John Chrysostom, On Matthew

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of our Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father together with the Holy Spirit, be glory, might, honor, now and ever and unto the ages of ages. Amen. 57.463 HOMILY 44. While he was still speaking to the crowds, behold, his mother and his brothers were standing outside, seeking to speak to him. And someone said to him, “Behold, your mother and your brothers are standing outside, seeking to speak to you.” But he answered and said to the one who told him, “Who is my mother, and my brothers?” And stretching out his hand toward his disciples, he said, “Behold my mother and my brothers.” 1. What I was saying before, that in the absence of virtue all things are superfluous, this is now also shown with great abundance. For I was saying that age, and nature, and living in the desert, and all such things are unprofitable, when a good disposition is not present; but today we also learn something more, 57.464 another thing, that not even to have conceived Christ, and to have brought forth that wonderful birth, has any profit, if virtue is not present. And this is especially clear from this. For while He was still speaking to the crowds, it says, someone said to Him, that Your mother and your brothers are seeking you. But He says, Who is my mother, and who are my brothers? He said these things, not being ashamed of his mother, nor denying her who gave him birth; for if he had been ashamed, he would not have passed through that womb; but showing that there is no benefit to her from this, if she does not do all that is required. For what she attempted was of excessive ambition; for she wished to 57.465 show the people that she rules and has authority over her child, not yet imagining anything great about him; for this reason she approached at an inopportune time. See then her and their audacity. For it was necessary for them to enter and listen with the crowd, or if they did not wish to do this, to wait for him to conclude his discourse, and then to approach; but they call him out, and do this in front of everyone, displaying an excessive ambition, and wishing to show that they command him with great authority. Which the evangelist is also shown to be censuring; for hinting at this very thing, he has said thus: While he was still speaking to the crowds; as if he were saying, Was there not another time? Was it not possible to speak in private? And what did they wish to say? For if it was concerning the doctrines of the truth, they should have contributed these things in public, and spoken in front of everyone, so that others might also profit; but if it was about other matters of concern to them, they should not have been in such a hurry. For if he did not permit a man to bury his father, so that the following might not be interrupted, much more was it not right to break off his public discourse for things of no importance. From which it is clear that they did this only out of vainglory; which John also, indicating, said, that For not even his brothers believed in him; and he reports their words, full of great folly, saying that they were drawing him to Jerusalem, for no other reason than that they themselves might reap glory from his signs; For if you do these things, he says, show yourself to the world; for no one does anything in secret, and seeks to be known publicly; at which time he himself also rebuked them, blaming their carnal mind. For since the Jews were reproaching him, and saying, Is this not the carpenter's son, whose father and mother we know? And are not his brothers with us? wishing to fend off the lowliness of his origin, they called him to the demonstration of signs. For this reason he puts them off, wishing to heal their passion; for if he had wanted to deny his mother, when they were reproaching him, he would have denied her then. But now he is seen to take such great care of her, as even on the cross itself to entrust her to the disciple most beloved of all, and to enjoin many things on her behalf. But now he does not do this, caring for her and for his brothers. For since they regarded him as a mere man, and were vainglorious, he casts out the disease, not insulting, but correcting. But do not examine for me only the words that contain a measured rebuke, but also the absurdity and the boldness of the brothers, which they dared, and who the one rebuking was; that he was not a mere

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ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. 57.463 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Μ∆ʹ. Ἔτι δὲ αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος τοῖς ὄχλοις, ἰδοὺ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ εἱστήκεισαν ἔξω, ζη τοῦντες αὐτῷ λαλῆσαι. Εἶπε δέ τις αὐτῷ· «Ἰδοὺ ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ἔξω ἑστήκασι, ζητοῦντές σοι λαλῆσαι.» Ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπε τῷ εἰπόντι «Τίς ἐστιν ἡ μήτηρ μου, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου;» Καὶ ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς, εἶπεν· «Ἰδοὺ ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου.» αʹ. Ὅπερ πρώην ἔλεγον, ὅτι ἀρετῆς ἀπούσης ἅπαντα περιττὰ, τοῦτο καὶ νῦν μετὰ πολλῆς δείκνυται τῆς περιουσίας. Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἔλεγον, ὅτι καὶ ἡλικία, καὶ φύσις, καὶ τὸ ἔρημον οἰκεῖν, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα ἀνόνητα, γνώμης οὐκ οὔσης ἀγαθῆς· σήμερον δὲ καὶ πλέον ἕτε 57.464 ρόν τι μανθάνομεν, ὅτι οὐδὲ τὸ κυοφορῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν, καὶ τὸν θαυμαστὸν ἐκεῖνον τόκον τεκεῖν, ἔχει τι κέρδος, ἀρετῆς οὐκ οὔσης. Καὶ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἐντεῦθεν δῆλον. Ἔτι γὰρ αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος τοῖς ὄχλοις, φησὶν, εἶπέ τις αὐτῷ, ὅτι Ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ζητοῦσί σε. Ὁ δὲ λέγει· Τίς ἐστιν ἡ μήτηρ μου, καὶ τίνες οἱ ἀδελφοί μου; Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγεν, οὐκ ἐπαισχυνόμενος ἐπὶ τῇ μητρὶ, οὐδὲ ἀρνούμενος τὴν γεγεννηκυῖαν· εἰ γὰρ ἐπῃσχύνετο, οὐδ' ἂν διῆλθε διὰ τῆς μήτρας ἐκείνης· ἀλλὰ δηλῶν, ὅτι οὐδὲν ὄφελος αὐτῇ τούτου, εἰ μὴ τὰ δέοντα ποιεῖ ἅπαντα. Καὶ γὰρ ὅπερ ἐπεχείρησε, φιλοτιμίας ἦν περιττῆς· ἐβούλετο γὰρ ἐν 57.465 δείξασθαι τῷ δήμῳ, ὅτι κρατεῖ καὶ αὐθεντεῖ τοῦ παιδὸς, οὐδὲν οὐδέπω περὶ αὐτοῦ μέγα φανταζομένη· διὸ καὶ ἀκαίρως προσῆλθεν. Ὅρα γοῦν καὶ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐκείνων τὴν ἀπόνοιαν. ∆έον γὰρ εἰσελθόντας ἀκοῦσαι μετὰ τοῦ ὄχλου, ἢ μὴ τοῦτο βουλομένους ἀναμεῖναι καταλῦσαι τὸν λόγον, καὶ τότε προσελθεῖν· οἱ δὲ ἔξω καλοῦσιν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντων τοῦτο ποιοῦσι, φιλοτιμίαν ἐπιδεικνύμενοι περιττὴν, καὶ δεῖξαι θέλοντες, ὅτι μετὰ πολλῆς αὐτῷ ἐπιτάττουσι τῆς ἐξουσίας. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς δείκνυται ἐγκαλῶν· αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο αἰνιττόμενος οὕτως εἴρηκεν· Ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος τοῖς ὄχλοις· ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγε· Μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἦν καιρὸς ἕτερος; μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἦν κατ' ἰδίαν διαλεχθῆναι; Τί δὲ καὶ λαλῆσαι ἐβούλοντο; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ὑπὲρ τῶν τῆς ἀληθείας δογμάτων, κοινῇ ταῦτα προσθεῖναι ἐχρῆν, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντων εἰπεῖν, ὥστε καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους κερδάναι· εἰ δὲ περὶ ἑτέρων τῶν αὐτοῖς διαφερόντων, οὐκ ἐχρῆν οὕτω κατεπείγειν. Εἰ γὰρ πατέρα θάψαι οὐκ ἀφῆκεν, ἵνα μὴ διακόπτηται ἡ ἀκολούθησις, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὴν αὐτοῦ δημηγορίαν καταλῦσαι οὐκ ἐχρῆν ὑπὲρ τῶν οὐδὲν προσηκόντων. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι κενοδοξίᾳ τοῦτο μόνον ἐποίουν· ὃ καὶ Ἰωάννης δηλῶν ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Οὐδὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπίστευον εἰς αὐτόν· καὶ τὰ ῥήματα δὲ αὐτῶν ἀπαγγέλλει τὰ πολλῆς γέμοντα ἀνοίας, λέγων ὅτι εἷλκον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα, δι' ἕτερον μὲν οὐδὲν, ἵνα δὲ αὐτοὶ δόξαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκείνου σημείων καρπώσωνται· Εἰ γὰρ ταῦτα ποιεῖς, φησὶ, δεῖξον σεαυτὸν τῷ κόσμῳ· οὐδεὶς γάρ τι ποιεῖ ἐν κρυπτῷ, καὶ ζητεῖ αὐτὸς φανερὸς εἶναι· ὅτε καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτοῖς ἐπετίμησε, τὴν σαρκικὴν αὐτῶν αἰτιώμενος γνώμην. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ὠνείδιζον, καὶ ἔλεγον· Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱὸς, οὗ ἡμεῖς ἴσμεν τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα; καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ παρ' ἡμῖν εἰσι; τὴν εὐτέλειαν βουλόμενοι τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ γένους ἀποκρούεσθαι, ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν σημείων αὐτὸν ἐκάλουν ἐπίδειξιν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο αὐτοὺς διακρούεται, τὸ πάθος αὐτῶν βουλόμενος ἰάσασθαι· ὡς εἴγε ἀρνήσασθαι ἤθελε τὴν μητέρα, ὅτε ἐκεῖνοι ὠνείδιζον, τότε ἂν ἠρνήσατο. Νῦν δὲ φαίνεται τοσαύτην αὐτῆς ποιούμενος πρόνοιαν, ὡς καὶ πρὸς αὐτῷ τῷ σταυρῷ τῷ πάντων μάλιστα ποθουμένῳ μαθητῇ παρακαταθέσθαι αὐτὴν, καὶ πολλὰ ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς ἐπισκῆψαι. Ἀλλ' οὐχὶ νῦν τοῦτο ποιεῖ, κηδόμενος αὐτῆς καὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ προσεῖχον ψιλῷ, καὶ ἐκενοδόξουν, τὸ νόσημα ἐκβάλλει, οὐχ ὑβρίζων, ἀλλὰ διορθούμενος. Σὺ δέ μοι μὴ τὰ ῥήματα ἐξέταζε μόνον τὰ ἐπιτίμησιν ἔχοντα σύμμετρον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ἀτοπίαν καὶ τὴν τόλμην τῶν ἀδελφῶν, ἣν ἐτόλμησαν, καὶ τὸν ἐπιτιμῶντα τίς ἦν· ὅτι οὐχὶ ψιλὸς