John Chrysostom, On John

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of Jesus Christ, through whom and with whom to the Father be the glory, together with the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

59.395 HOMILY 73. Simon Peter says, Lord, where are you going? Jesus answered him, Where I am going, you cannot follow me now;

but you will follow me later. 1. A great good is love; it is more vehement than fire, and ascends to the

heaven; and there is no obstacle which will be able to restrain its rushing force. The most fervent Peter, then, having heard, "Where I go, you cannot come," what does he say? "Lord, where are you going?" And he said this, not so much wishing to learn, as desiring to follow. Therefore, he did not dare to say openly for the moment, "I am coming"; but he says, "Where are you going?" But Christ answered not his words, but his thought. For that this is what he wanted is clear from what Christ said. For what does He say? "Where I go, you cannot follow Me now." Do you see that he longed to follow, and for this reason he asks? But on hearing, "You will follow later," not even so did he restrain his desire; although he had received good hopes, he is so eager as to say, "Why can I not follow you now? I will lay down my life for you." For since he had shaken off the fear of betrayal, and he too was shown to be one of the genuine ones, he now asks for himself with boldness while the others are silent. What are you saying, Peter? He said, "You cannot"; and you say, "I can"? Therefore you will know by experience itself, that your love is nothing, without the impulse from above being present. From which it is clear that He permitted that fall also out of care for him. For He wished to instruct him through the first things; but since he persisted in his vehemence, He Himself did not cast him down, nor push him to the denial, but left him destitute, so that he might learn his own weakness. He said that He must be delivered up, and he says, "Be it far from you; this shall not be to you." He was rebuked, and was not instructed; but again, when Christ wanted to wash his feet, he says, "You shall never wash my feet." Hearing again, "You cannot follow Me now," he says, "Though all shall deny, I will not deny." Since, therefore, it was likely that he, practicing to contradict Him, would be lifted up even to despair, He now instructs him not to oppose. Indeed, Luke, hinting at this, says that He said, "And I have prayed for you, that your faith may not fail"; that is, that you may not be utterly destroyed; through all things teaching him humility, and proving that human nature is nothing in itself. For since his great love made him contradictory, He now corrects him, so that he may not suffer this in the future, when he undertakes the stewardship of the world; but 59.396 so that remembering what he suffered, he might know himself. And see the vehemence of the fall. For he did not suffer this once or twice, but was so beside himself as to say the word of denial a third time in a short period; so that he might learn that he did not love as much as he was loved. But nevertheless to him who had so fallen He says again, "Do you love me more than these?" Thus it did not happen from a cooling of affection, but from being stripped of the help from above. He accepts, then, Peter's love, but cuts off the contradiction born from it. For if you love, you ought to obey the one who is loved. He said both to you and to those with you, "You cannot"; why are you contentious? Do you not know what a prohibition from God is? But since in this you do not wish to learn that it is not possible for what I say not to happen, you will learn it in the denial; although this seemed much more unbelievable to you then. For this you did not even know; but of that you yourself had the knowledge in your soul;

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Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δι' οὗ καὶ μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

59.395 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΟΓʹ. Λέγει Σίμων Πέτρος· Κύριε, ποῦ ὑπάγεις; Ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ὅπου ὑπάγω ἐγὼ, οὐ δύνασαί μοι νῦν ἀκολουθῆσαι·

ὕστερον δὲ ἀκολουθήσεις μοι. αʹ. Μέγα ἀγάπη καλόν· πυρός ἐστι σφοδρότερον, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἄνεισι τὸν

οὐρανόν· καὶ οὐδέν ἐστι κώλυμα, ὅπερ αὐτῆς τὴν ῥαγδαῖον ὁρμὴν ἐπισχεῖν δυνήσεται. Ὁ γοῦν θερμότατος Πέτρος, ἀκούσας, ὅτι Ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω, ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν, τί λέγει; Κύριε, ποῦ ὑπάγεις; Τοῦτο δὲ εἶπεν, οὐχ οὕτω μαθεῖν βουλόμενος, ὡς ἀκολουθῆσαι ἐπιθυμῶν. Φανερῶς μὲν οὖν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Ἔρχομαι, οὐκ ἐτόλμησε τέως· φησὶ δὲ, Ποῦ ὑπάγεις; Ὁ Χριστὸς δὲ οὐ πρὸς τὰ ῥήματα, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν διάνοιαν ἀπεκρίνατο. Ὅτι γὰρ τοῦτο ἤθελε, δι' ὧν ὁ Χριστὸς εἶπε δῆλον. Τί γάρ φησιν; Ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω, οὐ δύνασαί μοι νῦν ἀκολουθῆσαι. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τὸ ἀκολουθῆσαι ἐπεπόθει, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐρωτᾷ; Ἀκούσας δὲ, ὅτι Ἀκολουθήσεις ὕστερον, οὐδὲ οὕτω τὸν πόθον κατεῖχε· καίτοι χρηστὰς ἐλπίδας λαβὼν, ἀλλ' οὕτως ἐπείγεται ὡς εἰπεῖν, ∆ιατί οὐ δύναμαί σοι νῦν ἀκολουθῆσαι; Τὴν ψυχήν μου ὑπὲρ σοῦ θήσω. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀπεσείσατο τὸν φόβον τῆς προδοσίας, καὶ τῶν γνησίων ἐφάνη καὶ αὐτὸς ὢν, μετὰ παῤῥησίας δι' ἑαυτοῦ λοιπὸν ἐρωτᾷ τῶν ἄλλων σιγώντων. Τί λέγεις, Πέτρε; εἶπεν, ὅτι Οὐ δύνασαι· καὶ σὺ λέγεις, ὅτι ∆ύναμαι; Οὐκοῦν εἴσῃ διὰ τῆς πείρας αὐτῆς, ὅτι οὐδέν σού ἐστιν ἡ ἀγάπη, μὴ τῆς ἄνωθεν παρούσης ῥοπῆς. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι καὶ τὸ πτῶμα ἐκεῖνο, αὐτοῦ κηδόμενος συνεχώρησεν. Ἐβούλετο μὲν γὰρ καὶ διὰ τῶν πρώτων παιδεῦσαι· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐπέμενε τῇ σφοδρότητι, αὐτὸς μὲν οὐκ ἐνέβαλεν αὐτὸν, οὔτε ὦσεν ἐπὶ τὴν ἄρνησιν, εἴασε δὲ ἔρημον, ὥστε μαθεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀσθένειαν. Εἶπεν, ὅτι δεῖ παραδοθῆναι, καὶ λέγει· Ἵλεώς σοι· οὐ μὴ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο. Ἐπετιμήθη, καὶ οὐκ ἐπαιδεύθη· ἀλλὰ πάλιν, βουλομένου τοῦ Χριστοῦ νίψαι αὐτοῦ τοὺς πόδας, φησίν· Οὐ μὴ νίψῃς μου τοὺς πόδας εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Ἀκούσας πάλιν, ὅτι Οὐ δύνασαί μοι νῦν ἀκολουθῆσαι, λέγει· Κἂν πάντες ἀρνήσωνται, ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀρνήσομαι. Ἐπεὶ οὖν εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτὸν καὶ εἰς ἀπόνοιαν ἀρθῆναι μελετῶντα ἀντιλέγειν αὐτῷ, παιδεύει λοιπὸν αὐτὸν μὴ ἀντιπίπτειν. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ὁ Λουκᾶς αἰνιττόμενος, αὐτόν φησιν εἰρηκέναι, Καὶ ἐγὼ ἐδεήθην περὶ σοῦ, ἵνα μὴ ἐκλείπῃ ἡ πίστις σου· τουτέστιν, ἵνα μὴ εἰς τέλος ἀπόλῃ· διὰ πάντων ταπεινοφροσύνην αὐτὸν διδάσκων, καὶ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην ἐλέγχων φύσιν οὐδὲν αὐτὴν καθ' ἑαυτὴν οὖσαν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡ πολλὴ ἀγάπη ἀντιλογικὸν αὐτὸν ἐποίησε, σωφρονίζει λοιπὸν αὐτὸν, ἵνα μὴ καὶ ἐν τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτα τοῦτο πάθῃ, ὅταν τῆς οἰκουμένης τὴν οἰκονομίαν ἀναδέξηται· ἀλλ' 59.396 ἵνα ἀναμιμνησκόμενος ὧν ἔπαθεν ἐπιγινώσκῃ ἑαυτόν. Καὶ ὅρα σφοδρότητα πτώματος. Οὐ γὰρ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς τοῦτο ἔπαθεν, ἀλλ' οὕτως ἐξέστη, ὡς ἐν βραχεῖ καιρῷ τρίτον εἰπεῖν τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ τῆς ἀρνήσεως· ἵνα μάθῃ, ὅτι οὐχ οὕτως ἠγάπησεν, ὡς ἠγαπήθη. Ἀλλ' ὅμως τῷ οὕτω πεσόντι πάλιν λέγει· Ἀγαπᾷς με πλέον τούτων; Οὕτως οὐκ ἀπὸ ψύξεως, ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ γυμνωθῆναι τῆς ἄνωθεν βοηθείας γέγονε. Τὴν μὲν οὖν ἀγάπην ἀποδέχεται τοῦ Πέτρου, τὴν δὲ ἐξ αὐτῆς τικτομένην ἀντιλογίαν περικόπτει. Εἰ γὰρ ἀγαπᾷς, ὀφείλεις τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ πείθεσθαι. Εἶπε καὶ σοὶ καὶ τοῖς μετὰ σοῦ, Οὐ δύνασαι· τί φιλονεικεῖς; οὐκ οἶδας τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἀπαγόρευσις Θεοῦ; Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐν τούτῳ μαθεῖν οὐ θέλεις ὅτι οὐχ οἷόν τε μὴ γενέσθαι ὃ λέγω, ἐν τῇ ἀρνήσει αὐτὸ μαθήσῃ· καίτοι πολύ σοι τοῦτο τότε ἀπιστότερον ἐφαίνετο. Τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲ ᾔδεις· ἐκείνου δὲ τὴν γνῶσιν αὐτὸς εἶχες ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ·