John Chrysostom, On John

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For you have a city whose architect and maker is God; but this sojourning is for a short and little while. Let him who wishes strike, insult, revile. We are in a strange land, and we live humbly. For the terrible thing is to suffer this in one's own country, among one's fellow citizens; then it is the greatest disgrace and loss. But if someone is where he has no acquaintance, he endures all things easily. For the insult becomes more grievous from the opinion of those who insult. For instance, if someone, knowing the prefect to be a prefect, insults him, then the insult is bitter; but if, thinking him a private citizen, he insults him, he cannot even touch the one who suffers these things. So let us also reason. For our insulters do not even know what we are, for example, that we are citizens of the heavens, and enrolled in the country above, and we are fellow dancers with the Cherubim. Therefore, let us not be pained, nor consider the insult an insult. If they knew, they would not have insulted. But do they consider us poor and of no account? Therefore let us not consider this an insult either. For tell me, if a traveler, having gotten ahead of his own children, sat down for a short time in an inn waiting for them; then the innkeeper, or one of the travelers, not knowing who he might be, should be vexed with him and revile him; will he not laugh at that man's ignorance? will not the error rather delight him? will he not take pleasure, as if someone else were being insulted? Let us do likewise. For we too are sitting in an inn, waiting for our own who are traveling this road. When we are all together, then they will know whom they are insulting. These men then will bow their heads, then they will say: This is he whom we foolish ones had in derision. 4. Let us therefore comfort ourselves with these two things: that we are not insulted (for they do not know who we are), and that, even if we should wish to take vengeance, they will later pay a most grievous penalty. But may it not be that anyone has so cruel and inhuman a soul. What then, if we are insulted by our own kind? for this is the burdensome thing. This, on the contrary, is the light thing. Why so? Because we do not bear insults from those we love in the same way as from those we do not know. At any rate, when comforting those who have been insulted, we often say these words: "The one who insulted you is a brother, bear it nobly; he is a father, he is an uncle." But if the name of brother and father shames one into yielding, much more would I say what is more genuine than these. For we are not only brothers to one another, but also members and one body. And if the name of brother shames one into yielding, much more that of member. Have you not heard the worldly proverb that says, one must have friends along with their faults? Have you not heard Paul saying, "Bear one another's burdens"? Do you not see those who are in love? For I am forced, since we do not have the example from you, to bring the discourse to that subject. And Paul also does this, saying thus: "Furthermore, we had fathers of our flesh to discipline us, and we respected them." But rather it is more opportune to say that which he says to the Romans: "Just as," he says, "you presented 59.431 your members as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness leading to more lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves to righteousness." For this reason we too boldly follow the example. Do you not see, then, those who are in love, how many terrible things they suffer, being inflamed for harlots, being slapped, beaten, laughed at, putting up with a wanton harlot, one who turns away, one who insults them in countless ways? But nevertheless if they see but one sweet and gentle thing, all is well with them, and all the former things are gone, and everything is borne with a fair wind, whether poverty, or sickness, or anything else of this kind. For they consider their own life miserable or blessed, according to how their beloved is disposed toward them. And they know neither human glory nor dishonor; but, even if someone insults them, from the great pleasure and the good fortune from her they bear all things easily; and if she reviles them, or spits in their face, they think they are being pelted with roses when they suffer these things. And what is surprising, if they are so disposed toward her? For they also consider her house to be more splendid than all others, even if it is made of clay, even if it is falling down. And why do I speak of those

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γὰρ πόλιν ἔχεις, ἧς τεχνίτης καὶ δημιουργὸς ὁ Θεός· ἡ δὲ παροίκησις αὕτη πρὸς βραχὺ γίνεται καὶ ὀλίγον. Ὁ βουλόμενος τυπτέτω, ὑβριζέτω, λοιδορείτω. Ἐν ξένῃ ἐσμὲν, καὶ εὐτελῶς ζῶμεν. Τὸ γὰρ δεινὸν, ἐπὶ τῆς πατρίδος τοῦτο παθεῖν, ἐπὶ τῶν πολιτῶν· τότε ἡ μεγίστη ἀσχημοσύνη καὶ ζημία. Ἐὰν δὲ ᾖ τις ἔνθα μηδένα γνώριμον ἔχῃ, πάντα εὐκόλως ὑφίσταται. Ἡ γὰρ ὕβρις ἀπὸ τῆς γνώμης τῶν ὑβριζόντων χαλεπωτέρα γίνεται. Οἷον, ἐάν τις εἰδὼς τὸν ὕπαρχον ὄντα ὕπαρχον ὑβρίσῃ, τότε ἡ ὕβρις πικρά· ἐὰν δὲ ἰδιώτην νομίσας ὑβρίσῃ, οὐδὲ ἅψασθαι δύναται τοῦ ταῦτα πάσχοντος. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς λογισώμεθα. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἴσασιν ὅπερ ἐσμὲν οἱ ὑβρισταὶ, οἷον ὅτι πολῖται τῶν οὐρανῶν, καὶ εἰς τὴν ἄνω ἀπογεγραμμένοι πατρίδα, καὶ τῶν Χερουβίμ ἐσμεν συγχορευταί. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀλγῶμεν, μηδὲ ὕβριν ἡγώμεθα τὴν ὕβριν. Εἰ ἐγνώριζον, οὐκ ἂν ὕβρισαν. Ἀλλὰ πτωχοὺς καὶ εὐτελεῖς νομίζουσι; Μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ ἡμεῖς ταύτην ὕβριν νομίζωμεν. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἴ τις ὁδοιπορῶν παῖδας τοὺς αὐτοῦ φθάσας, ὀλίγον διάστημα ἐν πανδοχείῳ ἐκαθέζετο περιμένων αὐτούς· εἶτα ὁ πανδοχεὺς, ἢ τῶν ὁδοιπόρων τις, ἀγνοῶν ὅστις ἂν εἴη, δυσχεράνειε πρὸς ἐκεῖνον καὶ λοιδορηθείη· ἆρα οὐ γελάσεται τὴν ἄγνοιαν ἐκείνου; οὐ τέρψει μᾶλλον αὐτὸν ἡ πλάνη; οὐκ ἐντρυφήσει, ὡς ἄλλου τινὸς ὑβριζομένου; Οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς πράττωμεν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν πανδοχείῳ καθήμεθα περιμένοντες τοὺς ἡμετέρους τοὺς ὁδεύοντας τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην. Ὅταν ὁμοῦ πάντες γενώμεθα, τότε εἴσονται τίνας ὑβρίζουσιν. Οὗτοι τότε κάτω νεύουσι, τότε ἐροῦσιν· Οὗτός ἐστιν ὃν ἔσχομεν ἡμεῖς οἱ ἄφρονες εἰς γέλωτα. δʹ. ∆ύο τοίνυν τούτοις παραμυθησώμεθα ἑαυτοὺς, ὅτι τε ἡμεῖς οὐχ ὑβριζόμεθα (οὐ γὰρ ἴσασιν οἵτινές ἐσμεν), καὶ ὅτι, κἂν βουλώμεθα δίκην λαβεῖν, δώσουσιν ὕστερον χαλεπωτάτην. Ἀλλὰ μὴ γένοιτό τινα οὕτως ὠμὴν καὶ ἀπάνθρωπον ἔχειν ψυχήν. Τί οὖν, ἂν παρὰ τῶν ὁμοφύλων ὑβριζώμεθα; τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ φορτικόν. Τοῦτο μὲν οὖν ἐστι τὸ κοῦφον. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι οὐχ ὁμοίως τοὺς ἀγαπωμένους ὑβρίζοντας φέρομεν, καὶ οὓς οὐκ ἴσμεν. Ταῦτα γοῦν, παρακαλοῦντες τοὺς ὑβρισμένους, λέγομεν τὰ ῥήματα πολλάκις· Ἀδελφός ἐστιν ὁ ὑβρικὼς, φέρε γενναίως· πατήρ ἐστι, θεῖός ἐστιν. Εἰ δὲ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ καὶ πατρὸς τὸ ὄνομα δυσωπεῖ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἂν εἴπω τούτων γνησιώτερον. Οὐ γὰρ ἀδελφοὶ μόνον ἀλλήλοις ἐσμὲν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μέλη καὶ σῶμα ἕν. Εἰ δὲ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ὄνομα δυσωπεῖ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸ τοῦ μέλους. Οὐκ ἤκουσας τῆς ἔξω παροιμίας λεγούσης, ὅτι δεῖ τοὺς φίλους μετὰ τῶν ἐλαττωμάτων ἔχειν; οὐκ ἤκουσας Παύλου λέγοντος, ὅτι Ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε; οὐχ ὁρᾷς τοὺς ἐρῶντας; Ἀναγκάζομαι γὰρ, ἐπειδὴ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τὸ παράδειγμα σχεῖν οὐκ ἔχομεν, ἐπ' ἐκείνην τὴν ὑπόθεσιν τὸν λόγον ἀγαγεῖν. Ποιεῖ δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος οὕτω λέγων· Εἶτα τοὺς μὲν τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν πατέρας εἴχομεν παιδευτὰς, καὶ ἐνετρεπόμεθα. Μᾶλλον δὲ ἐκεῖνο εὐκαιρότερον εἰπεῖν, φησὶν, ὅπερ Ῥωμαίοις· Ὥσπερ, φησὶ, παρεστήσατε 59.431 τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν δοῦλα τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ καὶ τῇ ἀνομίᾳ εἰς τὴν ἀνομίαν· οὕτω παραστήσατε τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν δοῦλα τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡμεῖς θαῤῥοῦντες ἑπόμεθα τοῦ παραδείγματος. Οὐχ ὁρᾷς τοίνυν τοὺς ἐρῶντας, πόσα οὗτοι πορνῶν γυναικῶν περικαιόμενοι πάσχουσι δεινὰ, ῥαπιζόμενοι, τυπτόμενοι, γελώμενοι, θρυπτομένης ἀνεχόμενοι πόρνης, ἀποστρεφομένης, μυρία ὑβριζούσης; Ἀλλ' ὅμως κἂν ἅπαξ ἡδύ τι καὶ ἥμερον ἴδωσιν, πάντα αὐτοῖς ἐν εὐπραγίᾳ, καὶ πάντα οἴχεται τὰ πρότερα, καὶ πάντα ἐξ οὐρίων φέρεται, κἂν πενία, κἂν νόσος, κἂν ὁτιοῦν τούτοις ἕτερον. Τὸν γὰρ βίον τὸν ἑαυτῶν τίθενται ἄθλιόν τε καὶ μακάριον, ὡς ἂν τὴν ἐρωμένην ἔχωσι πρὸς αὐτοὺς διακειμένην. Καὶ οὐ δόξαν ἴσασιν ἀνθρωπίνην, οὐκ ἀτιμίαν· ἀλλὰ, κἂν ὑβρίζῃ τις, ὑπὸ τῆς πολλῆς ἡδονῆς καὶ τῆς παρ' ἐκείνης εὐημερίας ἅπαντα φέρουσι ῥᾳδίως· ἐκείνη δὲ κἂν λοιδορήσηται, κἂν εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον πτύσῃ, ῥόδοις βάλλεσθαι νομίζουσι ταῦτα πάσχοντες. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν, εἰ περὶ αὐτὴν οὕτω διάκεινται; Καὶ γὰρ τὴν οἰκίαν τὴν ἐκείνης πασῶν εἶναι λαμπροτέραν νομίζουσι, κἂν πηλίνη ᾖ, κἂν καταπίπτουσα. Καὶ τί λέγω τοὺς