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Give me this sheep which you have, or the calf, or some other such thing, they said; This is a gift to God, this by which you wish 58.512 to be profited by me, and you cannot receive it. And from this a double evil arose. For they neither offered it to God, and they deprived their parents in the name of the offering, insulting their parents for the sake of God, and God for the sake of their parents. But he does not say this immediately, but first he reads the law, through which he shows that he strongly desires parents to be honored. For, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ he says, ‘that you may be long-lived upon the earth;’ and again, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him surely die.’ But he, leaving that aside, the prize set for those who honor their parents, puts forward the more fearful thing, I mean the punishment threatened to those who dishonor them, wishing both to strike them with terror and to win over those who have sense; and he shows from this that they are worthy of death. For if he who dishonors with a word is punished, how much more you who do so in deed; and not only dishonoring, but also teaching others this. You then who ought not even to live, how do you bring charges against the disciples? And what wonder is it, if you direct such insults at me who am as yet unknown, when you are seen to do such things even against the Father? For everywhere he both says and shows that from there they began this madness. But some interpret, ‘It is a gift, that by which you might be profited by me,’ in another way; that is, I do not owe you honor, but I do you a favor, if I should honor you. But Christ would not have mentioned such an insult. And Mark makes this clearer, saying, ‘Corban, that by which you might be profited by me;’ which is not a gift and a gratuity, but is properly called an offering. Having shown, therefore, that those who trample upon the law would not be justified in accusing those who transgress a command of the elders, he shows this very thing also from the prophet. For since he had convicted them strongly, he proceeds further; which indeed he does everywhere, bringing the Scriptures forward, and by this showing himself to be in agreement with God. But what does the prophet say? ‘This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. But in vain they do worship me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’ Have you seen a prophecy agreeing with what was said with precision, and proclaiming their wickedness from of old? For what Christ accused them of now, this Isaiah also said from of old, that they despise the things of God; for, ‘In vain they do worship me,’ he says; but they make much of their own things; ‘For they teach as doctrines, the commandments of men.’ Therefore, it is reasonable that they do not keep them. Having then given them a timely blow, and having strengthened the accusation from the facts, and from their own vote, and from the prophet, he says nothing to them, since they are henceforth incorrigible, but turns his discourse to the crowds, so as to introduce the doctrine, being high and great, and full of much philosophy; and taking a starting-point from that, he then weaves in the greater matter, casting out the observance of foods. But see when. When he had cleansed the leper, when he had broken the Sabbath, when he had declared himself king of land and sea, when he had legislated, when he had forgiven sins, when he had raised the dead, when he had provided them with many proofs of his divinity, then he speaks concerning foods. 58.513 3. For the whole of Judaism is contained in this; and if you take this away, you have taken away the whole. For from this he shows that circumcision must also be set aside. But he himself does not introduce this beforehand, since it was older than the other commandments, and held in greater esteem; but he legislates it through the disciples. For so great was it, that even the disciples after so much time, wishing to abolish it, first manage it carefully, and so do away with it. But see how he introduces the law. For having called the crowds to him, he said to them, ‘Hear and understand.’ For he does not simply declare it to them, but by the honor and the attention he first makes the word easy to receive (for the evangelist indicated this by saying,

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∆ός μοι τὸ πρόβατον τοῦτο ὃ ἔχεις, ἢ τὸν μόσχον, ἢ ἄλλο τι τοιοῦτον, ἔλεγον· ∆ῶρόν ἐστι τῷ Θεῷ τοῦτο, ὃ θέλεις 58.512 ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῆναι, καὶ οὐ δύνασαι λαβεῖν. Καὶ διπλοῦν ἐντεῦθεν ἐγίνετο τὸ κακόν. Οὔτε γὰρ τῷ Θεῷ προσῆγον, καὶ τοὺς γονέας ὀνόματι τῆς προσφορᾶς ἀπεστέρουν, τούς τε γεγεννηκότας διὰ τὸν Θεὸν ὑβρίζοντες, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν διὰ τοὺς γεγεννηκότας. Ἀλλ' οὐ λέγει τοῦτο εὐθέως, ἀλλὰ πρότερον τὸν νόμον ἀναγινώσκει, δι' οὗ δείκνυσι σφόδρα βουλόμενον αὐτὸν τιμᾶσθαι γονέας. Τίμα γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα, ἵνα ἔσῃ μακροχρόνιος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα, θανάτῳ τελευτάτω. Ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ἐκεῖνο ἀφεὶς, τὸ κείμενον ἔπαθλον τοῖς τιμῶσι τοὺς γονέας, τὸ φοβερώτερον τίθησι, τὴν κόλασιν λέγω τὴν τοῖς ἀτιμάζουσιν ἠπειλημένην, καὶ αὐτοὺς καταπλῆξαι βουλόμενος, καὶ τοὺς νοῦν ἔχοντας ἐπισπάσασθαι· καὶ δείκνυσιν ἐντεῦθεν θανάτου ἀξίους ὄντας. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ ῥήματι ἀτιμάζων κολάζεται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑμεῖς οἱ ἔργῳ· καὶ οὐ μόνον ἀτιμάζοντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρους τοῦτο διδάσκοντες. Οἱ τοίνυν μηδὲ ζῇν ὀφείλοντες, πῶς ἐγκαλεῖτε τοῖς μαθηταῖς; Τί δὲ θαυμαστὸν, εἰ εἰς ἐμὲ τὸν τέως ἀγνοούμενον τοιαῦτα ὑβρίζετε, ὅταν καὶ εἰς τὸν πατέρα φαίνησθε τοιαῦτα ποιοῦντες; Πανταχοῦ γὰρ καὶ λέγει καὶ δείκνυσιν, ὅτι ἐκεῖθεν τῆς ἀπονοίας ἤρξαντο ταύτης. Τινὲς δὲ καὶ ἑτέρως ἑρμηνεύουσι τὸ, ∆ῶρον, ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς· τουτέστιν, Οὐκ ὀφείλω σοι τιμὴν, ἀλλὰ χαρίζομαί σοι, ἂν ἄρα σε τιμήσω. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ὁ Χριστὸς τοιαύτης ἐμνημόνευσεν ὕβρεως. Καὶ ὁ Μάρκος δὲ σαφέστερον τοῦτο ποιεῖ λέγων· Κορβᾶν, ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς· ὅπερ οὐκ ἔστι δωρεὰ καὶ προὶξ, ἀλλὰ προσφορὰ κυρίως λέγεται. ∆είξας τοίνυν, ὅτι οὐκ ἂν εἶεν δίκαιοι ἐγκαλεῖν παραβαίνουσιν ἐντολὴν πρεσβυτέρων οἱ τὸν νόμον καταπατοῦντες, δείκνυσι τοῦτο αὐτὸ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ προφήτου. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτοὺς εἷλε σφοδρῶς, περαιτέρω πρόεισιν· ὃ δὴ πανταχοῦ ποιεῖ, τὰς Γραφὰς εἰς μέσον ἄγων, καὶ ταύτῃ δεικνὺς ἑαυτὸν συμβαίνοντα τῷ Θεῷ. Τί δὲ ὁ προφήτης φησίν; Ὁ λαὸς οὗτος τοῖς χείλεσί με τιμᾷ, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόῤῥω ἀπέχει ἀπ' ἐμοῦ. Μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με, διδάσκοντες διδασκαλίας, ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων. Εἶδες προφητείαν συμφωνοῦσαν τοῖς εἰρημένοις μετὰ ἀκριβείας, καὶ ἄνωθεν αὐτῶν προαναφωνουμένην τὴν κακίαν; Ὅπερ γὰρ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐνεκάλεσε νῦν, τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Ἡσαΐας ἄνωθεν εἶπεν, ὅτι τῶν μὲν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταφρονοῦσι· Μάτην γὰρ σέβονταί με, φησίν· τῶν δὲ ἰδίων πολὺν ποιοῦνται λόγον· ∆ιδάσκοντες γὰρ ἐντάλματα, διδασκαλίας ἀνθρώπων. Οὐκοῦν εἰκότως αὐτὰς οὐ τηροῦσι. ∆οὺς τοίνυν αὐτοῖς καιρίαν τὴν πληγὴν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκείας ψήφου, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ προφήτου τὴν κατηγορίαν αὐξήσας, ἐκείνοις μὲν οὐδὲν διαλέγεται, ἀδιορθώτως λοιπὸν ἔχουσι, τὸν δὲ λόγον τρέπει πρὸς τοὺς ὄχλους, ὥστε τὸ δόγμα εἰσενεγκεῖν ὑψηλὸν καὶ μέγα ὂν, καὶ πολλῆς φιλοσοφίας γέμον· καὶ λαβὼν ἀφορμὴν ἀπ' ἐκείνου, τὸ μεῖζον ἐνυφαίνει λοιπὸν, καὶ τὴν τῶν βρωμάτων παρατήρησιν ἐκβάλλων. Ἀλλ' ὅρα πότε. Ὅτε τὸν λεπρὸν ἐκάθηρεν, ὅτε τὸ σάββατον ἔλυσεν, ὅτε γῆς καὶ θαλάττης βασιλέα ἑαυτὸν ἀπέφηνεν, ὅτε ἐνομοθέτησεν, ὅτε ἁμαρτήματα ἀφῆκεν, ὅτε νεκροὺς ἤγειρεν, ὅτε πολλὰ τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ δείγματα παρέσχεν αὐτοῖς, τότε περὶ βρωμάτων διαλέγεται. 58.513 γʹ. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ πᾶς Ἰουδαϊσμὸς ἐν τούτῳ συνέχεται· κἂν τοῦτο ἀνέλῃς, καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἀνεῖλες. Ἐντεῦθεν γὰρ δείκνυσιν, ὅτι καὶ περιτομὴν δεῖ λύειν. Ἀλλ' αὐτὸς μὲν τοῦτο προηγουμένως οὐκ εἰσηγεῖται, ἐπειδὴ τῶν ἄλλων ἐντολῶν πρεσβύτερον ἦν, καὶ πλείονα εἶχε τὴν ὑπόληψιν· διὰ δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτὸ νομοθετεῖ. Οὕτω γὰρ μέγα ἦν, ὅτι καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ μετὰ τοσοῦτον χρόνον βουλόμενοι αὐτὸ ἀνελεῖν, πρότερον αὐτὸ μεταχειρίζονται, καὶ οὕτω καταλύουσιν. Ὅρα δὲ πῶς εἰσάγει τὸν νόμον. Προσκαλεσάμενος γὰρ τοὺς ὄχλους εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Ἀκούσατε καὶ συνίετε. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς αὐτοῖς ἀποφαίνεται, ἀλλὰ τῇ τιμῇ καὶ τῇ θεραπείᾳ πρῶτον εὐπαράδεκτον ποιεῖ τὸν λόγον (τοῦτο γὰρ ἐδήλωσεν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς εἰπὼν,