323

the will of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. So He wills us to be also, saying: That they may be one, even as I and you are one. 4. For nothing is equal to concord or harmony; for one man, in this way, is many. For if two or ten are of one mind, the one is no longer one, but each of them becomes ten times what he was, and you will find the one in the ten, and the ten in the one. And if they have an enemy, he attacks not one, but when he has attacked one, he is thus caught as having attacked the ten. For he is not struck by one alone, but by ten mouths. Is one in poverty? But he is not in poverty; for in the greater part, that is, in the nine, he is wealthy, and the poor part, the lesser, is overshadowed by the greater, the wealthy part. Each of them has twenty hands, and twenty eyes, and as many feet. For he sees not with his own eyes alone, but also with those of others; he is not carried by his own feet, but also by those of others; he works not with his own hands, but also with theirs. He has ten souls; for not only does he care for himself, but they also care for him. And if there were a hundred, it would be the same again, and the scope of his power would be extended. Do you see the excellence of love, how it makes one man invincible and many times stronger? how one man can be in many places? The same man in Persia and in Rome? And what nature cannot do, love can do? For a part of him will be here, and a part there; or rather, he will be wholly here, and wholly there. If, then, he has a thousand or two thousand friends, consider to what point the scope of his power will again be extended. Do you see how love is a multiplier? For this is the wonderful thing, to make one man a thousand. Why then do we not acquire this power, and establish ourselves in security? This is better than any sovereignty and wealth; this is more than health, this is more than light itself; this is a foundation of cheerfulness. How long shall we confine our love to one or two? Learn the matter also from its opposite. Let there be someone who has no friend, which is the utmost folly (for a fool will say: I have no friend); what sort of life will such a man live? For even if he be ten thousand times rich, and in abundance and luxury, and in possession of countless good things, he is rendered desolate and naked of all. But in the case of friends it is not so; but even if they are poor, they happen to be wealthier than the rich; and the things which he does not attempt to say for himself, these 59.426 a friend will say; and as many things as he cannot grant himself, he will be able to through another, and many more, and it will be for us a foundation of all enjoyment and security. For it is not possible to suffer ill when guarded by so many spearmen. For the king's bodyguards are not so exact as these. For the former display their guard out of necessity and fear, but the latter out of goodwill and love; and this is far more despotic than fear. And that one fears his own guards, but this one trusts these more than himself, and because of them fears none who plot against him. Let us then engage in this trade; the poor man, that he may have a comfort for his poverty; the rich man, that he may possess his wealth in security; the ruler, that he may rule with security; the subject, that he may have benevolent rulers. This is an occasion for civility, this is a foundation of gentleness. Since even among wild beasts, those are most fierce and untamable which do not herd together. For this reason we dwell in cities, and have marketplaces, that we may associate with one another. This also Paul commanded, saying: Not forsaking the assembling of yourselves together. For nothing is so evil as solitude, and being implacable and unapproachable. What then of the monks, he says, and those who have taken to the mountain tops? Not even they are without friends, but they have fled the tumults in the marketplace, and have many of like mind, and are precisely bound together with one another; and to achieve this, they withdrew. For since the contentiousness of worldly affairs creates many quarrels, for this reason they have removed themselves from the midst and cultivate love with great precision. What then, if someone were alone, he says, even he has countless friends? I

323

θέλημα Πατρὸς, καὶ Υἱοῦ, καὶ ἁγίου Πνεύματος. Οὕτω καὶ ἡμᾶς εἶναι βούλεται λέγων· Ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν, καθὼς καὶ ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ ἕν ἐσμεν. δʹ. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ὁμονοίας ἴσον οὐδὲ συμφωνίας· ὁ γὰρ εἷς, πολλοστός ἐστιν οὕτως. Ἂν γὰρ ὁμόψυχοι ὦσι δύο ἢ δέκα, οὐκ ἔτι εἷς ἐστιν ὁ εἷς, ἀλλὰ δεκαπλασίων ἕκαστος αὐτῶν γίνεται, καὶ εὑρήσεις ἐν τοῖς δέκα τὸν ἕνα, καὶ ἐν τῷ ἑνὶ τοὺς δέκα. Κἂν ἐχθρὸν ἔχωσιν, οὐ τῷ ἑνὶ προσβαλὼν, ὡς τοῖς δέκα προσβαλὼν, οὕτως ἁλίσκεται. Οὐ γὰρ ὑφ' ἑνὸς βάλλεται μόνον, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τῶν δέκα στομάτων. Ἠπόρησεν ὁ εἷς; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἀπορίᾳ· τῷ γὰρ μείζονι μέρει, τουτέστι, τοῖς ἐννέα, εὐπορεῖ, καὶ τὸ ἀποροῦν συσκιάζεται μέρος, τὸ ἔλαττον, διὰ τοῦ πλείονος τοῦ εὐποροῦντος. Ἕκαστος τούτων εἴκοσι χεῖρας ἔχει, καὶ εἴκοσι ὀφθαλμοὺς, καὶ πόδας τοσούτους. Οὐ γὰρ τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ μόνον ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρᾷ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἑτέρων, οὐ τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ βαστάζει ποσὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἑτέρων· οὐ ταῖς ἑαυτοῦ χερσὶν ἐργάζεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῖς ἐκείνων. Ψυχὰς ἔχει δέκα· οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸς ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκεῖναι ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ μεριμνῶσιν. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἑκατὸν γένοιντο, τὸ αὐτὸ ἔσται πάλιν, καὶ ἐκταθήσεται τὰ τῆς δυνάμεως. Εἶδες ἀγάπης ὑπερβολὴν, πῶς ἀκαταγώνιστον ποιεῖ τὸν ἕνα καὶ πολλαπλασίω; πῶς ὁ εἷς καὶ πολλαχοῦ δύναται εἶναι; ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ ἐν Περσίδι καὶ ἐν Ῥώμῃ; καὶ ὅπερ φύσις οὐ δύναται, ἡ ἀγάπη δύναται; Τὸ μὲν γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἐνταῦθα ἔσται, τὸ δὲ ἐκεῖ· μᾶλλον δὲ ὁλόκληρος ἐνταῦθα, καὶ ὁλόκληρος ἐκεῖ. Ἐὰν οὖν χιλίους ἔχῃ φίλους ἢ δισχιλίους, ἐννόησον ποῦ πάλιν ὑπερβήσεται τὰ τῆς δυνάμεως. Ὁρᾷς πῶς αὐξητικὸν ἡ ἀγάπη; Τὸ γὰρ θαυμαστὸν τοῦτό ἐστι, τὸ χιλιοστὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν ἕνα. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν οὐ κτώμεθα τὴν δύναμιν ταύτην, καὶ ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ καθιστῶμεν ἑαυτούς; Τοῦτο δυναστείας καὶ πλούτου κρεῖττον παντός· τοῦτο ὑγείας, τοῦτο αὐτοῦ τοῦ φωτὸς πλεῖον· τοῦτο εὐθυμίας ὑπόθεσις. Μέχρι τίνος εἰς ἕνα καὶ δύο περιιστῶμεν τὴν ἀγάπην; Μάθε καὶ ἐξ ἐναντίας τὸ πρᾶγμα. Ἔστω τις μηδένα φίλον ἔχων, ὅπερ ἀνοίας ἐστὶν ἐσχάτης (μωρὸς γὰρ ἐρεῖ· Οὐχ ὑπάρχει μοι φίλος)· ὁ τοιοῦτος ποίαν ζήσεται ζωήν; Κἂν γὰρ μυριάκις ᾖ πλούσιος, κἂν ἐν ἀφθονίᾳ καὶ τρυφῇ, κἂν μυρία ἀγαθὰ κεκτημένος, πάντων ἔρημος καὶ γυμνὸς καθίσταται. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν φίλων οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ κἂν πένητες ὦσι, τῶν πλουσίων εὐπορώτεροι τυγχάνουσι· καὶ ἅπερ αὐτὸς ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ οὐκ εἰπεῖν ἐπιχειρεῖ, ταῦτα 59.426 ὁ φίλος ἐρεῖ· καὶ ὅσα οὐ δύναται ἑαυτῷ χαρίσασθαι, δι' ἑτέρου δυνήσεται, καὶ πολλῷ πλείονα, καὶ πάσης ἡμῖν ἔσται ἀπολαύσεως καὶ ἀσφαλείας ὑπόθεσις. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστι παθεῖν κακῶς ὑπὸ τοσούτοις δορυφόροις φυλαττόμενον. Οὐ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι τοῦ βασιλέως οἱ σωματοφύλακες ἀκριβεῖς, ὡς οὗτοι. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἀνάγκῃ καὶ φόβῳ τὴν φυλακὴν ἐπιδείκνυνται, οἱ δὲ εὐνοίᾳ καὶ ἀγάπῃ· πολλῷ δὲ φόβου τυραννικωτέρα αὕτη. Κἀκεῖνος μὲν τοὺς φύλακας αὐτοῦ δέδοικεν, οὗτος δὲ τούτοις μᾶλλον ἢ ἑαυτῷ θαῤῥεῖ, καὶ διὰ τούτους οὐδένα τῶν ἐπιβουλευόντων δέδοικεν. Ἐμπορευσώμεθα τοίνυν τὴν ἐμπορίαν ταύτην, ὁ πένης, ἵνα τῆς πενίας ἔχῃ παραμυθίαν· ὁ πλούσιος, ἵνα τὸν πλοῦτον ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ κεκτημένος ᾖ· ὁ ἄρχων, ἵνα μετὰ ἀσφαλείας ἄρχῃ· ὁ ἀρχόμενος, ἵνα εὐμενεῖς ἔχῃ τοὺς ἄρχοντας. Τοῦτο ἡμερότητος ἀφορμὴ, τοῦτο πραότητος ὑπόθεσις. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν τοῖς θηρίοις ἐκεῖνα μάλιστά ἐστι χαλεπὰ καὶ ἀτίθασσα, τὰ μὴ συναγελαζόμενα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο πόλεις οἰκοῦμεν, καὶ ἀγορὰς ἔχομεν, ἵνα ἀλλήλοις συγγινώμεθα. Τοῦτο καὶ Παῦλος ἐκέλευσε λέγων· Μὴ ἐγκαταλιμπάνοντες τὴν ἐπισυναγωγὴν ἑαυτῶν. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ὡς μόνωσις κακὸν, καὶ τὸ ἄσπονδον καὶ ἀπρόσιτον. Τί οὖν οἱ μοναχοὶ, φησὶ, καὶ οἱ τὰς κορυφὰς τῶν ὀρέων κατειληφότες; Οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνοι φίλων εἰσὶ χωρὶς, ἀλλὰ τοὺς μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἔφυγον θορύβους, πολλοὺς δὲ ἔχουσιν ὁμοψύχους, καὶ ἀκριβῶς ἀλλήλοις συνδεδεμένους· καὶ ἵνα τοῦτο κατορθώσωσιν, ἀνεχώρησαν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡ τῶν πραγμάτων φιλονεικία πολλὰς ποιεῖ τὰς ἔριδας, διὰ τοῦτο ἐκ μέσου γενόμενοι τὴν ἀγάπην γεωργοῦσι μετὰ ἀκριβείας πολλῆς. Τί οὖν, εἴ τις μόνος εἴη, φησὶ, κἀκεῖνος μυρίους ἔχει φίλους; Ἐγὼ