307

But even if the hour has passed, still he who is not subject to the hour speaks with you. But John also says they were of barley, not relating this incidentally, but teaching us to trample on the pride of luxury. Such also was the table of the prophets. Taking then the five loaves and the two fish, and having commanded the multitudes, he says, to recline on the grass, looking up to heaven, he blessed; and having broken, he gave to his disciples, and the disciples to the multitudes; 58.498 and they all ate, and were satisfied; and they took up what was left over of the fragments, twelve baskets full. And those eating were about five thousand men, besides women and children. 2. Why did he look up to heaven and bless? It was necessary for him to be believed, that he is from the Father, and that he is equal. But the things that established these seemed to conflict with each other. For to do all things with authority showed his equality; but that he was from the Father they would not have been persuaded otherwise, unless he acted with great humility, and referring all things to him, and calling upon him in the things that were happening. For this reason, then, he did neither these things alone, nor those, so that both might be confirmed; and now he works miracles with authority, and now by praying. Then, lest again what was happening might seem to be a conflict, in the lesser things he looks up to heaven, but in the greater things he does all things with authority; so that you may learn even in the lesser things that it is not as one empowered from elsewhere, but as one honoring the one who begot him that he so acts. For when he forgave sins, and opened paradise, and brought in the thief, and abolished the old law with great abundance, and raised countless dead, and bridled the sea, and exposed the secrets of men, and created an eye, which are achievements of God alone, and of no other, he is nowhere seen praying; but when he caused the loaves to multiply, which was much less than all these things, then he looks up to heaven; at once establishing these things, which I have said, and at the same time teaching us not to touch the table before we have given thanks to the one who provides this food for us. And why does he not make it out of nothing? To shut the mouth of Marcion and Manichaeus, who alienate creation from him, and teaching through his works that all visible things are his works and creations, and showing that it is he who gives the fruits, who said from the beginning: Let the earth bring forth vegetation; and, Let the waters bring forth swarms of living creatures. For this is no less than that. For though those things were from things not existing, yet still from water; but it is no less a thing than to show fruit from the earth and living creatures from the waters, to make so many loaves from five loaves, and again from the fish; which was a sign that he ruled both the land and the sea. For since he always worked miracles on the sick, he also performs a universal good deed, so that the many might not only be spectators of what happened to others, but might also themselves enjoy the gift. And what seemed wonderful to the Jews in the desert (for they said, Can he also give bread, or prepare a table in the wilderness?), this he shows through his works. For this reason he also leads them into a desert, so that the miracle might be beyond all suspicion, and no one might think that a nearby village brought something to the table. For this reason he also mentions the hour, not only the place. And we also learn another thing, the philosophy of the disciples in necessary things, and how they despised food. For being twelve, they had only five loaves and two fish; so incidental were bodily things to them, and they held only to spiritual things. And they did not even hold on to the few things they had, but 58.499 being asked for them, they gave them. From which we must be taught, 58.499 that even if we have little, we ought to give it up to those in need. At any rate, having been commanded to bring the five loaves, they do not say: And from where will our nourishment be? or from where will we ourselves satisfy our hunger? but they obey immediately. In addition to the

307

εἰ δὲ καὶ ἡ ὥρα παρῆλθεν, ἀλλ' ὁ μὴ ὑποκείμενος ὥρᾳ ὑμῖν διαλέγεται. Ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης καὶ κριθίνους αὐτοὺς εἶναι λέγει, οὐ παρέργως τοῦτο διηγούμενος, ἀλλὰ τὸν τῦφον τῆς πολυτελείας παιδεύων ἡμᾶς καταπατεῖν. Τοιαύτη καὶ ἡ τῶν προφητῶν τράπεζα ἦν. Λαβὼν τοίνυν τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας, καὶ κελεύσας τοὺς ὄχλους, φησὶν, ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐπὶ τοὺς χόρτους, ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν εὐλόγησε· καὶ κλάσας ἔδωκε τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις· 58.498 καὶ ἔφαγον πάντες, καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν· καὶ ἦραν τὸ περισσεῦον τῶν κλασμάτων δώδεκα κοφίνους πλήρεις. Οἱ δὲ ἐσθίοντες ἦσαν ἄνδρες ὡσεὶ πεντακισχίλιοι, χωρὶς γυναικῶν καὶ παιδίων. βʹ. ∆ιατί ἀνέβλεψεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ εὐλόγησεν; Ἔδει πιστευθῆναι αὐτὸν, ὅτι ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρός ἐστι, καὶ ὅτι ἴσος ἐστί. Τὰ δὲ τούτων κατασκευαστικὰ ἀλλήλοις ἐδόκει μάχεσθαι. Τὴν μὲν γὰρ ἰσότητα τὸ μετ' ἐξουσίας πάντα ποιεῖν ἐδείκνυ· τὸ δὲ παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς εἶναι οὐκ ἂν ἑτέρως ἐπείσθησαν, εἰ μὴ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ταπεινότητος καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν πάντα ἀναφέρων ἐποίει, καὶ καλῶν αὐτὸν εἰς τὰ γινόμενα. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο οὔτε ταῦτα μόνον ἐποίει, οὔτε ἐκεῖνα, ἵνα βεβαιωθῇ ἀμφότερα· καὶ νῦν μὲν μετ' ἐξουσίας, νῦν δὲ εὐχόμενος θαυματουργεῖ. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ πάλιν μάχη εἶναι τὸ γινόμενον, ἐν μὲν τοῖς ἐλάττοσιν ἀναβλέπει εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, ἐν δὲ τοῖς μείζοσι μετ' ἐξουσίας πάντα ποιεῖ· ἵνα μάθῃς καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐλάττοσιν ὅτι οὐκ ἐνδυναμούμενος ἑτέρωθεν, ἀλλὰ τιμῶν τὸν γεγεννηκότα οὕτω ποιεῖ. Ὅτε γοῦν ἁμαρτήματα ἀφῆκε, καὶ τὸν παράδεισον ἠνέῳξε, καὶ τὸν λῃστὴν εἰσήγαγε, καὶ τὸν παλαιὸν μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς περιουσίας ἔλυσε νόμον, καὶ νεκροὺς μυρίους ἀνέστησε, καὶ θάλατταν ἐχαλίνωσε, καὶ τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἤλεγξε, καὶ ὀφθαλμὸν ἐδημιούργησεν, ἃ Θεοῦ μόνου κατορθώματά ἐστι, καὶ ἑτέρου οὐδενὸς, οὐδαμοῦ φαίνεται εὐχόμενος· ὅτε δὲ τοὺς ἄρτους πηγάσαι παρεσκεύασεν, ὃ πολὺ τούτων ἁπάντων ἔλαττον ἦν, τότε ἀναβλέπει εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν· ὁμοῦ μὲν ταῦτα κατασκευάζων, ἅπερ εἶπον, ὁμοῦ δὲ παιδεύων ἡμᾶς, μὴ πρότερον ἅπτεσθαι τραπέζης, ἕως ἂν εὐχαριστήσωμεν τῷ τὴν τροφὴν ἡμῖν ταύτην παρέχοντι. Καὶ διατί οὐ ποιεῖ ἐκ μὴ ὄντων; Ἐμφράττων τὸ Μαρκίωνος καὶ Μανιχαίου στόμα, τῶν τὴν κτίσιν ἀλλοτριούντων αὐτοῦ, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν παιδεύων, ὅτι καὶ τὰ ὁρώμενα ἅπαντα αὐτοῦ ἔργα καὶ κτίσματά εἰσι, καὶ δεικνὺς, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ τοὺς καρποὺς διδοὺς, ὁ εἰπὼν ἐξ ἀρχῆς· Βλαστησάτω ἡ γῆ βοτάνην χόρτου· καὶ, Ἐξαγαγέτω τὰ ὕδατα ἑρπετὰ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔλαττον τοῦτο ἐκείνου. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐκεῖνα, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐξ ὕδατος· οὐκ ἔλαττον δὲ τοῦ ἀπὸ γῆς δεῖξαι καρπὸν καὶ ἀπὸ ὑδάτων ἑρπετὰ ἔμψυχα, τὸ ἀπὸ ἄρτων πέντε ποιῆσαι ἄρτους τοσούτους, καὶ ἀπὸ ἰχθύων πάλιν· ὃ σημεῖον ἦν τοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ τῆς θαλάττης αὐτὸν κρατεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἀσθενοῦσιν ἀεὶ ἐποίει τὰ θαύματα, ποιεῖ καὶ καθολικὴν εὐεργεσίαν, ἵνα μὴ θεωροὶ μόνον οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἑτέροις συμβάντων γένωνται, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ τῆς δωρεᾶς ἀπολαύσωσι. Καὶ ὅπερ ἐδόκει ἐπὶ τῆς ἐρήμου τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις εἶναι θαυμαστὸν, (ἔλεγον γοῦν, Μὴ καὶ ἄρτον δύναται δοῦναι, ἢ ἑτοιμάσαι τράπεζαν ἐν ἐρήμῳ;) τοῦτο διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐπιδείκνυται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ εἰς ἔρημον αὐτοὺς ἄγει, ἵνα μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς ἀνύποπτον ᾖ τὸ θαῦμα, καὶ μηδεὶς νομίσῃ πλησίον κώμην παρακειμένην εἰσενεγκεῖν τι εἰς τὴν τράπεζαν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τῆς ὥρας μέμνηται, οὐχὶ τοῦ τόπου μόνον. Καὶ ἕτερον δὲ μανθάνομεν, τὴν φιλοσοφίαν τῶν μαθητῶν τὴν ἐν τοῖς ἀναγκαίοις, καὶ πῶς κατεφρόνουν τροφῆς. ∆ώδεκα γὰρ ὄντες πέντε ἄρτους εἶχον μόνους καὶ δύο ἰχθύας· οὕτω πάρεργα ἦν αὐτοῖς τὰ σωματικὰ, καὶ τῶν πνευματικῶν εἴχοντο μόνον. Καὶ οὐδὲ τῶν ὀλίγων ἀντείχοντο, ἀλλὰ 58.499 καὶ αὐτοὺς αἰτηθέντες ἔδωκαν. Ὅθεν παιδεύεσθαι χρὴ, 58.499 ὅτι κἂν ὀλίγα ἔχωμεν, καὶ αὐτὰ προΐεσθαι δεῖ τοῖς δεομένοις. Κελευσθέντες γοῦν ἐνεγκεῖν τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους, οὑ λέγουσι· Καὶ πόθεν ἡμῖν ἔσται ἡ διατροφή; πόθεν δὲ ἡμεῖς παραμυθησόμεθα τὴν πεῖναν τὴν ἡμετέραν; ἀλλ' ὑπακούουσιν εὐθέως. Πρὸς δὲ τοῖς