John Chrysostom, On John

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to become proselytes, were at the feast. When the report, therefore, was spread abroad, they say, "We wish to see Jesus." But Philip yields to Andrew, as being before him, and communicates the matter to him. But neither does he simply act on his own authority; for he had heard, "Go not into the way of the Gentiles." For this reason, after communicating with the disciple, he reports it to the teacher; for they both spoke to Him. But what does He say? "The hour has come, that the Son of Man should be glorified. Unless the grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone." What is, "The hour has come?" He had said, "Go not into the way of the Gentiles," cutting off every pretext of ignorance from the Jews, and He restrained them. Since, therefore, these persisted in disobeying, while those wished to approach, "It is time, then," He says, "to come to the passion, all things being fulfilled. For if we were to continue attending to these who are disobedient, and not receive those who are willing, these things would be unworthy of our care." Since, then, He was about to let the disciples go to the Gentiles after the cross, and He sees them leaping forward, He says, "It is time to come to the cross." For He did not let them go before, that it might be for a testimony to them. For until they rejected Him by their works, 59.368 until they crucified Him, He did not say, "Go and make disciples of all nations," but, "Go not into the way of the Gentiles;" and, "I was not sent except to the lost sheep of the house of Israel;" and, "It is not right to take the children's bread and give it to the little dogs." But when they hated Him, and hated Him so as to kill Him, it was superfluous to attend to them as they were rejecting Him. For they rejected Him, saying, "We have no king but Caesar." Then, therefore, He forsook them, since they forsook Him. For this reason He says, "How often I wanted to gather your children, and you were not willing!" What is: "The grain of wheat, unless it falls and dies?" He speaks concerning the cross. For so that they might not be troubled, thinking that when the Greeks also approached, then He was killed, He says, "This very thing, then, especially makes them approach, and will increase My preaching." Then, since He was not so persuasive by words, He contrives it from the experience of things, saying, "Since this also happens in wheat: it bears more fruit when it dies." If this is so in seeds, much more so in Me. But the disciples did not know the things being said. Therefore the evangelist continuously puts this, making an apology for the flight after these things. Paul also moved this argument when discoursing about the resurrection. 3. What defense, then, will those have who disbelieve the resurrection, when the matter is practiced every day in seeds, and in plants, and in our own generation? For first the seed must be corrupted, and then generation must happen. But on the whole, whenever God does something, there is no need of reasonings. For how did He make us out of things that are not? These things I say to Christians, who say they are persuaded by the Scriptures. But I will also say another thing from human reasonings. Of men, some live in wickedness, others in virtue. But of those spending time in wickedness, many came to extreme old age while living well; but those in virtue, having endured the opposite. When, then, will each one receive things according to their worth? at what time? "Yes," he says, "but there is no resurrection of bodies." Do they not hear Paul saying, "This corruptible must put on incorruption?" Not about the soul (for the soul is not corrupted); and resurrection is spoken of that which has fallen; and the body has fallen. But why do you not want there to be a resurrection of the body? Is it not possible for God? But to say this is of extreme foolishness. But is it not fitting? Why is it not fitting for that which is corruptible and has partaken of labor and death, to partake also of the crowns? For if it were not fitting, it would not have happened from the beginning, nor would He Himself have taken on flesh. But that He both took it on, and raised it, hear what He says, "Put in your fingers, and see that a spirit does not have bones and sinews." But why did He raise Lazarus, if it were better to rise without a body? what in the order of a sign and

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προσήλυτοι γίνεσθαι, ἦσαν εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν. Τῆς φήμης οὖν διαδοθείσης, λέγουσι· Θέλομεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἰδεῖν. Ὁ δὲ Φίλιππος παραχωρεῖ τῷ Ἀνδρέᾳ, ἅτε πρὸ αὐτοῦ ὄντι, καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα αὐτῷ κοινοῦται. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὗτος ἁπλῶς αὐθεντεῖ· ἤκουσε γὰρ, ὅτι Εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο μετὰ τοῦ μαθητοῦ κοινωσάμενος, τῷ διδασκάλῳ ἀναφέρει· ἀμφότεροι γὰρ εἶπον αὐτῷ. Ὁ δὲ τί φησιν; Ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα, ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Ἐὰν μὴ ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου πεσὼν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποθάνῃ, αὐτὸς μόνος μένει. Τί ἐστιν, Ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα; Ἔλεγεν, Εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε, πᾶσαν ἐγκόπτων ἀγνωμοσύνης πρόφασιν ἀπὸ Ἰουδαίων, καὶ κατεῖχεν αὐτούς. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐπέμενον οὗτοι ἀπειθοῦντες, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ἐβούλοντο προσελθεῖν, Καιρὸς λοιπὸν, φησὶν, ἐπὶ τὸ πάθος ἐλθεῖν, πάντων πεπληρωμένων. Εἰ γὰρ μέλλοιμεν τούτοις μὲν καὶ ἀπειθοῦσι προσεδρεύειν, ἐκείνους δὲ καὶ βουλομένους μὴ προσίεσθαι, ἀνάξια τῆς ἡμετέρας ἔσται ταῦτα κηδεμονίας. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔμελλεν ἀφήσειν τοὺς μαθητὰς ἐπὶ τὰ ἔθνη λοιπὸν ἰέναι μετὰ τὸν σταυρὸν, ὁρᾷ δὲ αὐτοὺς προπηδῶντας, φησί· Καιρὸς ἐπὶ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐλθεῖν. Οὐ πρότερον γὰρ αὐτοὺς εἴασεν, ἵνα ᾖ εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς. Ἕως γὰρ διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτὸν διεκρούσαντο, 59.368 ἕως αὐτὸν ἐσταύρωσαν, οὐκ εἶπε, Πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ἀλλ', Εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε· καὶ, Οὐκ ἀπεστάλην, εἰ μὴ εἰς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ· καὶ, Οὐκ ἔστι καλὸν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων, καὶ δοῦναι τοῖς κυναρίοις. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐμίσησαν αὐτὸν, καὶ οὕτως ἐμίσησαν ὡς ἀνελεῖν, περιττὸν ἧν προσεδρεύειν διακρουομένων ἐκείνων. Καὶ γὰρ παρῃτήσαντο αὐτὸν λέγοντες· Οὐκ ἔχομεν βασιλέα, εἰ μὴ Καίσαρα. Τότε δὴ λοιπὸν αὐτοὺς ἀφῆκεν, ἐπειδὴ αὐτοὶ ἀφῆκαν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο λέγει· Ποσάκις ἠθέλησα ἐπισυναγαγεῖν τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν, καὶ οὐκ ἠθελήσατε! Τί ἐστιν· Ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου, ἐὰν μὴ πεσὼν ἀποθάνῃ; Περὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ λέγει. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ θορυβῶνται ἐννοοῦντες ὅτι, ὅτε καὶ Ἕλληνες προσῆλθον, τότε ἀνῃρέθη, λέγει· Αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ποιεῖ προσελθεῖν, καὶ αὐξήσει τὸ κήρυγμα τὸ ἐμόν. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ ἀπὸ λόγων οὐχ οὕτως ἔπειθεν, ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων πείρας αὐτὸ μεθοδεύει λέγων· Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ σίτῳ τοῦτο γίνεται· μᾶλλον φέρει καρπὸν, ὅταν ἀποθάνῃ. Εἰ δὲ ἐν τοῖς σπέρμασι τοῦτο, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐν ἐμοί. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ᾔδεσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ τὰ λεγόμενα. ∆ιὸ συνεχῶς αὐτὸ τίθησιν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἀπολογούμενος ὑπὲρ τῆς μετὰ ταῦτα φυγῆς. Τοῦτον καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως διαλεγόμενος ὁ Παῦλος τὸν λόγον ἐκίνησε. γʹ. Ποίαν οὖν ἕξουσιν ἀπολογίαν οἱ τῇ ἀναστάσει διαπιστοῦντες, ἐν τοῖς σπέρμασι τοῦ πράγματος καθ' ἑκάστην μελετωμένου τὴν ἡμέραν, καὶ ἐν φυτοῖς, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γενέσεως τῆς ἡμετέρας; Πρότερον γὰρ δεῖ φθαρῆναι τὸ σπέρμα, καὶ τότε γενέσθαι γένεσιν. Ὅλως δὲ ὅταν ὁ Θεός τι ποιῇ, λογισμῶν οὐκ ἔστι χρεία. Πῶς γὰρ ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἡμᾶς ἐποίησε; Ταῦτα πρὸς Χριστιανοὺς λέγω, τοὺς λέγοντας πείθεσθαι Γραφαῖς. Ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ ἕτερον ἐρῶ ἀπὸ λογισμῶν ἀνθρωπίνων. Τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἱ μὲν ἐν κακίᾳ διάγουσιν, οἱ δὲ ἐν ἀρετῇ. Ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐν κακίᾳ διατριβόντων πολλοὶ εἰς ἔσχατον γῆρας ἦλθον εὐπαθοῦντες· τῶν δὲ ἐν ἀρετῇ, τὰ ἐναντία ὑπομείναντες. Πότε οὖν τὰ κατ' ἀξίαν ἀπολήψεται ἕκαστος; ἐν ποίῳ καιρῷ; Ναὶ, φησίν· ἀλλὰ σωμάτων οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάστασις. Οὐκ ἀκούουσι τοῦ Παύλου λέγοντος· ∆εῖ τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀφθαρσίαν; Οὐ περὶ ψυχῆς (οὐδὲ γὰρ φθείρεται ἡ ψυχή)· καὶ ἀνάστασις δὲ τοῦ πεπτωκότος λέγεται· ἔπεσε δὲ τὸ σῶμα. ∆ιατί δὲ οὐ βούλει ἀνάστασιν εἶναι σώματος; Πότερον οὐ δυνατὸν τῷ Θεῷ; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν ἐσχάτης ἀνοίας λέγειν. Ἀλλ' οὐ πρέπει; ∆ιατί οὐ πρέπει τὸ φθαρτὸν καὶ πόνου καὶ θανάτου κοινωνῆσαν, κοινωνῆσαι καὶ τῶν στεφάνων; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἔπρεπεν, οὐδ' ἂν παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐγένετο, οὐκ ἂν σάρκα αὐτὸς ἀνέλαβεν. Ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἀνέλαβε, καὶ αὐτὴν ἀνέστησεν, ἄκουσον τί φησι· Βάλε τοὺς δακτύλους, καὶ ἴδε, ὅτι πνεῦμα ὀστᾶ καὶ νεῦρα οὐκ ἔχει. ∆ιατί δὲ τὸν Λάζαρον ἀνέστησεν, εἰ βέλτιον ἦν χωρὶς σώματος ἀναστῆναι; τί ἐν τάξει σημείου καὶ