328

knowledge, and we may succeed. For it is better to know this, than to be a king and wear a diadem. For this is not its only advantage, that it does not need others, but it is also effective for various matters, both many and of all kinds. For it builds houses that remain forever in heaven, and it teaches those who have mastered it how they might escape the immortal death; and it gives you treasures that are never spent, but escape all harm, both that from robbers, and that from worms, and that from moths, and that from time. And yet if someone taught you this only for the preservation of wheat, what would you not have given, so that you could keep the grain unspent for many years? But behold, this art instructs you not only about wheat, but about all things, and shows how your possessions and your soul and your body might remain unspent. And why must I list in detail all the achievements of this art? For this teaches you how you might become like God, which is the sum of all good things. Do you see how its work is not one, but many? Not needing another art, it builds houses, weaves garments. it prepares unspent treasures, causes one to overcome death, to prevail over the devil, it makes men like God. What then could be more useful than this art? For the other arts, besides what has been said, are also destroyed with the present life, and when the artisans are sick they are nowhere to be seen, and their works do not have the strength to endure, and they require labor and much time, and countless other things; but this one, when the world passes away, then it appears most of all; when we die, then it shines forth most brightly, and shows the works that it has produced; and it requires neither time, nor 58.524 labor, nor any other such toil, but it is active even when you are sick, and when you are old, and it journeys with you to the life that is to come, and it never leaves you. This makes you more powerful than sophists and orators. For those who are esteemed in those arts have many who envy them; but those who shine in this one have countless people praying for them. And those stand at the tribunals of men, advocating for the wronged, but often also for the wrongdoers; but this one stands at the tribunal of Christ, not only advocating, but also persuading the Judge himself to advocate for the one being judged, and to cast the votes in his favor; and even if he has sinned ten thousand times, it both crowns and proclaims him. For give alms, and all things will be clean. And why do I speak of the things to come? For in the present life, if we were to ask men what they would rather have, many sophists and orators, or merciful and philanthropic men, you would hear them choosing the second; and with good reason. For if eloquence were taken away, life would be harmed in no way; for it existed for a long time even before it; but if you take away mercy, all is gone and has perished. And just as the sea cannot be sailed when harbors and anchorages are silted up, so this life cannot hold together if you take away mercy and forgiveness and philanthropy. 5. For this reason God did not entrust these things to reason alone, but sowed many parts of it even in the dominion of nature. Thus fathers have mercy on their children, thus mothers, thus children on their parents; and not only among men, but also among all the irrational animals; thus brothers have mercy on brothers, and relatives, and kinsmen; thus man on man. For we have a certain inclination to mercy even from nature. Therefore we are indignant on behalf of the wronged, and seeing men slaughtered we are moved to compassion, and seeing mourners we weep. For since God greatly desires that this be accomplished, He commanded nature to contribute much to this end, showing that this is a matter of great earnestness to Him. Therefore, considering these things, let us bring ourselves and our children and our relatives to the school of almsgiving, and let a man learn this before all things, since this too is what it is to be a man. For great is a human being; and precious is a man

328

ἐπιστήμην, καὶ κατορθώσωμεν. Καὶ γὰρ βέλτιον ταύτην εἰδέναι, ἢ βασιλέα εἶναι, καὶ διάδημα περικεῖσθαι. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ πλεονέκτημα αὐτῆς μόνον, ὅτι οὐ δεῖται ἑτέρων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ποικίλων πραγμάτων ἐστὶν ἀνυστικὴ, καὶ πολλῶν καὶ παντοδαπῶν. Καὶ γὰρ οἰκίας οἰκοδομεῖ τὰς ἀεὶ μενούσας ἐν οὐρανοῖς, καὶ διδάσκει τοὺς κατωρθωκότας αὐτὴν, πῶς ἂν τὸν ἀθάνατον θάνατον διαφύγοιεν· καὶ θησαυρούς σοι δωρεῖται μηδέποτε δαπανωμένους, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν διαφεύγοντας βλάβην, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ λῃστῶν, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ σκωλήκων, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ σητῶν, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου. Καίτοιγε εἰ ἐπὶ πυρῶν φυλακῇ τοῦτο μόνον σέ τις ἐδίδαξε, τί οὐκ ἂν ἔδωκας, ὥστε σε δυνηθῆναι ἐπὶ πολλοῖς ἔτεσιν ἀνάλωτον διατηρῆσαι τὸν σῖτον; Ἀλλ' ἰδού σε αὕτη οὐκ ἐπὶ πυροῦ μόνον, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ πάντων παιδεύει, καὶ πῶς ἂν καὶ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἀνάλωτα μένοιεν δείκνυσι. Καὶ τί δεῖ κατὰ μέρος ἅπαντα λέγειν τῆς τέχνης ταύτης τὰ κατορθώματα; Αὕτη γάρ σε διδάσκει, πῶς ἂν γένοιο Θεῷ ὅμοιος, ὃ πάντων ἐστὶ κεφάλαιον τῶν ἀγαθῶν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς οὐχ ἓν αὐτῆς τὸ ἔργον, ἀλλὰ πολλά; Οὐ δεομένη τέχνης ἑτέρας, οἰκίας οἰκοδομεῖ, ἱμάτια ὑφαίνει. θησαυροὺς ἀναλώτους κατασκευάζει, θανάτου περιγενέσθαι ποιεῖ, διαβόλου κρατεῖν, Θεῷ κατασκευάζει ὁμοίους. Τί τοίνυν τῆς τέχνης ταύτης χρησιμώτερον γένοιτ' ἄν; Αἱ μὲν γὰρ ἄλλαι, μετὰ τῶν εἰρημένων, καὶ τῷ παρόντι συγκαταλύονται βίῳ, καὶ νοσούντων τῶν τεχνιτῶν οὐδαμοῦ φαίνονται, καὶ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν διακρατεῖν οὐκ ἰσχύουσι, καὶ πόνου δέονται καὶ χρόνου πολλοῦ, καὶ μυρίων ἑτέρων· αὕτη δὲ, ὅταν ὁ κόσμος παρέλθῃ, τότε μάλιστα φαίνεται· ὅταν ἀποθάνωμεν, τότε μάλιστα διαλάμπει, καὶ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῆς τὰ γεγενημένα δείκνυσι· καὶ οὔτε χρόνου, οὔτε 58.524 πόνου, οὔτε ἄλλης τινὸς δεῖται ἐργωδίας τοιαύτης ἀλλὰ καὶ νοσοῦντός σου ἐνεργεῖ, καὶ γεγηρακότος, καὶ πρὸς τὴν μέλλουσάν σοι ζωὴν συναποδημεῖ, καὶ οὐδέποτέ σε ἀπολιμπάνει. Αὕτη σε καὶ σοφιστῶν καὶ ῥητόρων δυνατώτερον κατασκευάζει. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐν ἐκείναις εὐδοκιμοῦντες ταῖς τέχναις, πολλοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς φθονοῦντας· οἱ δὲ ἐν ταύτῃ λάμποντες, μυρίους τοὺς εὐχομένους. Κἀκεῖνοι μὲν ἀνθρώπων παρεστήκασι βήματι, συνηγοροῦντες τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἀδικοῦσιν αὕτη δὲ βήματι παρέστηκε τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οὐ μόνον συνηγοροῦσα, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν δικάζοντα πείθουσα συνηγορεῖν τῷ κρινομένῳ, καὶ τὰς ψήφους ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ φέρειν· κἂν μυρία ἡμαρτηκὼς ᾖ, καὶ στεφανοῖ καὶ ἀνακηρύττει. ∆ότε γὰρ ἐλεημοσύνην, καὶ πάντα ἔσται καθαρά. Καὶ τί λέγω τὰ μέλλοντα; Ἐν γὰρ τῷ παρόντι βίῳ εἰ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐροίμεθα, τί βούλονται μᾶλλον, σοφιστὰς εἶναι πολλοὺς καὶ ῥήτορας, ἢ ἐλεήμονας καὶ φιλανθρώπους, ἀκούσῃ τὸ δεύτερον αἱρουμένους· καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Εὐγλωττίας μὲν γὰρ ἀναιρεθείσης, οὐδὲν ὁ βίος βλαβήσεται· καὶ γὰρ καὶ πρὸ ταύτης συνειστήκει χρόνον πολύν· ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἐλεεῖν περιέλῃς, πάντα οἴχεται καὶ ἀπόλωλε. Καὶ καθάπερ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἔνι πλεῖσθαι, λιμένων καὶ ὅρμων προσκεχωσμένων, οὕτως οὐδὲ τὸν βίον συνεστηκέναι τοῦτον, ἂν ἔλεον καὶ συγγνώμην καὶ φιλανθρωπίαν ἀνέλῃς εʹ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ λογισμῷ μόνον αὐτὰ ἐπέτρεψεν ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλὰ πολλὰ μέρη αὐτοῦ καὶ τῇ τῆς φύσεως ἐνέσπειρε τυραννίδι. Οὕτω καὶ πατέρες παῖδας ἐλεοῦσιν, οὕτω μητέρες, οὕτω τέκνα γονεῖς· οὐκ ἐπ' ἀνθρώπων δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀλόγων ἁπάντων· οὕτως ἀδελφοὺς ἀδελφοὶ, καὶ συγγενεῖς, καὶ προσήκοντες· οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπον. Ἔχομεν γάρ τι καὶ ἀπὸ φύσεως πρὸς ἔλεον ἐπιῤῥεπές. ∆ιὸ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀδικουμένων ἀγανακτοῦμεν, καὶ σφαττομένους ὁρῶντες ἐπικαμπτόμεθα, καὶ πενθοῦντας βλέποντες δακρύομεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ σφόδρα αὐτὸ κατορθοῦσθαι βούλεται ὁ Θεὸς, ἐκέλευσε τῇ φύσει πολλὰ εἰς τοῦτο συνεισενεγκεῖν, δεικνὺς ὅτι σφόδρα αὐτῷ τοῦτό ἐστι περισπούδαστον. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἐννοοῦντες, καὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς καὶ τὰ παιδία καὶ τοὺς προσήκοντας εἰς τὸ τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης ἀγάγωμεν διδασκαλεῖον, καὶ τοῦτο πρὸ πάντων ἄνθρωπος μανθανέτω, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τοῦτο ἄνθρωπος. Μέγα γὰρ ἄνθρωπος· καὶ τίμιον ἀνὴρ