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be troubled when you are about to hear that ‘I will be betrayed and crucified.’ Then He speaks of another honor: ‘And I also will give you the keys of the heavens.’ What does this mean, ‘And I also will give you’? ‘Just as the Father gave you the knowledge of me, so also I will give you.’ And He did not say, ‘I will ask the Father;’ and yet the indication of His authority was great, and the magnitude of the gift unspeakable; but, ‘I will give you.’ What do you give? tell me. ‘The keys of the heavens; so that whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.’ How then is it not His to give to sit on His right hand and on His left, when He says, ‘I will give you’? Do you see how He Himself leads Peter up to a high conception of Him, and reveals Himself, and shows that He is the Son of God by means of these two promises? For what belongs to God alone, namely to forgive sins, and to make the Church immovable in such an assault of waves, and to show a man, a fisherman, to be more solid than any rock, while the whole world is at war with him, these things He promises that He will give; just as the Father speaking to Jeremiah said that He would make him ‘like a bronze pillar and like a wall;’ but him for one nation, this one for the whole world. I would gladly then ask those who wish to diminish the dignity of the Son: Which are the greater gifts, those which the Father gave to Peter, or those which the Son gave? For the Father bestowed on Peter the revelation of the Son; but the Son scattered that of the Father and of Himself throughout the whole world, 58.535 and entrusted to a mortal man authority over all things in heaven, giving him the keys; who extended the Church throughout the world, and showed it to be stronger than heaven. ‘For heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.’ How then is He less, who gave such things, who accomplished such things? And I say these things, not dividing the works of the Father and the Son; ‘For all things were made through him, and without him was not anything made;’ but to shut the shameless mouth of those who dare such things. 3. See then through all things His authority. ‘I say to you, you are Peter; I will build my Church; I will give you the keys of the heavens.’ And then, having said these things, ‘He commanded them that they should tell no one that he was the Christ.’ And for what reason did He command this? So that when those who were scandalized were out of the way, and the cross was accomplished, and the other things He suffered were completed, and there was nothing left to interrupt and trouble the faith of the many in Him, the fitting opinion concerning Him might be impressed pure and unshaken on the minds of those who heard. For His power had not yet clearly shone forth. For this reason, then, He wished to be proclaimed by them when the clear truth of the facts and the power of the events would support what was said by the apostles. For it was not the same thing to see Him now working miracles in Palestine, and now being insulted, driven out; (and especially when the cross was about to follow the miracles that were being performed;) and to see Him being worshipped and believed in throughout the whole world, and no longer suffering such things as He suffered. For this reason He says to tell no one. For that which, once rooted, is then torn up, would with difficulty, when planted again, be retained by the many; but that which, after being once fixed, remains unshaken and is in no way assailed, easily springs up and yields a greater increase. For if those who had enjoyed many signs, and partaken of so many ineffable mysteries, were scandalized by hearing alone; or rather, not they alone, but even Peter, the chief of all; consider what the multitude would have likely suffered, having learned that He is the Son of God, yet seeing Him crucified and spit upon, and not knowing the secret of these mysteries, nor having enjoyed the Holy Spirit. For if He said to the disciples, ‘I have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now;’ much more would the rest of the people have fallen away, if before the proper time

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θορυβηθῇς, ἐπειδὰν μέλλῃς ἀκούειν, ὅτι Παραδοθήσομαι καὶ σταυρωθήσομαι. Εἶτα καὶ ἑτέραν λέγει τιμήν· Καὶ ἐγὼ δέ σοι δώσω τὰς κλεῖς τῶν οὐρανῶν. Τί δέ ἐστι, Καὶ ἐγὼ δέ σοι δώσω; Ὥσπερ ὁ Πατήρ σοι ἔδωκε τὸ ἐμὲ γνῶναι, οὕτω καὶ ἐγώ σοι δώσω. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Παρακαλέσω τὸν Πατέρα· καίτοι πολλὴ ἦν τῆς ἐξουσίας ἡ ἔνδειξις, καὶ τοῦ δώρου τὸ μέγεθος ἄφατον· ἀλλ' Ἐγώ σοι δώσω. Τί δίδως; εἰπέ μοι. Τὰς κλεῖς τῶν οὐρανῶν· ἵνα ὅσα ἂν δήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένα ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· καὶ ὅσα ἂν λύσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένα ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῦ δοῦναι τὸ καθίσαι ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων, τοῦ λέγοντος, Ἐγώ σοι δώσω; Εἶδες πῶς καὶ αὐτὸς ἀνάγει τὸν Πέτρον εἰς ὑψηλὴν τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ ἔννοιαν, καὶ ἑαυτὸν ἀποκαλύπτει, καὶ δείκνυσιν Υἱὸν ὄντα τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τῶν ὑποσχέσεων τῶν δύο τούτων; Ἃ γὰρ Θεοῦ μόνου ἐστὶν ἴδια, τό τε ἁμαρτήματα λῦσαι, καὶ τὸ ἀπερίτρεπτον τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν ποιῆσαι ἐν τοσαύτῃ κυμάτων ἐμβολῇ, καὶ ἄνθρωπον ἁλιέα πέτρας πάσης ἀποφῆναι στεῤῥότερον, τῆς οἰκουμένης πολεμούσης ἁπάσης, ταῦτα αὐτὸς ἐπαγγέλλεται δώσειν· καθάπερ ὁ Πατὴρ πρὸς τὸν Ἱερεμίαν διαλεγόμενος ἔλεγεν· Ὡς στῦλον χαλκοῦν καὶ ὡσεὶ τεῖχος θήσειν αὐτόν· ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνον μὲν ἑνὶ ἔθνει, τοῦτον δὲ πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης. Ἡδέως ἂν οὖν ἐροίμην τοὺς ἐλαττοῦν βουλομένους τοῦ Υἱοῦ τὴν ἀξίαν· Ποῖα μείζονα δῶρα, ἅπερ ἔδωκεν ὁ Πατὴρ τῷ Πέτρῳ, ἢ ἅπερ ἔδωκεν ὁ Υἱός; Ὁ μὲν γὰρ τῷ Πέτρῳ τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐχαρίσατο· ὁ δὲ Υἱὸς τὴν τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης σπεῖ 58.535 ραι, καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ θνητῷ τῶν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ πάντων τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἐνεχείρισε, τὰς κλεῖς αὐτῷ δοὺς, ὃς τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐξέτεινε, καὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἰσχυροτέραν ἀπέφηνεν. Ὁ οὐρανὸς γὰρ καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσεται· οἱ δὲ λόγοι μου οὐ μὴ παρέλθωσι. Πῶς οὖν ἐλάττων ὁ τοιαῦτα δοὺς, ὁ τοιαῦτα κατωρθωκώς; Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐ διαιρῶν Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ τὰ ἔργα· Πάντα γὰρ δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν· ἀλλ' ἐπιστομίζων τὴν ἀναίσχυντον γλῶτταν τῶν τοιαῦτα τολμώντων. γʹ. Ὅρα δὲ διὰ πάντων αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐξουσίαν. Ἐγώ σοι λέγω, σὺ εἶ Πέτρος· ἐγὼ οἰκοδομήσω τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν· ἐγώ σοι δώσω τὰς κλεῖς τῶν οὐρανῶν. Καὶ τότε, ταῦτα εἰπὼν, ∆ιεστείλατο αὐτοῖς, ἵνα μηδενὶ εἴπωσιν ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν διεστείλατο; Ὥστε τῶν σκανδαλιζόντων ἐκ μέσου γενομένων, καὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τελεσθέντος, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὧν ἔπαθεν ἀπαρτισθέντων, καὶ μηδενὸς ὄντος λοιπὸν τοῦ διακόπτοντος καὶ θολοῦντος τὴν εἰς αὐτὸν τῶν πολλῶν πίστιν, καθαρὰν καὶ ἀκίνητον ἐντυπωθῆναι τῶν ἀκουόντων τῇ διανοίᾳ τὴν προσήκουσαν περὶ αὐτοῦ δόξαν. Καὶ γὰρ οὔπω σαφῶς ἦν ἐκλάμψασα αὐτοῦ ἡ δύναμις. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο τότε ἐβούλετο ἀνακηρύττεσθαι παρ' αὐτῶν, ὅτε καὶ ἡ σαφὴς τῶν πραγμάτων ἀλήθεια, καὶ ἡ τῶν γινομένων ἰσχὺς συνηγόρει τοῖς παρὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων λεγομένοις. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἴσον ἦν ὁρᾷν νῦν μὲν ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ θαυματουργοῦντα, νῦν δὲ ὑβριζόμενον, ἐλαυνόμενον· (καὶ μάλιστα ὁπότε καὶ ὁ σταυρὸς ἔμελλε διαδέχεσθαι τὰ θαύματα τὰ γινόμενα·) καὶ πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης προσκυνούμενον βλέπειν καὶ πιστευόμενον, καὶ μηδὲν τοιοῦτον πάσχοντα λοιπὸν, οἷον ἔπαθε. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησι μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ῥιζωθὲν ἅπαξ, εἶτα ἀνασπασθὲν, δυσκόλως ἂν φυτευθὲν κατασχεθείη πάλιν παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς· τὸ δὲ μετὰ τὸ παγῆναι ἅπαξ μεῖναν ἀκίνητον, καὶ μηδαμόθεν ἐπηρεασθὲν, ῥᾳδίως ἄνεισι, καὶ πρὸς αὔξησιν ἐπιδίδωσι μείζονα. Εἰ γὰρ οἱ σημείων ἀπολελαυκότες πολλῶν, καὶ τοσούτων μετασχόντες μυστηρίων ἀποῤῥήτων, ὑπὸ τῆς ἀκοῆς μόνης ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ αὐτοὶ μόνοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ πάντων κορυφαῖος Πέτρος· ἐννόησον τί τοὺς πολλοὺς ἦν εἰκὸς παθεῖν, μαθόντας μὲν ὅτι Υἱὸς Θεοῦ ἐστιν, ὁρῶντας δὲ καὶ σταυρούμενον καὶ ἐμπτυόμενον, καὶ τῶν μυστηρίων τούτων τὸ ἀπόῤῥητον οὐκ εἰδότας, οὐδὲ Πνεύματος ἀπολελαυκότας ἁγίου. Εἰ γὰρ τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἔλεγε· Πολλὰ ἔχω λέγειν ὑμῖν, ἀλλ' οὐ δύνασθε βαστάζειν ἄρτι· πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ λοιπὸς δῆμος κατέπεσεν ἂν, εἰ πρὸ καιροῦ