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it was done, and for a demonstration to those who ought to profit; for it did not happen simply, but with much wonder-working, so that both by the striking and by its wondrous manner, it produced a twofold benefit. On Pharaoh, and on all his servants. Have you seen the unspeakable power? how, when all were together, the punishment recognized these ones, and while those ones suffered, others profited? But how does it say, On all his servants? And yet not all had firstborn; but it speaks of the other signs, and in Egypt indeed, when these were being struck, the Jews profited; but in the wilderness, when the Jews were receiving benefits, others were helped; and the plagues indeed he brought upon the enemies, but the benefits upon these, through 55.395 both helping all. And for what reason does he not also benefit these? Because the majority of men are accustomed to recognize God when being struck rather than when being benefited. Since indeed he himself did not wish to punish, see him continually withholding the plagues, and through both showing his power and his love for mankind. And yet it would have been enough after one, and a second, and a third, to destroy them completely, as those suffering incurably; but he did not wish it, but although foreknowing the things to come, and that not by a fifth, nor a sixth, nor a tenth would they become better, he did not cease from doing his part; whence one can especially marvel at his power, and his care, and his wisdom, and his goodness. His power, because he struck; his care, because he held back; his wisdom, because knowing the things to come he did his part; which itself is especially a mark of love for mankind, to begin from the lesser things, from the more irrational things. And proceeding further he also touched the king, which especially caused the things that were happening to be proclaimed. For the things that happen to private individuals are likely also to escape notice; but when the one receiving the plague is conspicuous, there is nothing to prevent the matters from being sounded forth everywhere. Having said, then, the reason for which he struck, he also speaks of the plagues, and he does not list these often, nor by kind, but having hinted at all of them in one word, he passed them over by saying, He sent forth signs and wonders in your midst, O Egypt. Then again he leads the people out of Egypt into the wilderness, showing everywhere that God is not partial, nor ruling in one country, but everywhere in the inhabited world. Wherefore he added, saying; Who smote many nations, and slew mighty kings; through the whole way giving pledges of his power in various ways, and in teaching them he was their general through deeds. For also through the wars he taught the former things, that it was not the nature of the air, not the power of the elements, nor anything else of such things, but the hand that was their general made war; and through both, both were shown, through the things in Egypt the things in the wilderness, and through the things in the wilderness, the things in Egypt. For when they themselves, without arms, and battle array, and combat, cast down their enemies, he made it clear to them, that also in Egypt, not needing the elements did he move these things against them, but wishing to display his own power variously and differently, he made use of existing things for these purposes. Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan. He does not go over the cities, nor does he speak of the battle array in detail, but again magnanimously he runs past countless snowfalls of wonders. For being able to linger, and to swell that tragedy, he does not do this; but being also in the midst of a multitude and an abundance of the works of God, he goes over everything in passing. And yet the ones were armed, and inhabiting walled cities, and had practiced tactics; but the others were fugitives, inexperienced in wars, freed from a long slavery and a lengthy tyranny, consumed by famine and punishment, exposed to all for suffering 55.396 ill; but they were more powerful than all because of the hand that was their general.

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ἐγίνετο, καὶ πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν τῶν ὀφειλόντων κερδαίνειν· οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς συνέβαινεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς παραδοξοποιίας, ὥστε καὶ τῷ πλήττειν, καὶ τῷ παραδόξως, διπλῆν ἐμποιεῖν τὴν ὠφέλειαν. Ἐν Φαραὼ, καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ. Εἶδες τὴν δύναμιν τὴν ἄφατον; πῶς ὁμοῦ πάντων ὄντων, τούτους ἐπεγίνωσκεν ἡ τιμωρία, καὶ ἔπασχον μὲν ἐκεῖνοι, ἐκέρδαινον δὲ ἕτεροι; Πῶς δέ φησιν, Ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ; Καίτοι γε οὐ πάντες εἶχον πρωτότοκα· ἀλλὰ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων σημείων λέγει, καὶ ἐν μὲν Αἰγύπτῳ πληττομένων τούτων ἐκέρδαινον οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι· ἐν δὲ τῇ ἐρήμῳ εὐεργετουμένων Ἰουδαίων, ὠφελοῦντο ἕτεροι· καὶ τὰς μὲν πληγὰς τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐπήγαγε, τὰς δὲ εὐεργεσίας τούτοις, δι' 55.395 ἑκατέρων πάντας ὠφελῶν. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐκ εὐεργετεῖ καὶ τούτους; Ὅτι εἰώθασιν οἱ πλείους τῶν ἀνθρώπων πληττόμενοι μᾶλλον ἢ εὐεργετούμενοι τὸν Θεὸν ἐπιγινώσκειν. Ἐπεὶ ὅτι γε αὐτὸς οὐκ ἐβούλετο κολάζειν, ὅρα αὐτὸν συνεχῶς ἀνέχοντα τὰς πληγὰς, καὶ δι' ἑκατέρων αὐτοῦ δεικνύντα καὶ τὴν δύναμιν καὶ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν. Καίτοι γε ἤρκει μετὰ μίαν, καὶ δευτέραν, καὶ τρίτην, ὡς ἀνίατα νοσοῦντας ἀπολέσαι πάντη· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐβούλετο, ἀλλὰ καίτοι τὰ μέλλοντα προειδὼς, καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲ πέμπτῃ, οὐδὲ ἕκτῃ, οὐδὲ δεκάτῃ γενήσονται βελτίους, τὰ αὐτοῦ ποιῶν οὐκ ἐπαύετο· ὅθεν μάλιστα καὶ τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν κηδεμονίαν, καὶ τὴν σοφίαν, καὶ τὴν ἀγαθότητα ἔστι θαυμάσαι. Τὴν δύναμιν, ὅτι ἔπληξε· τὴν κηδεμονίαν, ὅτι ἀνέσχε· τὴν σοφίαν, ὅτι εἰδὼς τὰ μέλλοντα τὸ αὐτοῦ ἐποίει· ὃ μάλιστα καὶ αὐτὸ φιλανθρωπίας ἐστὶ, τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν μικροτέρων ἄρχεσθαι, τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλογωτέρων. Καὶ προϊὼν δὲ καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως ἥπτετο, ὃ καὶ μάλιστα ἐκκηρυχθῆναι ἐποίει τὰ συμβαίνοντα. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν ἰδιωτῶν γινόμενα, εἰκὸς καὶ λαθεῖν· ὅταν δὲ ὁ δεχόμενος τὴν πληγὴν περιφανὴς ᾖ, τὸ κωλύον οὐδὲν πανταχοῦ τὰ πράγματα ἐξηχηθῆναι. Εἰπὼν τοίνυν τὴν αἰτίαν, δι' ἣν ἐπάταξε, λέγει καὶ τὰς πληγὰς, καὶ οὐδὲ ταύτας καταλέγει πολλάκις, οὐδὲ κατ' εἶδος, ἀλλ' ἑνὶ ῥήματι πάσας αὐτὰς αἰνιξάμενος παρέδραμε τῷ εἰπεῖν, Ἐξαπέστειλε σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ἐν μέσῳ σου, Αἴγυπτε. Εἶτα πάλιν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου τὸν λαὸν ἐξάγει εἰς τὴν ἔρημον, πανταχοῦ δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐ μερικὸς ὁ Θεὸς, οὐδὲ εἰς μίαν χώραν κρατῶν, ἀλλὰ πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης. ∆ιὸ ἐπήγαγε λέγων· Ὃς ἐπάταξεν ἔθνη πολλὰ, καὶ ἀπέκτεινε βασιλεῖς κραταιούς· διὰ πάσης τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐνέχυρα ποικίλως τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ διδοὺς, καὶ ἐν τῷ διδάσκειν αὐτοὺς διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων στρατηγῶν. Καὶ γὰρ διὰ τῶν πολέμων καὶ τὰ πρότερα ἐδίδασκεν, ὅτι οὐκ ἀέρος φύσις, οὐ στοιχείων δύναμις, οὐκ ἄλλο τῶν τοιούτων οὐδὲν, ἀλλ' ἡ στρατηγοῦσα αὐτῶν ἐπολέμει χείρ· καὶ δι' ἑκατέρων ἑκάτερα ἐδείκνυτο, διὰ τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ τὰ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἐν ἐρήμῳ, τὰ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ. Ὅτε γὰρ αὐτοὶ χωρὶς ὅπλων, καὶ παρατάξεως, καὶ μάχης, ἔβαλλον τοὺς πολεμίους, δῆλον αὐτοῖς ἐποίει, ὅτι καὶ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ οὐ στοιχείων δεόμενος ταῦτα ἐκίνησε κατ' αὐτῶν, ἀλλὰ ποικίλως καὶ διαφόρως τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δύναμιν ἐνδείξασθαι θέλων, τοῖς οὖσιν εἰς ταῦτα ἐκέχρητο. Τὸν Σηὼν βασιλέα τῶν Ἀμοῤῥαίων, καὶ τὸν Ὢγ βασιλέα τῆς Βασάν. Οὐκ ἔπεισι τὰς πόλεις, οὐδὲ κατὰ μικρὸν λέγει τὴν παράταξιν, ἀλλὰ πάλιν μεγαλοψύχως παρατρέχει μυρίας νιφάδας θαυμάτων. ∆υνάμενος γὰρ ἐνδιατρῖψαι, καὶ τὴν τραγῳδίαν ἐκείνην ἐξογκῶσαι, τοῦτο οὐ ποιεῖ· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν πλήθει ὢν καὶ περιουσίᾳ τῶν ἔργων τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐκ παραδρομῆς ἅπαντα ἔπεισι. Καίτοι γε οἱ μὲν ὡπλισμένοι ἦσαν, καὶ τειχήρεις πόλεις οἰκοῦντες, καὶ τὰ τακτικὰ μεμελετηκότες· οἱ δὲ φυγάδες, πολέμων ἄπειροι, δουλείας μακρᾶς ἀπηλλαγμένοι καὶ τυραννίδος χρονίας, λιμῷ ἀναλωθέντες καὶ τιμωρίᾳ, πᾶσι προκείμενοι πρὸς τὸ κακῶς πά 55.396 σχειν· ἀλλὰ πάντων ἦσαν δυνατώτεροι διὰ τὴν στρατηγοῦσαν αὐτῶν χεῖρα.