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themselves, moved by the Spirit. But from this point, let the discussion proceed and dwell upon the two hypotheses, according to your command. Regarding the first, then, as you hold, our lord, so also are we disposed; but let the argument be judged beforehand thus. When a murderer is apprehended, he will justly pay the corresponding penalty according to the law. But now a civil war is at hand, which, just like the other divine wraths, earthquakes and famines, floods and conflagrations, was fanned into flame by God with just judgment for our chastisement, destroying such a number as was destroyed. Since, therefore, the Lord, having had compassion, has ceased the destruction, he does not wish those who are left to be destroyed, since he would have wrought a complete annihilation as in the case of the flood; but what? That those who were spared should be saved and become worthy of mercy; for he says in the gospels, forgive, and you will be forgiven; and through the blessed Paul: Let no one repay anyone evil for evil, but always pursue what is good, both for one another and for all. Not, however, without penance; since Cain too, having murdered his brother, reasonably received the multifaceted and renowned penance. Lamech also was given a penance by himself, and Absalom, having killed his brother Amnon, was left unslain by his father according to the problem posed by the Tekoite woman. And David himself did not wish Absalom the patricide to be killed, nor is it written that he commanded those who had rebelled with him to be killed after the cessation of the war. So much, in summary, concerning this; for God, being merciful, desires that through penances, that is, exiles, imprisonments, and certain other circumstances, the opportunity for repentance be preserved for them throughout their lives. But concerning the other hypothesis, what can we even say, since your prudent and active mind knows all things? To this very point was the objection of the former ruler Leo, to bring us into discussion with the heterodox, who would render a contrary judgment, as he supposed. But also of the one now reigning there is the same objection, when he conversed with us face to face three years ago, not saying that he would judge the procedure, but this one and that one of the so-called like-minded with us; but neither we who were present face to face nor our renowned high priest tolerated it, as it was unlawful and foreign. which is indeed true, our most-desired master; for the discussion is not about worldly and carnal matters, over which the emperor has the power to judge and the worldly tribunal, but about divine and heavenly dogmas, which is not entrusted to others than those of whom God the Word himself says: whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Who then are these who have been commanded? The apostles and their successors. Who then are the successors? The one who is now first-throned of the Romans, the second of Constantinople, and of Alexandria and Antioch and of Jerusalem. This is the five-headed power of the church, with these lies the tribunal of divine dogmas; but it is for emperors and rulers to assist and co-seal what has been decreed and to reconcile those who are carnally at variance. Nothing else in divine dogmas has either been given by God or will ever be established. For this reason, regarding the dogma of the divine icons, the things synodically assembled and jabbered under the former Constantine and Leo by imperial power and audacity were rejected; on which account the church here was cut off from the other four, being subjected to eternal anathemas by the seal of the Holy Spirit. Then, by the mercy of God, a horn of orthodoxy was raised up under the great Irene with her offspring, under whom the separated parts were joined until the recent Leo; under whom the church here was again cut off, being anathematized by the former ones in like measure. It is impossible, therefore, O master, for the divine tribunal to be compared to a worldly tribunal or for this church to be joined unless the five patriarchs are of one mind. But if someone should ask, "4and how is it possible for this to happen?"5 by departing

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ἑαυτοὺς πνευματοκινήτως. Ἀλλ' ἐντεῦθεν ὁ λόγος μετελθὼν ἐν ταῖς δυσὶν ὑποθέσεσιν ἐνδιατρίψειεν κατὰ τὴν κέλευσιν. ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς πρώτης ὡς ἔχεις, ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν, οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς διατιθέμεθα· προδιαιτείσθω δὲ ὁ λόγος οὕτως. φονίσκος ἐπὰν κρατηθῇ, δικαίως ἀποτίσει πρὸς τοῦ νόμου τὴν ἀντισήκουσαν ποινήν. νυνὶ δὲ ἐμφύλιος πόλεμος πρόκειται, ὅς, ὥσπερ αἱ ἄλλαι θεομηνίαι, σεισμοί τε καὶ λιμοί, καταποντισμοὶ καὶ ἐμπρήσεις, παρὰ θεοῦ πρὸς σωφρονισμὸν ἡμῶν δικαίᾳ κρίσει ἀνερριπίσθη, ὀλέσασα τοσοῦτον ἀριθμόν, ὅσος καὶ ὤλλυτο. ἐπεὶ οὖν σπλαγχνισθεὶς κεκόπακεν τὴν θραῦσιν Κύριος, οὐ βούλεται τοὺς ὑπολειφθέντας ὄλλυσθαι, ἐπεὶ πάντως πανωλεθρίαν εἰργάσατο ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ· ἀλλὰ τί; τὸ διασεσῶσθαι τοὺς ἐαθέντας καὶ φειδοῦς γενέσθαι ἀξίους· φησὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς εὐαγγελίοις, ἄφετε καὶ ἀφεθήσεται ὑμῖν· καὶ διὰ τοῦ μακαρίου Παύλου· μή τίς τινι κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδότω, ἀλλὰ πάντοτε τὸ ἀγαθὸν διώκετε καὶ εἰς ἀλλήλους καὶ εἰς πάντας. οὐ μὴν ἀνεπιτιμήτως· ἐπεὶ καὶ Κάιν φονεύσας τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸ πολυειδὲς καὶ ᾀδόμενον ἐπιτίμιον εἰκότως εἴληφεν. ἐπιτετίμηται πρὸς ἑαυτοῦ καὶ Λάμεχ, καὶ Ἀβεσσαλώμ, τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀμνὼν κτείνας, ἐάθη ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς κατὰ τὸ ὑπὸ τῆς Θεκωίτιδος πρόβλημα ἄκταντος. καὶ αὐτὸς ∆αυὶδ οὐκ ἐβούλετο τὸν Ἀβεσσαλὼμ τὸν πατρολῴαν κτένεσθαι, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τοὺς συναποστατήσαντας αὐτῷ μετὰ τὴν παῦλαν τοῦ πολέμου γέγραπται προστάξαι φονεύεσθαι. τοσαῦτα ὡς κατ' ἐπιτομὴν περὶ τοῦδε· ἐλεήμων γὰρ ὢν ὁ θεὸς θέλει δι' ἐπιτιμήσεων, ἤγουν ἐξοριῶν, φυλακῶν, ἄλλων τινῶν ὑποθέσεων τὸ τῆς μετανοίας αὐτοῖς διὰ ζωῆς συντηρεῖσθαι. Ἐπεὶ δὲ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ ὑποθέσει τί καὶ φῶμεν, εἰδότος σου τοῦ ἐχέφρονος καὶ δραστηρίου νοῦ τὰ πάντα; εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἡ τοῦ προάρξαντος Λέοντος ἔνστασις συνᾶραι ἡμᾶς λόγον μετὰ τῶν ἑτεροδόξων, ἀντιθετικῶς κρίσιν ἀποίσοντος, ὡς ἐνόμιζεν. ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοῦ ἤδη τοῦ βασιλεύοντος ἡ αὐτὴ ἔνστασις, ὁπηνίκα κατὰ πρόσωπον πρὸ τριῶν ἐτῶν διελέχθη ἡμῖν, οὐκ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος κρίνειν τὴν διαδικασίαν, ἀλλὰ τοῦτον κἀκεῖνον τῶν δῆθεν ὁμοφρόνων ἡμῖν· ἀλλ' οὔτε ἡμεῖς οἱ παρόντες κατὰ πρόσωπον οὔτε ὁ κλεινὸς ἡμῶν ἀρχιερεὺς ἠνέσχετο ὡς ἔκθεσμον καὶ ὀθνεῖον. ὅπερ καὶ ἄληθες, παμπόθητε ἡμῶν δέσποτα· οὐδὲ γὰρ περὶ βιωτικῶν καὶ σαρκικῶν ὁ λόγος, ὧν βασιλεὺς τὸ κράτος ἔχει τοῦ κρίνειν καὶ τὸ βιωτικὸν κριτήριον, ἀλλὰ περὶ θείων καὶ οὐρανίων δογμάτων, ὃ ἄλλοις οὐκ ἐπιτέτραπται ἢ ἐκείνοις, οἷς φησιν αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς λόγος· ὅσα ἂν δήσητε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, καὶ ὅσα ἂν λύσητε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ. τίνες δὴ οὗτοι οἱ ἐντεταλμένοι; ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ τούτων διάδοχοι. τίνες δ' οὖν οἱ διάδοχοι; ὁ τῆς Ῥωμαίων νυνὶ πρωτόθρονος, ὁ τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως δευτερεύων, Ἀλεξανδρείας τε καὶ Ἀντιοχείας καὶ ὁ Ἱεροσολύμων. τοῦτο τὸ πεντακό-ρυφον κράτος τῆς ἐκκλησίας, παρὰ τούτοις τὸ τῶν θείων δογμάτων κριτήριον· βασιλέων δὲ καὶ ἡγεμόνων τὸ συνεπικουρεῖν καὶ συνεπισφραγίζειν τὰ δεδογμένα καὶ διαλλάττειν τὰ σαρκικῶς διαφορούμενα. οὐκ ἄλλο τι ἐν τοῖς θείοις δόγμασιν οὔτε δέδοται πρὸς θεοῦ οὔτε γενησόμενον στήσεται. διὰ τοῦτο ἀπεδοκιμάσθη ἐπὶ τοῦ δόγματος τῶν θείων εἰκόνων τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ πάλαι Κωνσταντίνου καὶ Λέοντος βασιλικῷ κράτει καὶ θράσει συνεδριασθέντα τε καὶ βατταρισθέντα· ἐφ' οἷς ἐτμήθη ἡ τῇδε ἐκκλησία τῶν ἑτέρων τεττάρων, ἀναθεματισμοῖς ὑποβαλλομένη αἰωνίοις σφραγῖδι τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος. εἶτα ἐλέῳ θεοῦ ἠγέρθη κέρας ὀρθοδοξίας ἐπὶ Εἰρήνης τῆς πάνυ σὺν τῷ αὐτῆς ῥαδάμνῳ, ἐφ' ἧς συνήφθη τὰ διεστῶτα μέχρις Λέοντος τοῦ προσεχοῦς· ἐφ' ᾧ αὖθις διετμήθη ἡ τῇδε ἐκκλησία, ἀναθεματιζομένη ὑπὸ τῶν προτέρων ἰσορρόπως. Ἀμήχανον οὖν ἐστιν, ὦ δέσποτα, βιωτικῷ κριτηρίῳ παραβάλλεσθαι τὸ θεῖον κριτήριον ἢ συναφθῆναι τήνδε τὴν ἐκκλησίαν μὴ οὐχὶ ὁμονοούντων τῶν πέντε πατριαρχῶν. εἰ δέ τις ἐρωτοίη "4καὶ πῶς ἐνδέχεται τοῦτο γενέσθαι;"5 τῷ ἐκστῆναι