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baskets did you take up? Nor the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many large baskets did you take up? Do you see the intense indignation? For nowhere else does he appear to have rebuked them so. For what reason, then, does he do this? So that he might again cast out the prejudice concerning foods. For because of this, at that time he only said, Do you not perceive, nor understand; but here, also with much rebuking, O you of little faith, he says. For gentleness is not always a good thing. For just as he imparted boldness to them, so also he rebukes, managing their salvation by this variety. But see both the great rebuke and the forbearance. For almost as if apologizing to them for having rebuked them severely, he says: Do you not yet perceive the five loaves, and how many baskets you took up? And the seven loaves, and how many large baskets you took up? For this reason he also states the number both of those who were fed and of the leftovers, at once leading them to a remembrance of the past, and making them more attentive for the future. And that you may learn how powerful the rebuke was, and how it stirred up their sleeping mind, hear what the evangelist says. For when Jesus had said nothing more, but had rebuked them, and added only this, How is it that you do not understand that I did not speak to you concerning bread to beware, but of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees? he added, saying: Then they understood that he did not say 58.530 to beware of the leaven of bread, but of the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees; even though he himself had not explained this. See how many good things the rebuke accomplished. For it both drew them away from the Jewish observances, and made them, being sluggish, more attentive, and delivered them from [ambition and] little faith, so as not to fear, nor to tremble, if ever they appeared to have few loaves, nor to be anxious about famine, but to despise all these things. Therefore, let us not either flatter our subordinates everywhere, nor seek to be flattered by our rulers. For the soul of man needs both of these remedies. For this reason God also manages all things throughout the world in this way, at one time doing this, at another time that, and He allows neither the good things to be permanent, nor the painful things to be by themselves. For just as there is sometimes night, sometimes day, and sometimes summer, sometimes winter; so also in us, sometimes there is sorrow, sometimes pleasure; sometimes sickness, sometimes health. Let us not then be surprised when we are sick, since we ought to be surprised even when we are well. Nor let us be troubled when we are in pain, since it is likely to be troubled even when we rejoice. For all things happen according to nature and in sequence. 4. And why are you surprised if these things happen to you? For one might see this happening even to those saints. And that you may learn this, let us bring forward the life you think is most full of pleasure and free from troubles. Do you want us to examine the life of Abraham from the beginning? What then did he hear immediately? Go out from your country and from your kindred. Do you see a painful thing being commanded? But see also the good thing that followed: And come into the land that I will show you, and I will make of you a great nation. What then? When he came into the land, and reached the harbor, did the painful things cease? Not at all; but again other things more grievous than the former succeed, famine and a move and the seizure of his wife; and after these things other good things awaited him, the plague against Pharaoh, and his release, and the honor, and those many gifts, and the return to his home. And all the subsequent events have such a sequence, being woven from good and painful things. And such things also happened to the apostles. Wherefore Paul also said: Who comforts us in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble. What then, he says, to me, who am always in sorrow? Be not unmindful, nor ungrateful; for it is impossible for anyone to be in painful things perpetually; for nature is not sufficient; but because we wish to be always in joy, for this reason we think we are always in sorrow. Not for this reason only, but also because we immediately forget the good and pleasant things, but of the

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κοφίνους ἐλάβετε; οὐδὲ τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσας σπυρίδας ἐλάβετε; Εἶδες ἀγανάκτησιν ἐπιτεταμένην; Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀλλαχοῦ φαίνεται οὕτως αὐτοῖς ἐπιτιμήσας. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν τοῦτο ποιεῖ; Ὥστε πάλιν τὴν περὶ τῶν βρωμάτων πρόληψιν ἐκβαλεῖν. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο τότε μὲν, Οὐ νοεῖτε, μόνον εἶπεν, οὐδὲ συνίετε· ἐνταῦθα δὲ, καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἐπιπλήξεως, Ὀλιγόπιστοι, φησίν. Οὐ γὰρ πανταχοῦ ἡ προσήνεια καλόν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ μετεδίδου παῤῥησίας αὐτοῖς, οὕτω καὶ ἐπιτιμᾷ, τῇ ποικιλίᾳ ταύτῃ τὴν σωτηρίαν αὐτῶν οἰκονομῶν. Ὅρα δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐπιτίμησιν πολλὴν, καὶ τὴν ἐπιείκειαν. Μόνον οὐχὶ γὰρ ἀπολογούμενος αὐτοῖς ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς σφοδρῶς, φησίν· Οὔπω νοεῖτε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους, καὶ πόσους κοφίνους ἐλάβετε; καὶ τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους, καὶ πόσας σπυρίδας ἐλάβετε; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο δὲ καὶ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τίθησι καὶ τῶν τραφέντων καὶ τῶν λειψάνων, ὁμοῦ τε εἰς ἀνάμνησιν αὐτοὺς ἄγων τῶν παρελθόντων, καὶ πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα προσεκτικωτέρους ποιῶν. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅσον ἴσχυσεν ἡ ἐπιτίμησις, καὶ πῶς διήγειρε καθεύδουσαν αὐτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν, ἄκουσον τί φησιν ὁ εὐαγγελιστής. Οὐδὲν γὰρ πλέον εἰπόντος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐπιτιμήσαντος, καὶ τοῦτο προσθέντος μόνον, Πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε, ὅτι οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν προσέχειν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων; ἐπήγαγε λέγων· Τότε συνῆκαν, ὅτι οὐκ εἶπε 58.530 προσέχειν ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τοῦ ἄρτου, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς διδασκαλίας τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων· καίτοι αὐτοῦ τοῦτο μὴ ἑρμηνεύσαντος. Ὅρα πόσα ἀγαθὰ ἡ ἐπιτίμησις εἰργάσατο. Καὶ γὰρ τῶν Ἰουδαϊκῶν αὐτοὺς ἀπήγαγε παρατηρήσεων, καὶ ῥᾳθύμους ὄντας προσεκτικωτέρους ἐποίησε, καὶ τῆς [φιλοτιμίας καὶ] ὀλιγοπιστίας ἀπήλλαξεν, ὥστε μὴ δεδοικέναι, μηδὲ τρέμειν, εἴ ποτε ἄρτους φαίνοιντο ὀλίγους ἔχοντες, μηδὲ ὑπὲρ λιμοῦ φροντίζειν, ἀλλ' ὑπερορᾷν τούτων πάντων. Μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ ἡμεῖς πανταχοῦ κολακεύωμεν τοὺς ὑποκειμένους. μηδὲ κολακεύεσθαι παρὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων ζητῶμεν. Καὶ γὰρ ἀμφοτέρων δεῖται ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ψυχὴ τῶν φαρμάκων τούτων. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν ὁ Θεὸς οὕτω διοικεῖ, ποτὲ μὲν τοῦτο, ποτὲ δὲ ἐκεῖνο ποιῶν, καὶ οὔτε τὰ χρηστὰ μόνιμα, οὔτε τὰ λυπηρὰ καθ' ἑαυτὰ ἀφίησιν εἶναι. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ποτὲ μὲν νὺξ, ποτὲ δὲ ἡμέρα, καὶ ποτὲ μὲν θέρος, ποτὲ δὲ χειμών· οὕτω καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν, ποτὲ μὲν λύπη, ποτὲ δὲ ἡδονή· ποτὲ μὲν νόσος, ποτὲ δὲ ὑγεία. Μὴ τοίνυν θαυμάζωμεν ὅταν νοσῶμεν, ἐπεὶ καὶ ὅταν ὑγιαίνωμεν θαυμάζειν δεῖ. Μηδὲ θορυβώμεθα ὅταν ἀλγῶμεν, ἐπεὶ καὶ ὅταν χαίρωμεν θορυβεῖσθαι εἰκός. Κατὰ φύσιν γὰρ πάντα γίνεται καὶ κατὰ ἀκολουθίαν. δʹ. Καὶ τί θαυμάζεις εἰ ἐπὶ σοῦ ταῦτα; καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων ἐκείνων συμβαῖνον τοῦτο ἴδοι τις ἄν. Καὶ ἵνα τοῦτο μάθῃς, ὃν νομίζεις μάλιστα βίον ἡδονῆς γέμειν καὶ ἀπηλλάχθαι πραγμάτων, τοῦτον εἰς μέσον ἀγάγωμεν. Βούλει τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ τὴν ζωὴν ἐξετάσωμεν ἐκ προοιμίων· Τί οὖν οὗτος εὐθέως ἤκουσεν; Ἔξελθε ἐκ τῆς γῆς σου καὶ ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας σου. Εἶδες πρᾶγμα λυπηρὸν ἐπιταττόμενον; Ἀλλ' ὅρα καὶ τὸ χρηστὸν διαδεχόμενον· Καὶ δεῦρο εἰς γῆν ἣν ἄν σοι δείξω, καὶ ποιήσω σε εἰς ἔθνος μέγα. Τί οὖν; ἐπειδὴ ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ τοῦ λιμένος ἐπελάβετο, ἔστη τὰ λυπηρά; Οὐδαμῶς· ἀλλὰ πάλιν ἕτερα χαλεπώτερα τῶν προτέρων διαδέχεται, λιμὸς καὶ μετάβασις καὶ γυναικὸς ἁρπαγή· καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα χρηστὰ ἕτερα αὐτὸν ἐξεδέχετο, ἡ κατὰ τοῦ Φαραὼ πληγὴ, καὶ ἡ ἄφεσις, καὶ ἡ τιμὴ, καὶ τὰ πολλὰ δῶρα ἐκεῖνα, καὶ ἡ πρὸς τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπάνοδος. Καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς δὲ ἅπαντα τοιαύτην ἔχει τὴν σειρὰν, ἀπὸ χρηστῶν καὶ λυπηρῶν πλεκομένην. Καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων δὲ τοιαῦτα συνέβαινε. ∆ιὸ καὶ Παῦλος ἔλεγεν· Ὁ παρακαλῶν ἡμᾶς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει, εἰς τὸ δύνασθαι ἡμᾶς παρακαλεῖν τοὺς ἐν πάσῃ θλίψει. Τί οὖν πρὸς ἐμὲ, φησὶ, τὸν ἀεὶ ἐν λύπαις ὄντα; Μὴ ἀγνώμων, μηδὲ ἀχάριστος· καὶ γὰρ ἀμήχανόν τινα ἐν λυπηροῖς εἶναι διηνεκῶς· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀρκεῖ ἡ φύσις· ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἐν χαρᾷ βουλόμεθα εἶναι ἀεὶ, διὰ τοῦτο ἐν λύπαις νομίζομεν εἶναι ἀεί. Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τῶν μὲν χρηστῶν καὶ ἀγαθῶν εὐθέως ἐπιλανθανόμεθα, τῶν δὲ