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they persuade them to do what seems good, and a very vigorous soul is needed, so as to use authority for what is needful. For the one deprived of it, both willingly and unwillingly, practices philosophy; but the one enjoying it suffers something of this sort, as if someone living with a beautiful and comely maiden, should accept laws never to look at her licentiously. For such is authority. For this reason it has cast many, even against their will, into insolence, and stirred up anger, and removed the bridle of the tongue, and tore open the door of the mouth, as if fanning the soul by a wind, and sinking the vessel into the uttermost depth of evils. Do you then admire one in so great a danger, and say he is to be emulated? and of how much folly is this? Consider then, along with what has been said, how many enemies and accusers, and how many flatterers this man has besieging him. Are these things, then, tell me, worthy of being called blessed? And who would say this? But, he says, he is well-reputed among the people. And what of that? For the people are not God, to whom he is to give account. So whenever you say 'people', you are saying nothing other than other headlands, and reefs, and underwater rocks, and ledges. For to be well-reputed among the people, the more glorious it makes one, the greater dangers, anxieties, and discouragements it has. For such a one cannot breathe or stand at all, having so bitter a master. And why do I say stand and breathe? Even if such a one has countless achievements, he with difficulty enters into the kingdom. For nothing is so accustomed to throw one headlong as glory from the many, making men cowardly, ignoble, flatterers, hypocrites. For what reason then did the Pharisees say that Christ was possessed by a demon? Was it not because they desired glory from the many? And whence did the many pass the right judgment concerning him? Was it not because they were not held by this disease? For nothing, nothing so makes men lawless and foolish, as to gape after the glory of the many; nothing makes them so reputable and adamantine, as to despise it. Therefore, a very vigorous soul is needed for one who is to withstand so great a rush and violence of wind. For when he is prosperous, he prefers himself to all; and when he endures the opposite, he wants to bury himself; and this is to him both Gehenna and kingdom, when he is submerged by this passion. 5. Are these things then worthy of envy, tell me? but not rather of lamentations and tears? It is surely clear to everyone. But you, by envying the one who is so well-reputed, do the same thing, as if someone, seeing a man bound and scourged and being torn by countless beasts, were to begrudge him his wounds and scourgings. For however many people the populace has, so many bonds and so many masters does this man have; and what is harder still, is that each of these has a different opinion, and they all vote on whatever comes up concerning the one who serves them, examining nothing, but ratifying whatever seems good to this one and that one. Therefore, than what waves, than what surge are these things not harder to bear? For such a one is suddenly puffed up by pleasure, and is easily submerged again, being always in irregularity, 57.445 but never in tranquility. For before the spectacle and the contests in speaking, he is held in agony and trembling; but after the spectacle, he has either died from despondency, or rejoices again immoderately; which is more grievous than grief. For that pleasure is no less an evil than grief, is clear from how it disposes the soul; for it makes it light and lofty and winged. And this can be seen also from the men of old. When then was David good? When he was rejoicing, or when he was in distress? When was the people of the Jews? When they were groaning and calling upon God, or when they were rejoicing in the desert, and worshipping the calf? Therefore also Solomon, who knew best of all what pleasure is, says 57.446: It is better to go to the house of mourning, than to the house of laughter. For this reason also Christ blesses some, saying, Blessed are those who mourn; and declares others wretched: For woe to you who laugh, for you shall weep. And very rightly so. For in luxury the soul is more puffed up and softer; but in mourning it is composed and sober, and of the passions

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δοκούντων ποιεῖν πείθουσι, καὶ σφόδρα νεανικῆς δεῖ ψυχῆς, ὥστε τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ εἰς δέον χρήσασθαι. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀπεστερημένος αὐτῆς, καὶ ἑκὼν καὶ ἄκων φιλοσοφεῖ· ὁ δὲ ἀπολαύων αὐτῆς, τοιοῦτόν τι πάσχει, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις κόρῃ συνοικῶν εὐειδεῖ καὶ καλῇ, νόμους δέξαιτο μηδέποτε εἰς αὐτὴν ἰδεῖν ἀκολάστως. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ ἐξουσία. ∆ιὸ πολλοὺς καὶ ἄκοντας εἰς τὸ ὑβρίζειν ἐνέβαλε, καὶ θυμὸν ἤγειρε, καὶ χαλινὸν γλώττης ἀφεῖλε, καὶ θύραν ἀνέσπασε στόματος, ὥσπερ ὑπὸ πνεύματος τὴν ψυχὴν ἀναῤῥιπίζουσα, καὶ εἰς τὸν ἔσχατον τῶν κακῶν βυθὸν καταποντίζουσα τὸ σκάφος. Τὸν οὖν ἐν τοσούτῳ κινδύνῳ θαυμάζεις, καὶ ζηλωτὸν εἶναι φῄς; καὶ πόσης ταῦτα ἀνοίας; Ἐννόησον γοῦν μετὰ τῶν εἰρημένων, πόσους ἐχθροὺς καὶ κατηγόρους, πόσους δὲ κόλακας οὗτος ἔχει πολιορκοῦντας αὐτόν. Ταῦτ' οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, μακαρισμῶν ἄξια; Καὶ τίς ἂν τοῦτο εἴποι; Ἀλλὰ παρὰ τῷ λαῷ, φησὶν, εὐδοκιμεῖ. Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Οὐ γὰρ δὴ ὁ λαός ἐστιν ὁ Θεὸς, ᾧ μέλλει τὰς εὐθύνας ὑπέχειν. Ὥστε ὅταν λαὸν εἴπῃς, οὐδὲν ἄλλο λέγεις, ἢ προβόλους ἑτέρους, καὶ σκοπέλους, καὶ ὑφάλους, καὶ σπιλάδας. Τὸ γὰρ εὐδοκιμεῖν ἐν δήμῳ, ὅσῳ λαμπρότερον ποιεῖ, τοσούτῳ μείζους ἔχει τοὺς κινδύνους, τὰς φροντίδας, τὰς ἀθυμίας. Ἀναπνεῦσαι γὰρ ὁ τοιοῦτος ἢ στῆναι οὐ δύναται ὅλως, οὕτω πικρὸν ἔχων δεσπότην. Καὶ τί λέγω στῆναι καὶ ἀναπνεῦσαι; Κἂν μυρία κατορθώματα ἔχῃ ὁ τοιοῦτος, δυσκόλως εἰς βασιλείαν εἰσέρχεται. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἐκτραχηλιάζειν εἴωθεν, ὡς ἡ παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν δόξα, δειλοὺς, ἀγεννεῖς, κόλακας, ὑποκριτὰς ποιοῦσα. Τίνος γοῦν ἕνεκεν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι τὸν Χριστὸν ἔλεγον δαιμονᾷν; οὐκ ἐπειδὴ τῆς παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν ἐπεθύμουν δόξης; Πόθεν δὲ οἱ πολλοὶ τὴν ὀρθὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ ἔφερον ψῆφον; Οὐκ ἐπειδὴ τούτῳ οὐ κατείχοντο τῷ νοσήματι; Οὐδὲν γὰρ, οὐδὲν οὕτω ποιεῖ παρανόμους καὶ ἀνοήτους, ὡς τὸ πρὸς τὴν τῶν πολλῶν κεχηνέναι δόξαν· οὐδὲν εὐδοκίμους καὶ ἀδαμαντίνους, ὡς τὸ ταύτης ὑπερορᾷν. ∆ιὸ καὶ σφόδρα νεανικῆς δεῖ ψυχῆς τῷ μέλλοντι πρὸς τοσαύτην ἀντέχειν ῥύμην καὶ βίαν πνεύματος. Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν εὐημερῇ, πάντων ἑαυτὸν προτίθησι· καὶ ὅταν τἀναντία ὑπομείνῃ, κατορύξαι ἑαυτὸν βούλεται· καὶ τοῦτο αὐτῷ καὶ γέεννα καὶ βασιλεία, ὅταν ὑποβρύχιος ὑπὸ τοῦ πάθους γένηται τούτου. εʹ. Ταῦτα οὖν φθόνων ἄξια, εἰπέ μοι; ἀλλ' οὐχὶ θρήνων καὶ δακρύων; Παντί που δῆλον. Σὺ δὲ ταὐτὸν ποιεῖς φθονῶν τῷ οὕτως εὐδοκιμοῦντι, ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις δεδεμένον ἰδὼν καὶ μεμαστιγωμένον καὶ ὑπὸ μυρίων ἑλκόμενον θηρίων, ἐβάσκαινεν αὐτῷ τῶν τραυμάτων καὶ μαστίγων. Καὶ γὰρ ὅσους ἂν ἀνθρώπους ὁ δῆμος ἔχῃ, τοσούτους καὶ οὗτος δεσμοὺς, τοσούτους δεσπότας· καὶ τὸ δὴ χαλεπώτερον, ὅτι καὶ διάφορον τούτων ἕκαστος γνώμην ἔχει, καὶ τὰ ἐπιόντα περὶ τοῦ δουλεύοντος αὐτοῖς ψηφίζονται πάντες, οὐδὲν βασανίζοντες, ἀλλ' ἅπερ ἂν τῷ δεῖνι δόξῃ καὶ τῷ δεῖνι, ταῦτα καὶ αὐτοὶ κυροῦντες. Ποίων οὖν ταῦτα κυμάτων, ποίου κλύδωνος οὐ χαλεπώτερα; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ φυσᾶται ἀθρόον ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς ὁ τοιοῦτος, καὶ βαπτίζεται πάλιν εὐκόλως, ἐν ἀνωμαλίᾳ 57.445 μὲν ἀεὶ, ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ δὲ οὐδέποτε ὤν. Πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ θεάτρου καὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ λέγειν ἀγώνων, ἐν ἀγωνίᾳ καὶ τρόμῳ κατέχεται· μετὰ δὲ τὸ θέατρον, ἢ ἀποτέθνηκεν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀθυμίας, ἢ χαίρει πάλιν ἀμέτρως· ὅπερ λύπης ἐστὶ χαλεπώτερον. Ὅτι γὰρ ἡδονὴ λύπης οὐκ ἔλαττόν ἐστι κακὸν, δῆλον ἀφ' ὧν τὴν ψυχὴν διατίθησι· καὶ γὰρ καὶ κούφην ποιεῖ καὶ μετέωρον καὶ ἀνεπτερωμένην. Καὶ τοῦτο καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν προτέρων ἀνδρῶν ἔστιν ἰδεῖν. Πότε γοῦν καλὸς ἦν ὁ ∆αυΐδ; ὅτε ἔχαιρεν, ἢ ὅτε ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ ἦν; Πότε τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὁ δῆμος; ὅτε ἔστενον καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἐκάλουν, ἢ ὅτε ἔχαιρον ἐπὶ τῆς ἐρήμου, καὶ τὸν μόσχον προσεκύνουν; ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Σολομὼν, ὁ μάλιστα πάντων εἰδὼς τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἡδονὴ, φη 57.446 σίν· Ἀγαθὸν πορευθῆναι εἰς οἶκον πένθους, ἢ εἰς οἶκον γέλωτος. ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς τοὺς μὲν μακαρίζει λέγων, Μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες· τοὺς δὲ ταλανίζειν Οὐαὶ γὰρ ὑμῖν, οἱ γελῶντες, ὅτι κλαύσετε. Καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Ἐν μὲν γὰρ τρυφῇ χαυνοτέρα ἐστὶν ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ μαλακωτέρα· ἐν δὲ πένθει συνέσταλται καὶ σωφρονεῖ, καὶ τοῦ τῶν παθῶν