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making his argument less burdensome. But I say to you, that every idle word, he says, that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. And idle, that which is not based on fact, that which is false, that which contains slander; but some say, that which is also vain; for instance, that which excites disorderly laughter, or that which is shameful and shameless and ignoble. For by your words you shall be justified, and by your words you shall be condemned. Do you see how unburdensome the court is? how mild the reckonings? For not from what another said about you, but from what you yourself uttered, will the judge cast his votes; which is the most just of all things. For you are master both of speaking and of not speaking. Therefore, it is not those who are spoken ill of who must be in agony and tremble, but those who speak ill. For the former are not compelled to defend themselves for what they heard ill of, but the latter for what they spoke ill of; and over these hangs the entire danger. So that those who hear ill of themselves must be without anxiety; for they will not give an account for the ill things others have said; but those who have spoken ill must be in agony and tremble, since they themselves are about to be dragged into the court for these things. For this is a diabolical snare, and a sin having no pleasure, but only harm. For such a person lays up an evil treasure in his soul. And if the one having an evil humor first reaps the disease himself, much more will he who treasures up in himself wickedness, that which is more bitter than all gall, suffer the worst things, gathering a grievous disease. And it is clear from what he belches forth. For if it so grieves others, much more does it grieve the soul that bears it. For he who plots against another, destroys himself first; for he who treads on fire, burns himself; and he who strikes adamant, harms himself; and he who kicks against the pricks, makes himself bleed. For such a one is he who knows how to be wronged and to bear it nobly, both adamant, and pricks, and fire; but he who has practiced wrongdoing is weaker than any clay. Therefore, it is not being wronged that is evil, but doing wrong, and not knowing how to bear being wronged. How many things indeed was David wronged; but how many things did Saul do wrong? Who then became stronger and more blessed? and who more wretched and more pitiful? was it not the one who had done wrong? But consider: Saul promised, if David should strike down the foreigner, that he would take him as a son-in-law, and give him his daughter with much grace. He struck down the foreigner; that one broke the agreements, and not only did not give her, but even attempted to kill him. Who then became more illustrious? Was it not that the one was choked by despondency and the evil demon, while the other shone above the sun with his trophies and goodwill toward God? Again, at the chorus of the women, was not the one strangled 57.454 by envy, while the other, bearing all things in silence, won over everyone and bound them to himself? And when he himself got him into his hands, and spared him, who again was blessed? and who wretched? and who the weaker? and who the stronger? Was it not this man who did not even retaliate justly? And very rightly. For the one had armed soldiers, but the other had righteousness, stronger than ten thousand armies, as an ally and helper. For this very reason, having been plotted against unjustly, he did not endure to kill justly. For he knew from what went before, that it is not doing evil, but suffering evil, that makes men stronger. This happens also in the case of bodies, and this also in the case of trees. And what of Jacob? was he not wronged by Laban, and did he not suffer evil? Who then was stronger? the one who got him into his hands, and did not dare to touch him, but was afraid and trembling, or this one who without weapons and soldiers became more fearsome to him than ten thousand kings? 3. But that I may also provide you with another proof of what has been said, greater than this, let us examine the argument again with David himself in the opposite case. For this man who was wronged and was strong, having done wrong later, became weaker again. When, at any rate, he wronged Uriah, the order changed again, and weakness passed to the one who did wrong, while power passed to the one who was wronged; for though dead he was ravaging his house. And he himself, though being a king and alive, had no strength; but that one

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ἀνεπαχθέστερον τὸν λόγον ποιῶν. Λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν, ὅτι πᾶν ῥῆμα ἀργὸν, φησὶν, ὃ ἐὰν λαλήσωσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ἀποδώσουσι περὶ αὐτοῦ λόγον ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως. Ἀργὸν δὲ, τὸ μὴ κατὰ πράγματος κείμενον, τὸ ψευδὲς, τὸ συκοφαντίαν ἔχον· τινὲς δέ φασιν, ὅτι καὶ τὸ μάταιον· οἷον, τὸ γέλωτα κινοῦν ἄτακτον, ἢ τὸ αἰσχρὸν καὶ ἀναίσχυντον καὶ ἀνελεύθερον. Ἐκ γὰρ τῶν λόγων σου δικαιωθήσῃ, καὶ ἐκ τῶν λόγων σου κατακριθήσῃ. Εἶδες πῶς ἀνεπαχθὲς τὸ δικαστήριον; πῶς ἥμεροι αἱ εὐθῦναι; Οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ὧν ἕτερος εἶπε περὶ σοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐξ ὧν αὐτὸς ἐφθέγξω, τὰς ψήφους ὁ δικαστὴς οἴσει· ὅπερ ἁπάντων ἐστὶ δικαιότατον. Καὶ γὰρ σὺ κύριος εἶ καὶ τοῦ εἰπεῖν καὶ τοῦ μὴ εἰπεῖν. Οὐ τοίνυν τοὺς κακηγορουμένους ἀγωνιᾷν δεῖ καὶ τρέμειν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς κακηγοροῦντας. Οὐ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι ἀναγκάζονται ἀπολογεῖσθαι ὑπὲρ ὧν κακῶς ἤκουσαν, ἀλλ' οὗτοι ὑπὲρ ὧν κακῶς εἶπον· καὶ τούτοις ἐπικρέμαται ὁ κίνδυνος ἅπας. Ὥστε τοὺς μὲν κακῶς ἀκούοντας ἀμερίμνους δεῖ εἶναι· οὐ γὰρ παρέξουσιν εὐθύνας ὧν ἕτεροι εἶπον κακῶς· τοὺς δὲ κακῶς εἰρηκότας ἀγωνιᾷν καὶ τρέμειν, ἅτε αὐτοὺς μέλλοντας εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον ὑπὲρ τούτων ἕλκεσθαι. Καὶ γὰρ διαβολικὴ αὕτη παγὶς, καὶ ἁμαρτία οὐδεμίαν ἔχουσα ἡδονὴν, ἀλλὰ βλάβην μόνον. Καὶ γὰρ πονηρὸν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ θησαυρὸν ἀποτίθεται ὁ τοιοῦτος. Εἰ δὲ ὁ χυμὸν πονηρὸν ἔχων, αὐτὸς καρποῦται πρῶτον τὴν νόσον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ τὸ χολῆς πάσης πικρότερον, τὴν πονηρίαν, ἐν ἑαυτῷ θησαυρίζων, τὰ ἔσχατα πείσεται, χαλεπὴν συνάγων νόσον. Καὶ δῆλον ἐξ ὧν ἐρεύγεται. Εἰ γὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους οὕτω λυπεῖ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὴν τίκτουσαν αὐτὰ ψυχήν. Ὁ γὰρ ἐπιβουλεύων, ἑαυτὸν ἀναιρεῖ πρῶτον· καὶ γὰρ ὁ πῦρ πατῶν, ἑαυτὸν κατακαίει· καὶ ὁ ἀδάμαντα παίων, ἑαυτῷ ἐπηρεάζει· καὶ ὁ πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζων, ἑαυτὸν αἱμάττει. Τοιοῦτον γάρ τί ἐστιν ὁ εἰδὼς ἀδικεῖσθαι καὶ φέρειν γενναίως, καὶ ἀδάμας, καὶ κέντρα, καὶ πῦρ· ὁ δὲ ἀδικεῖν μεμελετηκὼς, πηλοῦ παντὸς ἀσθενέστερος. Οὐ τοίνυν τὸ ἀδικεῖσθαι κακὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀδικεῖν, καὶ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι φέρειν ἀδικούμενον. Πόσα γοῦν ἠδικεῖτο ὁ ∆αυΐδ· πόσα δὲ ἠδίκει ὁ Σαούλ; Τίς οὖν ἰσχυρότερος γέγονε καὶ μακαριώτερος; τίς δὲ ἀθλιώτερος καὶ ἐλεεινότερος; οὐχ ὁ ἠδικηκώς; Σκόπει δέ· Ὑπέσχετο ὁ Σαοὺλ, εἰ καθέλοι τὸν ἀλλόφυλον ∆αυῒδ, κηδεστὴν αὐτὸν λήψεσθαι, καὶ δοῦναι τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτῷ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς χάριτος. Καθεῖλε τὸν ἀλλόφυλον· παρέβη τὰς συνθήκας ἐκεῖνος, καὶ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐδίδου, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀνελεῖν ἐπεχείρει. Τίς οὖν γέγονε λαμπρότερος; Οὐχ ὁ μὲν ἀπεπνίγετο ὑπὸ τῆς ἀθυμίας καὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ δαίμονος, ὁ δὲ ὑπὲρ τὸν ἥλιον ἔλαμπε τοῖς τροπαίοις καὶ τῇ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν εὐνοίᾳ; Πάλιν ἐπὶ τοῦ χοροῦ τῶν γυναικῶν, οὐχ ὁ μὲν ἀπηγχο 57.454 νίζετο τῷ φθόνῳ, ὁ δὲ τῇ σιγῇ πάντα φέρων, ἅπαντας εἷλε καὶ ἑαυτῷ προσέδησεν; Ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔλαβεν αὐτὸν εἰς χεῖρας, καὶ ἐφείσατο, τίς πάλιν μακάριος ἦν; τίς δὲ ἄθλιος; τίς δὲ ὁ ἀσθενέστερος; τίς δὲ ὁ δυνατώτερος; Οὐχ οὗτος ὁ μηδὲ δικαίως ἐπεξελθών; Καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ στρατιώτας ὡπλισμένους, ὁ δὲ τὴν δικαιοσύνην τὴν μυρίων στρατοπέδων ἰσχυροτέραν εἶχε σύμμαχον καὶ βοηθόν. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο ἐπιβουλευθεὶς ἀδίκως, οὐδὲ δικαίως ἀνελεῖν ὑπέμεινεν. Ἤδει γὰρ ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν, ὅτι οὐ τὸ ποιεῖν κακῶς, ἀλλὰ τὸ πάσχειν κακῶς, τοῦτο ποιεῖ δυνατωτέρους. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν σωμάτων γίνεται, τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ δένδρων. Τί δὲ ὁ Ἰακώβ; οὐκ ἠδικήθη παρὰ τοῦ Λάβαν, καὶ ἔπαθε κακῶς; Τίς οὖν ἦν ἰσχυρότερος; ὁ λαβὼν αὐτὸν εἰς χεῖρας, καὶ μὴ τολμῶν ἅψασθαι, ἀλλὰ δεδοικὼς καὶ τρέμων, ἢ οὗτος ὁ χωρὶς ὅπλων καὶ στρατιωτῶν μυρίων βασιλέων γενόμενος αὐτῷ φοβερώτερος; γʹ. Ἵνα δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν μείζονα ταύτης ἀπόδειξιν ὑμῖν παράσχωμαι τῶν εἰρημένων, ἐπ' αὐτοῦ πάλιν τοῦ ∆αυῒδ εἰς τοὐναντίον τὸν λόγον γυμνάσωμεν. Ὁ γὰρ ἀδικηθεὶς οὗτος καὶ ἰσχύσας, ἀδικήσας ὕστερον πάλιν ἀσθενέστερος γέγονεν. Ὅτε γοῦν ἠδίκησε τὸν Οὐρίαν, μετέστη πάλιν ἡ τάξις, καὶ ἡ μὲν ἀσθένεια πρὸς τὸν ἀδικήσαντα, ἡ δὲ δύναμις πρὸς τὸν ἀδικηθέντα διέβη· νεκρὸς γὰρ ὢν ἐπόρθει τὴν οἰκίαν τὴν ἐκείνου. Καὶ αὐτὸς μὲν βασιλεὺς ὢν καὶ ζῶν οὐδὲν ἴσχυσεν· ἐκεῖνος δὲ