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I have rendered back to those who render evil to me, and of him exceeding the measure given to him by the laws. But when he describes the sufferings of others, he sketches their anger, their pain; which indeed he has also done now, bringing into the midst the desire of the Jews, who extended their wrath even unto an untimely age. But the things of the New [Covenant] are not such; but we are commanded both to give drink to and to feed our enemies, to pray for those who abuse us. And we do this because of the established legislation. And what is this? For unless your righteousness exceeds, he says, that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter into the kingdom of heaven. Therefore let us show much zeal and with abundance keep it all, since we are henceforth citizens of heaven on earth, and dancing with the angels. For thus we will also obtain the good things to come; of which may it be that we all attain, by the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory and the dominion unto the ages of ages. Amen.

ON THE 137TH PSALM. I will give thanks to you, O Lord, with my whole heart.

1. I have often spoken to you about this. Therefore, having passed over it, we will come to what follows it. And what is this, And before angels I will sing praise to you? Which another interpreter said, With boldness, O God, I will sing to you. Another, Before gods I will sing melody to you. If then he means the angels in heaven, what is said is of this kind, that I will strive to sing with angels, and I will contend to set up a contest with them, and to dance in chorus with the powers above. For though I am separated by nature, yet nevertheless by zeal I will compete to stand with them. But if we should take what has been said according to the version of others, it seems to me he says this concerning the priests. For it is a custom of Scripture to call the priest both an angel and a god; now saying, You shall not revile the gods, nor speak evil of a ruler of your people; and now, The lips of priests shall keep judgment, and from his mouth they will seek righteousness, because he is the angel of the Lord Almighty. If then this is to be understood, one must understand that, With the priests, they being present, with the fitting 55.408 good order, with them beginning and leading, I will follow, and I will attend, and I will sing to you; Because you have heard all the words of my mouth. Do you see much thanksgiving? Do you see intense attention? Not like some of the lax and dissolute, who before receiving are somewhat vehement, but after receiving are grown remiss; but this one both before receiving is intent, and after receiving remains continually giving thanks. And from this it is shown, that he made his prayer pure and excellent, from its being heard by God. For this especially causes it to be heard, when the prayer is according to his will. So that we ourselves are masters of being heard. For when we ask for these things, which it is worthy for God to give, when with zeal, when we present ourselves as worthy to receive, he hears when he is called, and fulfills what is asked. I will worship toward your holy temple. And this is no small virtue, to be able to enter a temple, and entering to worship with a pure conscience. For it is not indeed the bending of the knees, nor the entering that is what is sought, but to be with a fervent mind and an intent will, to be within not only in body, but also in will; just as it is also no small dignity to worship the God who is over all, as one ought to worship. For if in the case of kings this is considered part of the dignity, much more in the case of the God of all. And I will give thanks to your name for your mercy, and for your truth. What is this? I will give thanks to you, he says, because of much

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ἀνταπέδωκα τοῖς ἀνταποδιδοῦσί μοι κακὰ, καὶ τὴν παρὰ τῶν νόμων δεδομένην αὐτῷ συμμετρίαν ὑπερβαίνοντος. Ὅταν δὲ τὰ ἑτέρων διηγῆται πάθη, τὸν θυμὸν ὑπογράφει, τὴν ὀδύνην· ὃ δὴ καὶ νῦν πεποίηκε, τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων εἰς μέσον ἄγων, οἳ καὶ μέχρι τῆς ἀώρου ἡλικίας τὴν ὀργὴν ἐξέτεινον. Ἀλλ' οὐ τὰ τῆς Καινῆς τοιαῦτα· ἀλλὰ καὶ ποτίζειν καὶ τρέφειν τοὺς ἐχθροὺς κελευόμεθα, εὔχεσθαι ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ἡμᾶς. Τοῦτο δὲ ποιοῦμεν διὰ τὴν ὡρισμένην νομοθεσίαν. Ποίαν δὲ ταύτην; Ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ περισσεύσῃ ἡ δικαιοσύνη ὑμῶν, φησὶ, πλέον τῶν γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. Πολλὴν τοίνυν ἐπιδειξώμεθα τὴν σπουδὴν καὶ μετὰ περιουσίας ἅπασαν φυλάξωμεν, ἅτε λοιπὸν ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ πολιτευόμενοι ἐπὶ γῆς, καὶ μετὰ ἀγγέλων χορεύοντες. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτευξόμεθα ἀγαθῶν· ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

ΕΙΣ ΤΟΝ ΡΛΖʹ ΨΑΛΜΟΝ. Ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι, Κύριε, ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ μου.

αʹ. Πολλάκις ὑμῖν περὶ τούτου διελέχθην. ∆ιόπερ αὐτὸ παρελθόντες, ἐπὶ τὸ ἐχόμενον αὐτοῦ ἥξομεν. Τί δὲ τοῦτό ἐστι, Καὶ ἐναντίον ἀγγέλων ψαλῶ σοι; Ὅπερ ἕτερος εἶπεν ἑρμηνευτὴς, Παῤῥησίᾳ, ὁ Θεὸς, ᾄσω σε. Ἄλλος, Ἔναντι θεῶν μελῳδήσω σοι. Ἂνμὲν οὖν τοὺς ἐν οὐρανοῖς ἀγγέλους λέγῃ, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι τὸ λεγόμενον, ὅτι Μετὰ ἀγγέλων ᾄδειν βιάσομαι, καὶ φιλονεικήσω τὴν ἅμιλλαν πρὸς αὐτοὺς θέσθαι, καὶ συγχορεῦσαι ταῖς ἄνω δυνάμεσιν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τῇ φύσει διέστηκα, ἀλλ' ὅμως τῇ προθυμίᾳ ἁμιλλήσομαι μετ' ἐκείνων στῆναι. Εἰ δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἑτέρων ἔκδοσιν ἐκλάβωμεν τὸ εἰρημένον, δοκεῖ μοι περὶ τῶν ἱερέων τοῦτο εἰπεῖν. Ἔθος γὰρ τῇ Γραφῇ καὶ ἄγγελον καλεῖν τὸν ἱερέα καὶ θεόν· νῦν μὲν λέγουσα· Θεοὺς οὐ κακολογήσεις, καὶ ἄρχοντα τοῦ λαοῦ σου οὐκ ἐρεῖς κακῶς· νῦν δὲ, Χείλη ἱερέων φυλάξεται κρίσιν, καὶ ἐκ στόματος αὐτοῦ ζητήσουσι δικαιοσύνην, ὅτι ἄγγελος Κυρίου παντοκράτορός ἐστιν. Ἂν τοίνυν τοῦτο ἐκλαβεῖν ᾖ, ἐκεῖνο νοεῖν δεῖ, ὅτι Μετὰ τῶν ἱερέων, παρόντων αὐτῶν, μετὰ τῆς προσηκούσης 55.408 εὐταξίας καταρχομένων ἐκείνων προηγουμένων ἕψομαι, καὶ ἀκολουθήσω, καὶ ᾄσω σοι· Ὅτι ἤκουσας πάντα τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ στόματός μου. Εἶδες εὐχαριστίαν πολλήν; εἶδες προσοχὴν ἐπιτεταμένην; Οὐ καθάπερ ἔνιοι τῶν χαύνων καὶ διαλελυμένων, πρὶν ἢ μὲν λαβεῖν σφοδροί τινές εἰσι, μετὰ δὲ τὸ λαβεῖν ἀναπεπτωκότες· ἀλλ' οὗτος καὶ πρὶν ἢ λαβεῖν ἐπίκειται, καὶ μετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν μένει διηνεκῶς εὐχαριστῶν. Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ δείκνυται, ὅτι καθαρὰν καὶ ἀρίστην ἐποιεῖτο τὴν εὐχὴν, ἐκ τοῦ ἀκουσθῆναι παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Τοῦτο γὰρ μάλιστα ἀκούεσθαι ποιεῖ, ὅταν κατὰ γνώμην αὐτῷ ἡ εὐχὴ γένηται. Ὥστε καὶ τοῦ ἀκουσθῆναι ἡμεῖς κύριοι. Ὅταν γὰρ ταῦτα αἰτῶμεν, ἃ τὸν Θεὸν ἄξιον δοῦναι, ὅταν μετὰ προθυμίας, ὅταν ἀξίους ἑαυτοὺς τοῦ λαβεῖν παρέχωμεν, ἀκούει καλούμενος, καὶ τὸ αἰτούμενον πληροῖ. Προσκυνήσω πρὸς ναὸν ἅγιόν σου. Οὐ μικρὰ καὶ τοῦτο ἀρετὴ τὸ δύνασθαι ἐπιβαίνειν ναοῦ, καὶ ἐπιβαίνοντα μετὰ καθαροῦ συνειδότος προσκυνεῖν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τὸ κάμψαι γόνατα, οὐδὲ τὸ εἰσελθεῖν τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ζητούμενον, ἀλλὰ τὸ μετὰ διανοίας θερμῆς καὶ γνώμης συντεταμένης, τὸ μὴ τῷ σώματι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ γνώμῃ ἔνδον εἶναι· ὥσπερ οὐδὲ μικρὸν ἀξίωμα τὸ προσκυνεῖν τὸν ἐπὶ πάντων Θεὸν, ὡς χρὴ προσκυνεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν βασιλέων ἐν ἀξιώματος τοῦτο κεῖται μέρει, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τοῦ τῶν ὅλων Θεοῦ. Καὶ ἐξομολογήσομαι τῷ ὀνόματί σου ἐπὶ τῷ ἐλέει σου, καὶ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ σου. Τί ἐστι τοῦτο; Εὐχαριστήσω σοι, φησὶν, ὅτι πολλῆς