡσαῦ; οὐχὶ ὁ μὲν ἐπλούτει καὶ μυρίων ἀπέλαυεν ἀγαθῶν, αὐτὸς δὲ καὶ τῆς πατρῴας οἰκίας ἐξέπιπτε, καὶ ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ ἐπλανᾶτο μετὰ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν ἐκείνην; Τί δὲ οἱ παῖδες τούτου τὸν Ἰωσὴφ ἐποίησαν χείρω, καὶ ταῦτα μέχρις αἵματος ἐλθόντες; οὐχὶ οὗτοι μὲν καὶ λιμὸν ὑπέμειναν καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἐκινδύνευσαν, ἐκεῖνος δὲ βασιλεὺς γέγονε τῆς Αἰγύπτου ἁπάσης; Ὅσῳ γὰρ ἂν φθονῇς, τοσούτῳ γίνῃ μειζόνων πρόξενος ἀγαθῶν τῷ φθονουμένῳ. Θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ταῦτα ἐφορῶν· καὶ ὅταν ἴδῃ τὸν οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντα ἀδικούμενον, αὐτὸν μὲν ἐπαίρει μᾶλλον καὶ ποιεῖ λαμπρὸν ταύτῃ, σὲ δὲ κολάζει. Εἰ γὰρ τοὺς ἐφηδομένους τοῖς ἐχθροῖς οὐκ ἀφίησιν ἀτιμωρητὶ παρελθεῖν, Μὴ ἐπίχαιρε γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐπὶ πτώματι ἐχθρῶν σου, μή ποτε ἴδῃ ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀρέσῃ αὐτῷ· πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς βασκαίνοντας τοῖς οὐδὲν ἠδικηκόσιν. Ἐκκόψωμεν τοίνυν τὸ πολυκέφαλον θηρίον. Καὶ γὰρ πολλὰ τὰ εἴδη τῆς βασκανίας. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ τὸν φιλοῦντα ἀγαπῶν οὐδὲν πλέον ἔχει τοῦ τελώνου, ὁ τὸν οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντα μισῶν ποῦ στήσεται; πῶς δὲ ἐκφεύξεται τὴν γέενναν, τῶν ἐθνικῶν χείρων γινόμενος; ∆ιὸ καὶ σφόδρα ὀδυνῶμαι, ὅτι οἱ τοὺς ἀγγέλους, μᾶλλον δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων τὸν ∆εσπότην μιμεῖσθαι κελευόμενοι, τὸν διάβολον ζηλοῦμεν. Καὶ γὰρ πολλὴ καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ ἡ βασκανία μᾶλλον δὲ ἐν ἡμῖν ἢ ἐν τοῖς ἀρχομένοις. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς διαλεκτέον. Τίνος γὰρ ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι, βασκαίνεις τῷ πλησίον; Ὅτι τιμῆς ἀπολαύοντα βλέπεις καὶ χρηστῶν ῥημάτων; Εἶτα οὐκ ἐννοεῖς πόσον φέρουσι κακὸν αἱ τιμαὶ τοῖς μὴ προσέχουσιν; εἰς κενοδοξίαν αἴρουσαι, εἰς τῦφον, εἰς ἀπόνοιαν, εἰς ὑπεροψίαν, ῥᾳθυμοτέρους ποιοῦσαι· καὶ μετὰ τούτων τῶν κακῶν καὶ μαραίνονται ῥᾳδίως. Τὸ γὰρ δὴ χαλεπώτατον τοῦτο, ὅτι τὰ μὲν ἐξ αὐτοῦ κακὰ ἀθάνατα μένει· ἡ δὲ ἡδονὴ ὁμοῦ τε ἐφάνη καὶ ἀπέπτη. ∆ιὰ ταῦτα οὖν βασκαίνεις; εἰπέ μοι. Ἀλλ' ἐξουσίαν ἔχει παρὰ τῷ κρατοῦντι πολλὴν, καὶ ἄγει καὶ φέρει πάντα ὅποι θέλει, καὶ τοὺς προσκρούοντας λυπεῖ, καὶ τοὺς κολακεύοντας εὐεργετεῖ, καὶ πολλὴν ἔχει δύναμιν. Βιωτικῶν ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα, καὶ τῶν τῇ γῇ προσηλωμένων ἀνθρώπων ἐστί. Τὸν γὰρ πνευματικὸν οὐδὲν λυπῆσαι δυνήσεται. Τί γὰρ αὐτῷ ἐργάσεται δεινόν; ἀποχειροτονήσει τῆς ἀξίας; Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Ἂν μὲν γὰρ δικαίως, καὶ ὠφελεῖται· οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω παροξύνει Θεὸν, ὡς τὸ παρ' ἀξίαν ἱερᾶσθαι· ἂν δὲ ἀδίκως, τὸ ἔγκλημα πάλιν ἐπὶ 57.444 ἐκεῖνον, οὐκ ἐπὶ τοῦτον χωρεῖ· ὁ γὰρ ἀδίκως τι παθὼν, καὶ γενναίως ἐνεγκὼν, πλείονα ταύτῃ κτᾶται πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν τὴν παῤῥησίαν. Μὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο σκοπῶμεν, ὅπως ὦμεν ἐν δυναστείαις, καὶ ἐν τιμαῖς, καὶ ἐν ἐξουσίαις, ἀλλ' ὅπως ὦμεν ἐν ἀρετῇ καὶ φιλοσοφίᾳ. Ὡς αἵ γε ἐξουσίαι πολλὰ τῶν τῷ Θεῷ μὴ