322

He did not prevent their use after that sin. And He did not make only one heaven, but also another, showing from the beginning that He does not leave us to the earth, but will transfer us there. For if He were not going to transfer us there, for what reason was heaven also brought forth? For this element is not indeed useful to Him; for He needs nothing; but wishing to transfer those from the earth there, He prepared the dwellings. 2. Wherefore, the Prophet, knowing these things, adds to each, "For His mercy endures forever," being astonished at His love for mankind. To Him who established the earth upon the waters. See again here His love for mankind. For since we became mortal and were placed in many needs, not even so did He abandon us, but has given us here a suitable lodging for the time in between, and filled the earth with so many proofs of His love for mankind, that it is not even possible to describe them in word. The prophet, at any rate, falling into the abyss of these benefactions, and seeing the vast sea, leapt away crying out loudly and saying: How magnified are Your works, O Lord. In wisdom You have made them all. And if one should look upon the sun, and the moon, and the arrangement of the seasons, again he will see all His love for mankind. For these elements contribute not a little to the good order of our life, and to life itself, nourishing, ripening fruits, without which it was not possible to live, showing us seasons, distinguishing hours, separating the courses of day and night, guiding travelers on land and sea, providing a myriad of other needs. Do you see how "His mercy endures forever," and how the Prophet adds this to each of the verses? But another interpreter, for "To rule the day," said "To have dominion over the day." Another, "To rule in the night." To Him who struck Egypt with their firstborn; and brought Israel out from among them. With a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. He continually brings up the wonder in Egypt, because of their great ingratitude, and their always forgetting these things upon hearing them. And it is no small sign of mercy; for this delivered them from captivity, from slavery, and became for those after them a basis for the knowledge of God. And here it hints at another thing. What is that? That even after that plague, it was by His power that He freed them from slavery, shaking them with fear, and drowning them in the sea. And he says these things, lest any of the more foolish think that when He commanded them to take the gold, and the silver vessels, He commanded it through weakness. For He did this also, wishing to be terrible to His enemies from every side, and to show that He is able to work all things both by power and with authority, and to deceive them, and to delude them. For the things He did openly, He did not do because He was unable to deceive; and the things He did by deceiving, He did not do because He was unable to take openly, but in either way showing His own strength. For that this also instilled great fear 55.402 in the foreigners, hear what the diviners of the Ashdodites say after this: This is the hard God, who struck Egypt, and when He had mocked them, then He brought them out. Do you see them trembling before Him because of this also, because of the theft, because of the deceit, because He plundered them? To Him who divided the Red Sea into parts. Another, "Into sections." Another, "Into segments." For some say that there was not one path, but that the water was parted for each tribe, so that there were many crossings. But all these things, though they demonstrated His great strength, and showed Him to be terrible and great, nevertheless also contained His great love for mankind, not only for those who benefited, but, if they were willing to pay attention, also for their adversaries. For He did not simply drown them,

322

οὐκ ἐκώλυσεν αὐτῶν τὴν χρῆσιν μετὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐκείνην. Καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησεν οὐρανὸν ἕνα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερον, ἐκ προοιμίων δεικνὺς, ὅτι οὐκ ἐναφίησιν ἡμᾶς τῇ γῇ, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ μεταστήσει. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἔμελλεν ἐκεῖ μεθιστᾷν, τίνος ἕνεκεν καὶ οὐρανὸς παρήγετο; Οὐ γὰρ δὴ αὐτῷ χρήσιμον τοῦτο τὸ στοιχεῖον· οὐδενὸς γὰρ δεῖται· ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἀπὸ γῆς ἐκεῖ μεθιστᾷν βουλόμενος, παρεσκεύασε τὰ οἰκήματα. βʹ. ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Προφήτης ταῦτα εἰδὼς, ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ, Εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ, ἐπιλέγει, ἐκπληττόμενος αὐτοῦ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν. Τῷ στερεώσαντι τὴν γῆν ἐπὶ τῶν ὑδάτων. Ὅρα πάλιν κἀνταῦθα τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐγενόμεθα θνητοὶ, καὶ ἐν πολλαῖς χρείαις κατέστημεν, οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐγκατέλιπεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐνταῦθα κατάλληλον ἡμῖν καταγώγιον δέδωκε τὸν μεταξὺ χρόνον, καὶ τοσούτων τὴν γῆν δειγμάτων τῆς αὐτοῦ φιλανθρωπίας ἐνέπλησεν, ὡς μηδὲ λόγῳ παραστῆναι δύνασθαι. Ὁ γοῦν προφήτης ἐμπεσὼν εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον τῶν εὐεργετημάτων τούτων, καὶ ἰδὼν τὸ πέλαγος ἀχανὲς, ἀπεπήδησε μέγα βοήσας καὶ εἰπών· Ὡς ἐμεγαλύνθη τὰ ἔργα σου, Κύριε. Πάντα ἐν σοφίᾳ ἐποίησας. Καὶ τὸν ἥλιον δὲ εἴ τις κατίδοι, καὶ τὴν σελήνην, καὶ τὴν διάταξιν τῶν καιρῶν, πάλιν ὄψεται αὐτοῦ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν ἅπασαν. Οὐ γὰρ μικρὸν ἡμῖν εἰς εὐταξίαν ζωῆς, καὶ εἰς αὐτὴν τὴν ζωὴν ταῦτα συντελεῖ τὰ στοιχεῖα, τρέφοντα, καρποὺς πεπαίνοντα, ὧν ἄνευ ζῆσαι οὐκ ἦν, καιροὺς ἡμῖν δεικνύντα, ὥρας χαρακτηρίζοντα, δρόμους ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς διαστέλλοντα, ὁδοιπόρους γῆς καὶ θαλάττης ὁδηγοῦντα, μυρίαν ἑτέραν χρείαν παρεχόμενα. Εἶδες πῶς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ, καὶ πῶς καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν στίχων τοῦτο ἐπιλέγει ὁ Προφήτης; Ἕτερος δὲ ἑρμηνευτὴς, Εἰς ἐξουσίαν τῆς ἡμέρας, Ἐπικρατεῖν εἶπε τῆς ἡμέρας. Ἄλλος, Εἰς ἐξουσίαν ἐν νυκτί. Τῷ πατάξαντι Αἴγυπτον σὺν τοῖς πρωτοτόκοις αὐτῶν· καὶ ἐξαγαγόντι τὸν Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν. Ἐν χειρὶ κραταιᾷ, καὶ ἐν βραχίονι ὑψηλῷ. Συνεχῶς περιστρέφει τὸ θαῦμα τὸ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, διὰ τὴν πολλὴν αὐτῶν ἀγνωμοσύνην, καὶ τὸ ἀεὶ τούτων ἀκούοντας ἐπιλανθάνεσθαι. Οὐ μικρὸν δὲ καὶ τὸ ἔλεος σημεῖον· τοῦτο γὰρ ἀπήλλαξεν αἰχμαλωσίας ἐκείνους, δουλείας, καὶ τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτα γέγονε θεογνωσίας ὑπόθεσις. Καὶ ἕτερον δὲ ἐνταῦθα αἰνίττεται. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Ὅτι καὶ μετὰ τὴν πληγὴν ἐκείνην τῆς αὐτοῦ δυνάμεως γέγονε τὸ ἀπαλλάξαι αὐτοὺς τῆς δουλείας, κατασείσαντος αὐτοὺς τῷ φόβῳ, καὶ καταποντίσαντος τῇ θαλάσσῃ. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγει, ἵνα μή τις τῶν ἀνοητοτέρων νομίσῃ, ὅτι κελεύων αὐτοῖς τὸ χρυσίον λαβεῖν, καὶ τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἀργυρᾶ, δι' ἀσθένειαν ἐκέλευε. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο ἐποίησε πανταχόθεν βουλόμενος εἶναι φοβερὸς τοῖς πολεμίοις, καὶ δεῖξαι ὅτι καὶ δυνάμει καὶ μετὰ αὐθεντίας ἅπαντα δύναται ἐργάζεσθαι, καὶ ἀπατᾷν αὐτοὺς, καὶ παρακρούεσθαι. Ἅ τε γὰρ φανερῶς ἐποίησεν, οὐ διὰ τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, ὡς οὐ δυνάμενος ἀπατῆσαι· ἅ τε ἀπατήσας, οὐ διὰ τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, ὡς οὐ δυνάμενος φανερῶς λαβεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐν ἑκατέρῳ τῷ μέρει τὴν ἰσχὺν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δεικνύς. Ὅτι γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο μέγαν φόβον ἐνέθηκε 55.402 τοῖς ἀλλοφύλοις, ἄκουσον τί φασι μετὰ ταῦτα οἱ μάντεις οἱ Ἀζωτίων· Οὗτος ὁ Θεὸς ὁ σκληρὸς, ὃς ἐπάταξε τὴν Αἴγυπτον, καὶ ὅτε ἐνέπαιξεν αὐτοῖς, τότε ἐξήγαγεν αὐτούς. Ὁρᾷς αὐτοὺς καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τρέμοντας αὐτὸν, διὰ τὴν κλοπὴν, διὰ τὴν ἀπάτην, διὰ τὸ ἀποχρήσασθαι αὐτούς; Τῷ καταδιελόντι τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν εἰς διαιρέσεις. Ἕτερος, Εἰς τομάς. Ἄλλος, Εἰς τμήματα. Τινὲς γάρ φασιν, ὅτι οὐ μία γέγονεν ἡ ὁδὸς, ἀλλὰ καθ' ἑκάστην φυλὴν τὸ ὕδωρ ἐσχίζετο, ὡς πολλὰς γενέσθαι τὰς διαβάσεις. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα πάντα εἰ καὶ πολλὴν τὴν ἰσχὺν ἐπεδείκνυτο, καὶ φοβερὸν αὐτὸν ἀπέφαινε καὶ μέγαν, ἀλλ' οὖν πολλὴν καὶ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν εἶχεν, οὐχὶ τοῖς ἀπολαύουσι μόνον, ἀλλ', εἰ προσέχειν ἐβούλοντο, καὶ τοῖς ἐναντίοις. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς κατεπόντισεν αὐτοὺς,