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He says, They were Yours, and You have given them to me; and again, No one can come to Me, unless the Father draw him; and that, Unless it is given him from heaven. He either says this, therefore, or that He was to be diminished in nothing by this, having come forth from God, and going to God, and possessing all things. But when you hear of a "giving over," do not suppose anything human; for He shows the honor and concord toward the Father. For just as the Father gives over to Him, so also He Himself to the Father. And Paul makes this clear, saying: When He shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father. But here He said it in a more human way, showing His great care for them, and manifesting His unspeakable love for them, that He was henceforth caring for them as His own, teaching them the mo 59.383 ther of good things, humility, which He also said was the beginning and end of virtue. And it is not simply added, He came forth from God and goes to God; but that we might learn that He did things worthy of One who came from thence and is going thither, trampling down all pride. And rising from supper, and laying aside His garments. 2. See how He shows His humility not only by the washing, but also in other ways. For not before they reclined, but after all had sat down, then He arose. Then, He does not simply wash, but lays aside His garments. And He did not stop even at this, but also girded Himself with a towel. And He was not content with this, but even He Himself filled it, and did not command another to fill it, but He Himself does all these things, showing through all that we ought not to do such things perfunctorily when we do good, but with all eagerness. But it seems to me that He washed the feet of the traitor first, from the fact that it says, He began to wash the disciples' feet, and added, He comes to Simon Peter, and that one says to Him, Do You wash my feet? With these hands, he says, with which You opened eyes, and cleansed lepers, and raised the dead? For this too has great emphasis; wherefore he did not even need to say anything more to Him than "You." For by itself it was sufficient to show the whole matter. But someone might reasonably ask how none of the others prevented Him, but Peter alone, which was a mark of no small affection and reverence. What then is the reason? It seems to me that He first washed the traitor, then came to Peter, and that the others were henceforth instructed by that one. That He washed some other one before him, then, is clear from its saying, But when He came to Peter. But the evangelist is not a vehement accuser; for the word, He began, is what he is hinting at. But even if Peter was first, it is likely that the traitor, being forward, reclined even before the chief one. For his forwardness is also shown elsewhere, when he dips with the Master, and when, being rebuked, he is not pricked to the heart. But Peter, having been rebuked once before, and having said those words out of affection, was so chastened as to be in agony and trembling and to need another for the question; but this man, being continually rebuked, did not feel it. When, therefore, He came to Peter, that one says to Him, Lord, do You wash my feet? He says to him, What I am doing you do not know now, but you will know after these things; that is, how great the gain from this is, the benefit of the teaching, and how it is sufficient to lead us to all humility. What then of Peter? He still prevents Him, and says, You shall never wash my feet. What are you doing, O Peter? Do you not remember your former words? Did you not say, Be it far from You, and hear, Get behind Me, Satan; and are you not even so made sober, but are still vehement? Yes, he says; for what was being done was great and full of astonishment. Since, therefore, that man was doing this out of great love, Christ again overcomes him with the same, just as there, having vehemently rebuked him and said, You are a stumbling block to me; so also here, saying, If I do not wash you, you have no part with Me. What then of the fervent and burning one? Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head. And he is vehement in his refusal, and becomes more vehement in his consent; and both out of love. For why did he not say, of what

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φησιν, Σοὶ ἦσαν, καὶ ἐμοὶ αὐτοὺς δέδωκας· καὶ πάλιν, Οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἐὰν μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ ἑλκύσῃ αὐτόν· καὶ ὅτι, Ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. Ἢ τοῦτο οὖν φησιν, ἢ ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐλαττοῦσθαι ἔμελλεν ἀπὸ τούτου, ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἐξελθὼν, καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ὑπάγων, καὶ πάντα ἔχων. Ὅταν δὲ ἀκούσῃς παράδοσιν, μηδὲν ἀνθρώπινον ὑπολάβῃς· τὴν γὰρ εἰς τὸν Πατέρα ἐνδείκνυται τιμὴν καὶ ὁμόνοιαν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ αὐτῷ παραδίδωσιν, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ Πατρί. Καὶ δηλοῖ Παῦλος λέγων· Ὅταν παραδῷ τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί. Ἀνθρωπινώτερον δὲ αὐτὸ ἐνταῦθα εἶπε, τὴν πολλὴν περὶ αὐτοὺς ἐπιμέλειαν δεικνύμενος, καὶ τὴν ἄφατον περὶ αὐτοὺς ἐμφαίνων ἀγάπην, ὅτι ὡς οἰκείων ἐπεμελεῖτο λοιπὸν, διδάσκων αὐτοὺς τὴν μη 59.383 τέρα τῶν ἀγαθῶν τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην, ἣν καὶ ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος ἔφησεν εἶναι τῆς ἀρετῆς. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ πρόσκειται τὸ, Ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθε καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ὑπάγει· ἀλλ' ἵνα μάθωμεν ὅτι ἄξια ἐποίει τοῦ ἐκεῖθεν ἐλθόντος καὶ ἐκεῖ ἀπιόντος, ἅπαντα καταπατῶν τῦφον. Καὶ ἀναστὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ δείπνου, καὶ θεὶς τὰ ἱμάτια. βʹ. Ὅρα πῶς οὐ τῷ νίψαι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρως τὸ ταπεινὸν ἐνδείκνυται. Οὐ γὰρ πρὶν ἢ κατακλιθῆναι, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὸ ἀναπεσεῖν πάντας, τότε ἀνέστη. Ἔπειτα οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς νίπτει, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἱμάτια ἀποτιθέμενος. Καὶ οὐδὲ μέχρι τούτων ἔστη, ἀλλὰ καὶ λέντιον διεζώσατο. Καὶ οὐδὲ τούτῳ ἠρκέσθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγέμισε, καὶ οὐχ ἑτέρῳ πληρῶσαι ἐκέλευσεν, ἀλλὰ πάντα αὐτὸς ἐργάζεται ταῦτα, διὰ πάντων δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐκ ἀφοσιουμένους δεῖ ποιεῖν τὰ τοιαῦτα, ὅταν εὖ ποιῶμεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πάσης προθυμίας. Ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκεῖ τοῦ προδότου πρώτου νίψαι τοὺς πόδας, ἐκ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Ἤρξατο νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας τῶν μαθητῶν, καὶ ἐπαγαγεῖν, Ἔρχεται πρὸς Σίμωνα Πέτρον, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ ἐκεῖνος· Σύ μου νίπτεις τοὺς πόδας; Ταῖς χερσὶ ταύταις, φησὶν, αἷς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀνέῳξας, καὶ λεπροὺς ἐκάθηρας, καὶ νεκροὺς ἀνέστησας; Πολλὴν γὰρ ἔμφασιν καὶ τοῦτο ἔχει· διόπερ οὐδὲ ἐδέησεν αὐτῷ τι πλέον εἰπεῖν, ἢ τὸ Σύ. Καὶ γὰρ καθ' ἑαυτὸ ἱκανὸν ἦν τὸ πᾶν ἐνδείξασθαι. Ζητήσειε δ' ἄν τις εἰκότως, πῶς οὐδεὶς αὐτὸν τῶν ἄλλων ἐκώλυσεν, ἀλλὰ Πέτρος μόνος, ὅπερ οὐ μικροῦ φίλτρου καὶ αἰδοῦς ἦν. Τίς οὖν ἐστιν ἡ αἰτία; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ πρότερον τὸν προδότην νίψαι, εἶτα πρὸς τὸν Πέτρον ἐλθεῖν, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀπ' ἐκείνου παιδευθῆναι λοιπόν. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν ἄλλον τινὰ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἔνιψε, δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ εἰπεῖν. Ὅτε δὲ ἦλθε πρὸς Πέτρον. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι σφοδρὸς κατήγορος ὁ εὐαγγελιστής· τὸ γὰρ, Ἤρξατο, τοῦτό ἐστιν αἰνιττομένου. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ὁ Πέτρος πρῶτος ἦν, ἀλλ' εἰκὸς τὸν προδότην ἰταμὸν ὄντα, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ κορυφαίου κατακλιθῆναι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἑτέρωθεν τὸ ἰταμὸν αὐτοῦ δείκνυται, ὅταν βάπτῃ μετὰ τοῦ ∆ιδασκάλου, καὶ ὅταν ἐλεγχόμενος μὴ κατανύσσηται. Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν Πέτρος ἅπαξ ἐπιτιμηθεὶς ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν, καὶ ταῦτα ἀπὸ φιλοστοργίας τὰ ῥήματα εἰπὼν, οὕτω συνεστάλη, ὡς καὶ ἀγωνιῶν καὶ τρέμων ἑτέρου δεηθῆναι πρὸς τὴν ἐρώτησιν· οὗτος δὲ συνεχῶς ἐλεγχόμενος οὐκ ᾐσθάνετο. Ὅτε γοῦν ἦλθε πρὸς τὸν Πέτρον, Λέγει αὐτῷ ἐκεῖνος· Κύριε, σύ μου νίπτεις τοὺς πόδας; Λέγει αὐτῷ· Ὃ ἐγὼ ποιῶ σὺ οὐκ οἶδας ἄρτι, γνώσῃ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα· τουτέστι, τὸ κέρδος ὅσον τὸ ἐκ τούτου, τὴν ὠφέλειαν τῆς διδασκαλίας, καὶ πῶς ἱκανὸν εἰς πᾶσαν ἀγαγεῖν ταπεινοφροσύνην ἡμᾶς. Τί οὖν ὁ Πέτρος; Ἔτι κωλύει, καὶ λέγει· Οὐ μὴ νίψῃς τοὺς πόδας μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Τί ποιεῖς, ὦ Πέτρε; οὐ μέμνησαι τῶν προτέρων ῥημάτων; οὐκ εἶπας, Ἵλεώς σοι, καὶ ἤκουσας, Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, σατανᾶ· καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω σωφρονίζῃ, ἀλλ' ἔτι σφοδρὸς εἶ; Ναὶ, φησί· πολὺ γὰρ τὸ γινόμενον καὶ ἐκπλήξεως γέμον. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἀπὸ πολλῆς ἀγάπης τοῦτο ἔπραττεν ἐκεῖνος, ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς αὐτὸν χειροῦται πάλιν καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἐκεῖ σφοδρῶς ἐπιτιμήσας καὶ εἰπὼν, Σκάνδαλόν μοι εἶ· οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα λέγων, Ἐὰν μὴ νίψω σε, οὐκ ἔχεις μέρος μετ' ἐμοῦ. Τί οὖν ὁ θερμὸς καὶ διακαής; Κύριε, μὴ τοὺς πόδας μου μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τὴν κεφαλήν. Καὶ ἐν τῇ παραιτήσει σφοδρὸς, καὶ ἐν τῇ συγχωρήσει σφοδρότερος γίνεται· ἑκάτερα δὲ ἐξ ἀγάπης. ∆ιατί γὰρ οὐκ εἶπε, τίνος