De virtutibus et vitiis

 conduct. The long age held the words like flowers scattered everywhere on earth, Blooming, but not sending forth a fragrant grace. But now to these we

 But at any rate he was bold through despair, being insolent and greedy. But Adam, the first man born from the earth, with Abel having been slain, and

 from God he received the land of Canaan. And having settled there he built an altar and offered a sacrifice to God. But Berossus speaks about him thus

 When a battle occurred, the Assyrians, having conquered, impose tribute on the kings of the Sodomites. For twelve years, therefore, they endured, bein

 When he advised them to be sober-minded and not to proceed to the shame of the strangers, but to have respect for the lodging with him, and said that

 of which he has been my kind helper and ally, now to obtain. since, having been born, you would not die in the common manner of life, but offered up b

 the vision foretelling a magnitude of events, and that authority over them would come to pass, they explained none of these things to Joseph, since th

 to bear a grudge against those who are so dear for what they seemed to have done wrong but they are destroying Joseph, who has not even been wicked t

 Potiphar, an Egyptian man, chief of the cooks of Pharaoh the king, having bought him from the merchants, held him in all honor and educated him in the

 rather, remaining pure, she would use a mistress's authority towards him, and not the shame of one sinning together with him. It is much better to be

 he having longed for his service and would again return to it.* For it signified that God provides the fruit of the vine for the good of men, which is

 you have been testified to by my servant) of the same good things which you have imparted to him, 1.24 deem me also worthy, by telling me what the vis

 Joseph deeming his kinship worthy to receive assistance from those enjoying prosperity. And Jacob also sends, since Canaan was terribly worn out (for

 he strongly insisted. And they said these things to one another, not thinking that Joseph understood their language but dejection held them all at Re

 and when he inquired about their father, they said that they had left him in good health. And he, learning that Benjamin was present, asked if this wa

 Joseph and the brothers following and he, seeing one in prison and the others in mourning attire, says, What on earth, you villains, were you thinki

 handed over an evil deed for punishment who himself was neither wicked nor begat such as would be, but being good and not deserving to experience suc

 since the foolishness has come to such an end, or to be distressed, being ashamed for what you did wrong. Do not, therefore, let it seem grievous to y

 not however in the same manner as his father being overcome by the passion. Then having gently ordered him to proceed, he himself, taking five of his

 of those who were being born, and of their being about to be destroyed, made their calamity harsh and inconsolable. And they were indeed in this troub

 will go forward to see the basket. And there God showed that human understanding is nothing, but whatever He might wish to do proves to be an absolute

 paying this penalty. However, he promised to deliver the land to your children, and to make them masters of the good things which you, through intemp

 not in violating the laws but in not yielding to desires. In addition to these things, he said it was not reasonable that they, having behaved with se

 their life lacked nothing of tyranny. Their father, therefore, was grieved by these things, expecting that punishment from God would come upon them at

 of transgression God prophesied that his descendants would be destroyed. 1.48 For Saul the king, having perpetrated so cruel a deed and having slaught

 and of the flocks we have become, spending a long time now in the desert but he provided nothing to David with a change of mind. And when those who h

 The Philistines were already present and had encamped very near the city of Shunem, which lies in the plain, he set out against them with his force. a

 to urge them to dangers and to death for their countries, and to teach them to despise all terrible things. I have as a reason for this argument Saul,

 having withdrawn to a certain place of a righteous man, Obed-edom by name, a Levite by race, he places the ark with him. And it remains there for thre

 a Jebusite, but one of David's greatest friends, and for this reason he did him no harm when he conquered the city. And when Ornan asked why the maste

 elaborately trained in wisdom and admirable in other respects, hearing of Solomon's virtue and prudence, a desire to see him and of the daily things s

 to live as was their custom but as his age advanced and his reason through time grew too weak to hold fast to the memory of his native customs, he ne

 he told how his own hand had become numb, calling him truly divine and an excellent prophet, he began to undo this opinion of his by acting maliciousl

 to see the dead man) but a necessary one because of her husband. And arriving, she found him expired, and reported everything to the king. But Jeroboa

 On the change of the king and the others, he sends the prophets to both protest the things being done and to make them cease from their wickedness. Bu

 of the city as accursed. But he, from shame of the terrible thing that had happened and because he no longer had freedom of speech, did what was comma

 commanding to abandon the other impieties and transgressions, and to take thought for what is just, and neither to pay attention to the rulers (for th

 to die, and that among these he himself also was in danger with his kinsmen, he approached Arioch, who was entrusted with the command of the king's bo

 to worship the statue and he threatened death for those who did not. When all, therefore, had worshipped, Daniel's kinsmen did not do this and were t

 searching for those who were cohabiting with foreign women, they found, having made the search until the new moon of the following month, many both fr

 he was able to make subject (for many through reverence were scattered to the surrounding nations) and since their children were not circumcised, he

 and he rejoiced greatly. But the chief men of the Jews were in fear, seeing Herod to be violent and daring and greedy for tyranny and approaching Hyr

 Antony, not even if someone were to set what was advantageous for him very clearly before his eyes for his love would be inflamed all the more by the

 a dinner and with a preparation of that which leads to pleasure, so that not only could none of the others, but not even Gaius himself, should he ever

 in this region), whom a wife also followed, who in other respects as well was pre-eminent among all for being praised and gaining a greater influence

 to seem, being overcome by the multitude of praises. and all things which the law, having judged them shameful, condemns* with a penalty, he considere

 relentless towards pity, but insatiable for all gain, to whom indeed 1.91 the greatest things did not differ from the smallest, but he even went into

 the brother, having heard that he had prepared for himself the finest arms and military equipment in Galilee, was prevented by his illness from inspec

 and of Damascus. And † these things, Herod appeased her hostility with great 1.95 gifts, and he leased the regions torn away from his kingdom for thre

 Sent as a public executioner for the punishment of the condemned, he omitted no form of robbery or outrage. He was most cruel in matters of pity, and

 And some shouted out the most shameful insults against Florus, and carrying around a basket, they begged him for small coins, as if he were a destitut

 that their* houses were not undermanned for defense, but that the people also would soon rise up, moved by the lawlessness. Deciding therefore to kill

 to be brought forward), while many, considering it for their own safety*, thought that the responsibility for the daring deeds already committed shoul

 They contrived unlawful pleasures in an excess of debauchery and they wallowed* in the city as in a brothel and defiled the whole of it with impure d

 They attacked from both sides, John turned back his companions, and those coming up from the city he pelted from the porticoes, while he defended hims

 some of the soldiers do such things for the sake of uncertain gain, not even respecting their own weapons made of silver and gold but as for the Arab

 said of them. But they made it clear through their deeds for some shared in their apostasy and joined the war against the Romans, but the outrages fr

 a deliverance, but to Catullus it gave a pretext for injustices. For he falsely alleged that the wealthiest of the Jews had been his instructors in th

 and plans, he thought it necessary to instill this belief in the multitudes before all else for those who believe that God watches over their lives w

 it contains praise, if indeed reason appears to prevail over the passions that hinder temperance, both gluttony and desire. But it is also shown to ru

 For by this the temperate Joseph is praised, because by reason he controlled his sensual pleasure for though young and in his prime for sexual interc

 Revering the king's desire, they armed themselves in full armor and taking a pitcher, they crossed the enemies' palisades, and eluding the outer guard

 having spent three years with him and having fulfilled my desire, I returned to the city. Being in my nineteenth year I began to live in accordance wi

 I learned delightful things with loves, but all the many and blessed things are left behind. For now I am ashes, having been king of great Nineveh.2

 Dionysius, as it seems, solemnizing the holy order of monks, speaks thus: The order of monks, higher than all the initiated, is a holy 1.126 disposit

 the female of desire and intercourse. But the rest of the commandments, legislated for all equally, are not without danger for those who transgress th

 a distributor of prizes and of the true life and philosophy to those who have failed. For philosophy is the right ordering of character with a true op

 which are even greater and higher than these, the wealth in poverty, the stability in sojourning, the glory in dishonor, the power in weakness, the be

 shaping the soul not only molds the characters of the divine laws, but also it becomes truly a living and rational image of the lawgiver. and from thi

 evidently having dared to kindle so great a fire in himself. And Diogenes, seeing a youth adorned more wantonly than befits a man, said, If for men,

 attending, reaped the greatest benefit for he was considered great even among them, teaching geometry and arithmetic and the other preliminary studie

 to be said, and that the human soul pre-existed, and the rest of his blasphemies. For he has made a great composition for each scripture, and as many

 of the Persians flayed him alive, as having been the cause of his son's death. For when the king's child was sick and enjoying much medical attention,

 misused it with evil intent, following his own predecessors, Paul and Theodore for he was the son of the Cilician, but a descendant of the Samosatene

 the Word of God the Father into the nature of bones and sinews and flesh.2 13. That in the time of Diocletian and Maximian his son-in-law a most frig

 the fathers, knowing the simple and unlearned nature of the man, were hindering him, lest they be laughed at by the wicked. But when he would not endu

 he shamelessly armed himself against the church. And first he defiled the springs within the city and those outside with abominable sacrifices, so tha

 perfect and blameless in piety, he governed the state well with the ancient authority of the Roman empire. 30. That Valentinian, through his mother Ju

 rejoicing and being devoted to invocations of demons and other wicked practices, he became an exceptional and very suitable instrument of his father a

 solar initiation of the Dionysian revelries and from there she was called a bacchant. And her father's brother, Lycus by name, king of Argos, had a co

 Euripides wrote. 4. That Minos was king of Crete. who had a wife Pasiphae, with whom Taurus her notary had intercourse. and she gave birth to the Mino

 of a widow woman named Beronice, having plotted against her, as he was in power and she went to Valentinian. As soon as he became emperor, he went ag

 with his crocus-colored garment. And taking him, the emperor Anastasius says to him you are not adorning me2 and exiled him to Petra, and there he d

 as wanting to commit adultery with her. And Proetus, being angered, sent him to Iobates, the father of Stheneboea, so that he might kill him. For Proe

 another has ever been, both disdainful and arrogant whence he also received this surname. For the Romans called the arrogant *superbus*. 11. (41). Th

 appointed Cornelius Sulla the consul as commander of this war. And when he was spending time in Campania with an army, putting down the war stirred up

 destroyed. While these things were being done in the city, Sulla, wishing to make the mob desist from civil disturbance, cleverly contrived certain re

 Menas the pirate, who was in his prime, performing the most valuable services for Pompey, approached him quietly at that time and said, Do you want m

 And to such an emperor were the Romans handed over, that the deeds of Tiberius, although seeming to have been most harsh, so much *** the deeds of Gai

 to cohabit with several men, there, having been denounced to Claudius by a certain Narcissus, a freedman of the emperor, she is killed, having been ca

 he destroyed with poison, so that it was terrible not only to be seen, but also to be heard of for he became entirely livid, and his eyes were open a

 to be addressed of the family. For he was most eloquent and most warlike and most moderate, and while he used the native language of the Latins for th

 having undertaken a life, he was never seen to change his expression either through fear or through pleasure. And he praised the philosophers of the S

 And when he also arrived in Macedonia, he immediately named himself Alexander and from there he came to Pergamum and to the tomb of Achilles and hav

 to the greatest offices, and indeed over the armies he set as prefect a certain man who had been a dancer and over the corps of knights he placed a c

 harsh and unapproachable at times, so that he did not even remain pure of his own family's blood for he made away with his son's wife, who was blamel

 having shared these things and not abusing his advantages, he left behind the greatest memorials of both justice and strength among the barbarian nati

 a manner befitting such a king. At any rate, there were some who cast blame on the man's reputation by their own shortcomings, taking many things belo

 having condemned the cruelty of the divine Valens towards the Christians, he swiftly recalled those exiled by him, both restoring their property and r

 the power of the kingdom, which Pulcheria took up when her brother died. 73. (215). That the emperor Anastasius, having turned for the worse, displace

 of a woman for he freely engaged* in sexual relations of both kinds, caring not at all for the shame of the act. He advanced to such a degree of luxu

 and to have inflicted inexorable punishment on the other evil-doers. and to have conquered a great deal of land, with everyone willingly surrendering

 by gradually abolishing these, each one of the laws, and inclining towards luxury and indolence, and furthermore having been corrupted to use coinage

 as the rivalry became more violent, the boy unnoticed gave up his life in the hands of those holding on to him, so that those who considered the stran

 (9, 1, 1). His father was Exekestides, his family from Salamis in Attica, and in wisdom and learning he surpassed all his contemporaries. Being by nat

 of affairs because his virtue appeared beyond his years. 54. (9, 23). That Astyages, the king of the Medes, having been defeated and having fled shame

 That whenever some of their associates fell from their property, they would divide their own possessions as if to brothers. And not only toward their

 and in reputation first among the citizens, desired to become a Pythagorean. But being harsh and violent in character, and moreover both a fomenter of

 lord, so also they were of the body.2 And when the tyrant greatly intensified the tortures, Zeno for a time persevered but after this, eager to be r

 to live honorably or disgracefully. And one could not disbelieve that the consternation of the Persians occurred. For which of the barbarians would ha

 And he gave him three cities as a gift. 91. (11, 66, 1). That Hieron, the king of the Syracusans, after summoning the sons of Anaxilas, the former tyr

 (13, 35, 4). That Diocles became a lawgiver among the Syracusans and there being a great revision of his legislation, the man appears to be a hater o

 luxury. 106. (13, 103, 2). That a certain Callixenus, who proposed the motion and deceived the people, as soon as the populace repented, came under ac

 having killed many of the Byzantines who were quarreling with one another, and having appropriated the property of all who had been destroyed, he also

 For these things, having received praise from those who had been well-treated, he was honored with golden crowns and seemed to have done this* as the

 he brought the kingdom into the utmost danger. For this man was energetic and, with much intelligence, audacious, and one who undertook hazardous deed

 gentle in manner. After this, giving himself to a peaceful life, he released the soldiers from their training in warfare, and having taken over the ru

 to examine, but to consider how he will support the soldiers. Iphi 1.244 crates, therefore, obeying the decree of his country, sold as booty the adorn

 being unable. Alexander, therefore, although having been born many generations before our own lifetime, let him receive even from those who came after

 having surrounded with the greatest not only Syracuse but also all Sicily and Libya. For through poverty of life and weakness of affairs, having taken

 having encamped, he urged Andronicus the garrison commander to surrender the city and promised to give rich gifts and honors. But he, saying that he w

 the destruction of his sons, and being angry with all those who had been left behind in Libya, he sent some men to his brother Antander, commanding hi

 having spoken against the king, taught the soldiers that it was advantageous to save the man. For if he were killed, other kings would seize the domin

 of things done with impiety towards the gods and lawlessness towards men, the writer says that he far surpassed the others in piety and humanity. But

 he acquired for himself. But turning to cruelty and greed, he exacted money from the citizens and by forcing many men and not a few women with punishm

 by a turn of fortune to be besieging the recently confined enemy, while those who formerly held sway over land and sea through courage, having fled to

 a certain demon having taken pity, or even chance having brought unexpected help. For when he was in an extreme state because of the stench from the c

 (26, 7). That Dorimachus, the general of the Aetolians, committed an impious deed. For having plundered the oracle at Dodona, he burned the temple exc

 he left Hasdrubal as commander of the forces in Iberia. And having fought many battles in Iberia and always recovering his forces from his defeats, he

 once his blessed kingdom. But after a short time, having judged him to think human thoughts in his good fortunes, he ordered him to be released and ga

 the Dardanians, who were doing no wrong, he also conquered in battle and killed over ten thousand. 236. (28, 3). That Philip the king of the Macedonia

 relaxed their discipline, and the soldiers, having wasted the winter in ease and luxury, fared badly in hardships, being unable to bear either thirst

 he conquered the rulers of the world by so many deeds, that because of the multitude of those cut down by him no one ever dared to fight face to face

 he would put on a toga, just as he had seen those seeking office do in Rome, and he would meet with private citizens, greeting and embracing each one

 having pulled down the statues from Dium, taking all the people from the city with their children and wives, he withdrew to Pydna. A greater mistake m

 a certain lustful disposition towards the youth. 274. (30, 23, 2). That Aemilius, behaving humanely towards Perseus and receiving him at his table and

 a captive, but he, putting everything second to victory, not only rescued the kingdom from great dangers, but also brought the whole nation of the Gal

 with him. 284. (31, 20). That when Antipater died under torture, they brought Asclepiades, the man appointed over the city, shouting that Timotheus ha

 he had as his grandfather by adoption Scipio, called Africanus, who had conquered Hannibal and the Carthaginians, the greatest of the Romans before hi

 he provided him with his own share of the inheritance, its valuation being over 60 talents, and in this way he made his entire property equal to his b

 the mountain of Ariadne, and it was a sanctuary from ancient times. This he plundered and paid the arrears of the soldiers' wages. 294. (31, 35). That

 in short, the nations defected to the Roman hegemony. And they, holding sway over almost the whole inhabited world, secured it by fear and by the dest

 On the whole, this man is justly deemed worthy of approval for his noble birth, his skill in speaking, his military stratagems, and his lack of avaric

 of a just man who pitied the fate of those about to suffer incurable things. For when the Aradians had seized all the ships, so that no one might be a

 he ordered to be killed those of the Cyrenaeans who had brought him down to Egypt, and who were accused of certain just frankness concerning the concu

 would not make agreements with them otherwise, unless they first handed over their allies, at first, being ashamed of the crime against their benefact

 paradoxically, but to those able to judge each matter practically, it seemed to happen not without reason. For because of the excessive wealth of thos

 and he used to drive around in four-wheeled wagons with military slaves and in addition to these, a multitude of handsome boys, and furthermore he st

 he killed, having his own servants for his own murderous deed. And straightaway he ordered their children and wives to be deemed worthy of the same pu

 Athenaeus, the general of Antiochus, having wrought the greatest evils in the quartering of troops, having initiated the flight and abandoned Antiochu

 Flacci were dealt with. 347. (34 ετ 35, 31). That when the kings drew up in battle array against each other in Libya, Jugurtha, having been victorious

 they denied the crowd's impulse and violence and they altered their answers, but Scipio alone confessed that the killing had been done by himself, add

 they poured out their want and lawlessness together in bands upon the country and drove off the herds of cattle, and plundered the crops stored in the

 he raised the prices of these to an unbelievable excess. For a jar of wine was sold for 100 drachmas, and a jar of Pontic salt-fish for 400 drachmas,

 with careful examination and solicitude, judging the disputes in these matters, he dispensed to all the fitting aid for those who were being oppressed

 to Mithridates. Having therefore chosen from the young men those who were distinguished in valor, they sent them to the lodging. And they, falling upo

 immediately he became a private citizen. The senate sent ambassadors to make the treaties and to bring Cinna the consul into the city. 372. (38 and 39

 taking account not of his virtue but his age, at first they despised him, as if those who brought reports about him were emptily exaggerating but whe

 he gives the remission of the fine to them and the letter concerning this to Nicolaus, who was sailing to Chios and Rhodes, where his sons were, since

 he would go, though many renowned men urged him, but he spent the whole day in philosophical contemplations. And he would defend himself concerning mo

 bringing forth comely women they showed them to him and ordered him to sleep there and after using them for the night to depart in the morning. And he

 of his girdle to lead him to death. And when the second messenger arrived in Babylon and reported these things, Nanarus, fearing for his life, promise

 devised against the human race for because of this I have now become a laughingstock to a Babylonian man.2 And the eunuch, perceiving that he was ta

 Iphicles, arriving, rescued her. Not long after doing these things, he came to his senses and became sober-minded, and he intended to leave Thebes, be

 as he himself said, being about to receive the god to perform a sacrifice. And of his sons, being fifty, as they say, from many women, those present a

 of power. End of the 2nd book of Nicolaus of Damascus. 23. (59). That Periander, the son of Cypselus the king of Corinth, received the kingdom from hi

 having taken golden coins, he both raised an army and, leading it first on the lord's day, he showed it to his father and invaded Caria with him, and

 But obey my words, the unerring oracles, lest you perish by an evil fate, acting foolishly against the god. And Cyrus, having heard, ordered the oracl

 he would willingly tell the truths, first he asked if the boys were alive and when he learned this, what manner of salvation had come to them. And wh

 growing. For the time being, therefore, sending embassies to the Sabine nation, they requested that they should take over the leadership of the war, a

 at such an age and for men a great commotion arises when speaking to a large crowd. And when his grandmother died, he was brought up by his mother At

 having a certain excess of companionship. This man's brother was with Cato, being esteemed for his friendship and having participated in the Libyan wa

 And he, embracing him like a child, both because he had left him ill and because he saw him unexpectedly saved from many enemies and bands of robbers,

 had great difficulty. He answered therefore, gently pushing the man away, that Caesar was the leader of their family and the protector of their countr

 To these men, Cleobis and Biton, who were Argives by birth, a sufficient livelihood was available, and in addition to this, a bodily strength of this

 of his own son, except for the head and the tips of the hands and feet, all the other parts and these lay apart on a platter, covered over. When it s

 he castrated two children of local men but after he was discovered to have done this, being both hated and pursued, he went away, fleeing with his sh

 the Samians led the children away to Corcyra. 20. That on account of the assessment of the tribute they say that Darius was a shopkeeper, Cambyses a m

 he was general of the Athenians and their allies and from this Megabyzus came Zopyrus, who deserted from the Persians to Athens. 30. That Scyles, son

 walking the herald back on his departure from Corinth, and he kept lopping off any ear of corn that he saw standing out, and lopping it off, he cast i

 than Harmodius and Aristogeiton. For they, by killing Hipparchus, exasperated the remaining Peisistratids, and in no way did they stop the rest from b

 Spartans, being both well-born by nature and belonging to the first rank in wealth, voluntarily undertook to pay the penalty to Xerxes for the heralds

 being with the Greeks, they fought under compulsion against the king's army but when they saw the affairs of the Persians prevailing, 2.24 then indee

 as follows: that because he had saved the king's life, to gift the helmsman with a golden crown, but because he had lost many of the Persians, to cut

 a sacred precinct around him, where there was much treasure and golden and silver bowls and bronze and clothing and other votive offerings, which Arta

 being praised and having received a considered reputation, 2.32 he possesses his honour recorded for all future time, not in danger of being wiped out

 to live in the established manner, but dressing in Median attire he would go out from Byzantium, and as he traveled through Thrace, Medes and Egyptian

 having seen him raised up in a suburb, they treated him badly for these men were always gloomy, feigning mildness, and they punished the more delicat

 abatement for the Peloponnese and in the war that came later in time after the events in Sicily, the excellence and intelligence of Brasidas at that

 an alliance and ambassadors from the Eleans and Mantineans were present with them. And there arrived also Lacedaemonian ambassadors, who were thought

 having entrusted it, not long after they brought the city to ruin. 18. That when Harmodius was in the bloom of his youth, Aristogeiton, a man from the

 to wipe their noses and to appear full of nature and to become conspicuous when going somewhere, either for the sake of urinating or for some other su

 but which of them was to lead the army, the boy or himself. And they both spoke at the same time, the father thus, Whichever you command and the son

 and he came out to him and led out all those from within, some carrying wine, flour, and others driving oxen, goats, pigs, and if anything unmentionab

 to be more free-spirited than them and when he observed the moderation of their meals for in the face of no food or drink would an educated Persian

 The kingdom of Cyrus in Asia bears witness to itself. It was bounded on the east by the Red Sea, on the north by the Euxine Sea, on the west by Cyprus

 they hated them. But in fact, for the boys, being educated in hunting still remains however, the practice of learning and practicing equestrian skill

 neither when they war with one another nor when the Greeks campaign against them. But in addition to these things, they have decided to make their war

 wishing to show, he made it his chief concern to make these men richer than those who profited from injustice. For indeed, many other things were mana

 it came to pass, after he had taught his own city that the Thracians were wronging the Greeks and had arranged as best he could with the ephors, he sa

 to be hated by the soldiers than for the soldiers to distrust him. He thought it was enough for being and seeming a commander to praise the one who di

 died for he was his guest-friend. And the money belonging to Ephesian Artemis, when he was going with Agesilaus from Asia on the road to Boeotia, he

 of them, which it is custom for them to do for their own and necessary griefs, putting aside gold and purple and all other adornment and wearing black

 the command of the Samnite war. In the first place, this brought slander against Postumius, as it had been done with great arrogance, and again on top

 they bring against him publicly. And the people with all their votes condemned the man, having set death as the penalty of the trial, not deeming it r

 he was in all things burdensome and hated by the cities that had received him. 2.82 (8) And perceiving that many were already treacherously disposed t

 a moment from the hands of those who deemed it worthy. End of the history of Dionysius of Halicarnassus. 2.85 From the history of Polybius of Megalopo

 having endured dangers for the sake of the Argives' freedom, but for the time being having been driven out because none of those inside who had made a

 of the most necessary things, for the sake of not betraying the faith towards the allies. Than which what nobler deed has been or could be? And on wha

 they lived a beastly 2.92 life, considering nothing their own, but all things hostile however, in the time before, while Antigonus lived, they kept t

 the dexterity and intelligence of the man, he undertook to be engaged with these men and to intrigue in some such way as this. Inquiring who were the

 the disposition left by Antigonus. For he held Leontius and Megaleas wholly under his own control, and having removed Alexander and Taurion from their

 continually bearing Philip in mind not so much to show himself a successor and heir of the aforementioned men in their rule as in their principles and

 a fitting memory. 16. That Cleomenes, who contrived a plot against Ptolemy Philopator, came to a bad end, a man who was both skilled in conversation a

 he was made king of the Syracusans, which is the most paradoxical thing of all, and furthermore, not only to have acquired the rule in this way, but a

 before, and by always adding to this what followed, he was about to turn the opinions of others about him to the contrary and to issue conclusions to

 and lawlessness, but on the contrary to clarify for us the things that were done in praise and as a success. And one can see that those who write of t

 But on the contrary, lest when attempting to praise he might not be able to speak worthily of the courage and industry and, in short, of the virtue of

 of those which destroy at the very moment, but taking time and working a disposition However, the evil did not escape the notice of Aratus himself. A

 and he was distracting the Romans through his joint action with Philip. So great and wonderful a thing is a man and a soul properly constituted from i

 attributed to Hannibal concerning his cruelty, but no less also of the circumstances. He seems, indeed, to have been exceptionally avaricious and to h

 is also for ordinary people, but that which is praiseworthy belongs only to men of sound reason and good sense, who must be considered most divine and

 to do the same concerning this. For it is absurd for historians to report with proof the foundations of cities, and when and how and by whom they were

 2.124 the Nemean games, returned again to Argos and laid aside his diadem and purple robe, wishing to represent himself as equal to the many and a cer

 a kindly correction and pardon should follow, but for those who do so deliberately, an inexorable accusation. Either, therefore, one must show that Ar

 to one who has lied intentionally. For because Timaeus, having gotten hold of such things, would have omitted nothing, but rather, as the saying goes,

 considering it testimony or the bitterness of Timaeus, I confidently declare that the life of Demochares is not liable to any such accusations. And ye

 he should appear comparable to the most illustrious of the heroes, even though he himself, dealing only with Italy and Sicily, was reasonably thought

 That Scopas the Aetolian general, having failed in the magistracy for the sake of which he dared to write the laws, was eager to go to Alexandria, per

 fear for the country and the city, and making clear the number of mercenaries who were maintained for the sake of their security, and furthermore the

 He was overjoyed at the city of the Cians 2.141, as if he had accomplished some fine and noble deed, but he did not see the opposite of these things,

 all were recalling the misfortunes that had previously befallen the kingdom because of these people. But since they had no person of sufficient credit

 For things that happen through ignorance on the part of writers, which it is difficult for a man to escape but if we write falsely by deliberate choi

 of Arcadia. But the river, not far distant from its source, and after being hidden for ten stadia, emerges again, and for the rest of its course flowi

 during the danger because of the unfamiliarity with the appearance of the beasts. But those drawn up on the right remained unharmed from the beginning

 audiences, in this he was distributing, or rather, if one must say what was apparent, squandering the royal funds on the ambassadors who had arrived f

 we make note of good men individually in our memoirs, in the same way it is right also to make mention in common of cities for their good, as many as

 in Arcadia, the party of Cercidas and Hieronymus and Eucampidas became traitors of Greece, because they were allied with Philip, and in Messene the so

 one who handed over his country and his original friends to the enemy would never be well-disposed to them nor maintain faith with them. And yet, even

 to preserve in this part. But for the sake of testimony, two acknowledged names *** so as not to seem to be saying impossible things. For Lucius Aemil

 Hegesander. concerning which, when we come to the appropriate times, we shall not hesitate to clarify the things that followed their authorities. Book

 of the Boeotians had fallen into such a poor condition that for nearly twenty-five years justice was not administered among them, neither concerning p

 to receive a fitting remembrance. 76. That Ptolemy, the king of Egypt, when he besieged the city of Lycopolis, the rulers of the Egyptians, struck wit

 of what was to come, but loving and carousing from daybreak and dedicating his ears to entertainments. But Titus forced him to get some slight idea of

 having employed a great many foreign and different-tongued men for desperate and unexpected hopes, he was neither plotted against at all nor abandoned

 safety for those traveling down, but also the recovery of the property from which each had fled. He also released those in Macedonia itself from their

 when the will of the Romans was being turned to deliberate malice, at first the aforementioned men thought little of it, being conscious in themselves

 circumstances to pursue what is desirable and truly flee what is to be avoided, and not at the last moment of their lives, being blind to what is fitt

 Deino was attached to life and endured this public humiliation. But Polyaratus far surpassed Deino in foolishness and cowardice. For when Poplius orde

 hindered by circumstances from external aid, they fell back upon themselves. And previously, during the civil war, there was no horror which they did

 Aristeides the Athenian and Epaminondas the Theban, how much more wonderful is it that he, having become master of the entire kingdom and having taken

 and you will live with me for I shall seem at once to myself to be worthy both of the house and of my ancestors. And Polybius on the one hand was pl

 So this was the first beginning of his reputation for nobility that happened to him, and it made for great progress, since the race of women is both t

 the magnanimity and friendliness of Scipio's character. Having been thus prepared from his earliest youth, Publius Scipio came forward to pursue ambit

 Boeotia, and likewise in Acarnania, Chrematas having been removed. For it was almost as if a certain purification of Greece had come to pass, as its a

 he made his own rule a rival of dynasties, not employing chance for the most part as an assistant, nor by a sudden reversal of fortune, but through hi

 while Holophernes was alive, except to him who had made the deposit but Ariarathes seemed to many to be transgressing his duty, demanding another's d

 feet away, having thrown up before him a trench and a palisade, and he motioned to the king to approach him, when the opposite ought to have happened.

 and that of the deserters daily because of the famine then by mocking some, and by insulting and murdering others, he terrified the majority and in t

 throwing themselves into wells and down cliffs, so that, according to the proverb, even an enemy would have felt pity upon seeing the reversal of fort

 a good wrestler. This was to quickly trip up and easily defeat the Greeks which he did. For because of this it happened that neither the anger and wr

 in Achaea, these ten men instructed the quaestor who was about to sell the property of Diaeus, whatever of the existing property Polybius might wish t

 they enrolled, having shown brilliant deeds against the Sabines and they established a tribe named after him. 2. That when unpleasant signs from Zeus

 of so many of their own. The senate, persuaded by these things, voted for the cancellation of debts for all Romans, and amnesty for their enemies at t

 But when he set sail with the spoils, a storm overtook him, and of the ships, it sank some and destroyed them with the men themselves, and cast others

 being established over the affairs of the Carthaginians, a slave, whose master he had cruelly killed, secretly slays him during a hunt. And Hannibal,

 wealth. 22. That Viriathus, for one born among barbarians, was most fit to command, and most fond of danger in all things before all others, and most

 to be brought on. After this, having embarked the multitude on the ships, he waited for the wind, leaving a few on land as a guard. But the Petelini a

 He became harsh towards everyone, as his fortune began to fail him. as one can see many people do, becoming more irrational than their usual selves as

 but over his children, not long after he died. End of the history of Appian entitled Royal. 2.235 Concerning virtue and vice. 14. From the Roman Histo

 helped to establish his rule, even if to give it to someone else. And for this reason he consumed the best of the council and the cavalry, and he did

 I will do it but you, if you are men and take thought for your wives and children, avenge me, free yourselves, and show the tyrants what kind of men

 I do in respect to both, that he dared to go down alone to the enemy, and that though able to withdraw somewhere safely, he was unwilling, but returne

 promising in addition to do nothing unworthy of them, he both freed them from their 2.244 anger, especially by bringing forward the age of his son, an

 having rushed into the houses, they killed many, except for a few whom Decius invited to dinner and slaughtered. 25. That Pyrrhus at first attempted t

 he acquired unwillingly. And with these men he became not only a sharer of their life but also a sharer of their dangers, being the first to undertake

 of what happened, he both planned and did all things appropriate to the present circumstances. 34. That Hannibal, having taken the Nucerini by an agre

 and he won over both them and the others. 43. That Scipio was skilled in strategy, but fair in his dealings and he was terrifying to those who resist

 having taken from Greece he had treated with great care. For he was not willing to ransom him, although his father had begged him many times. However,

 in confidence he examined, and the management of them he carried out as if fearing. Wherefore, by the fearless examination of his reasoning he accurat

 he knew precisely that he had not won, but nevertheless even then he employed such arrogance that he made no mention of a triumph either in the senate

 it happened, but he also ran the additional risk of being handed over, and he realized that matters were examined not on the basis of virtue nor of tr

 by becoming a partisan, he was brought down by his own schemes. 75. That the priestesses for the most part themselves incurred the penalty of both rui

 having campaigned from Delphi, they plundered what it had. However, nothing of value from these things accrued to the Romans at home, but they themsel

 ...to suffer, they secretly deposited there all their most valuable and precious possessions. But Athenion, a Cilician who had perhaps the greatest po

 97. That Marius, suspecting Lupus although he was a kinsman, out of both envy and the hope of being appointed consul for the seventh time, as the only

 not out of enmity, but were perishing even at the non-extension of his hand. And (for it was, as was likely, in such a crowd and tumult, not a care ev

 the city and to come to terms with Sulla, he scattered by shooting with arrows. 110. That Hortensius was a man of strategic ability and skilled in war

 The surname was added to him, he was magnified. 119. That Sulla handed over the army to a man not otherwise praised, although he had many of those who

 and pretending, they hated, so that by the similarity of their deeds, showing their shared character with him and confirming their friendship, they mi

 they were brought to the Roman forum and were set out on the speaker's platform, so that whatever happened concerning the proscriptions, the same thin

 he had incurred. 129. That Caesar was not annoyed when people spoke to him, 2.288 but even greatly rejoiced that they used such great frankness toward

 to speak. For if he had lived his life in quiet, perhaps he would have had his virtue untested but as it is, having been exalted to the highest degre

 the greatness of his intellect and his deeds and his fortune, you ordered him to command for the longest time which, since we became a democracy, has

 neither did anyone flee, nor was anyone dishonored at all from those affairs, not because many would not have been most justly punished, but because h

 and to be done by Caesar in accordance with the partnership of the dynasty, since he himself had no need to kill many for by nature he was not cruel,

 he met the pursuers, and pretending to have killed him as he was fleeing, he was believed because of both the spoils and the brand-marks, and at the s

 since they were more numerous and were showing a just anger for what they were being deprived of, they were routed. And from this, taking them on indi

 his beard was oiled for he had already begun to be in love with Livia, and for this reason he sent away Scribonia on the very day she gave birth to h

 they hoped to bring to Caesar, being stuffed like wineskins, but when they learned of what had happened, they rushed to Egypt as if to help them, and

 having received from the people what pertained to his office and having been illegally appointed general, was exalted by these very men and disdained

 Augustus, when the slave fell before him and supplicated him, at first tried to persuade Pollio to do no such thing, but when he would not obey him,

 learning of what was going on, he used so much anger that he could not even contain himself at home but communicated it to the senate. and from this h

 being familiar, but also they were glad, and especially seeing that they were safer than what they had heard. Many knew these things while he was aliv

 of soldiers but also of the people and of the senate, he was unwilling to accept the imperial power. 189. That Tiberius also had certain pretexts for

 they decided it should be given to him. And he praised them, and supposedly acknowledged his gratitude to them for their goodwill, but he rejected the

 adorned for some as if in a triumph he annulled all the decrees against them, punished all those who had plotted against them, and recalled those who

 he acted as a partisan against them, as if he were one of the crowd and once, being displeased at some opposition from them, he did not attend the sp

 he exploited and inherited the properties of the dying. 208. That since Gaius had spent all the money in Rome and had no sufficient source of revenue

 others, not only males but also females, he impersonated. For to match the change of names he also took on every other appropriate feature, so that he

 being his own, he placed her, and he charged Athena to nurse her. This god, then, and this Zeus (for he was finally called this, so that it was even p

 of his son, who at that time was named Claudius Tiberius Germanicus and later also Britannicus, he neither did anything else distinguished nor did he

 to help their masters, and if not, to be deprived of the right to bring suit against others. However, seeing him enslaved to his wife and his freedmen

 she won over some who were well-disposed towards him, partly by fear and partly 2.342 by benefactions. And she caused his son Britannicus to be brough

 he performed them for his companions, then also made them public, so as to add much shame to the entire Roman race, and to do many terrible things to

 rushed in. So a certain Julius Montanus, a senator, indignant on behalf of his wife, fell upon him and inflicted many blows, so that because of the br

 He was very courageous and just, and faithful to all, both his own people and his enemies. For this very reason Nero also sent him to the war in his o

 having won the contest of cithara players and of tragedians and of heralds, was defeated in that of the Caesars. For what proscription could be more g

 Moreover, he hoped to defeat 2.355 Vindex and seemed to have found a pretext for extortion and murders. And he lived in luxury, and dedicated the shri

 to be named. 265. That the same man was not even satisfied with Nero's Golden House, but although he very much loved and praised his name, his life, a

 and of the dead likewise, erasing and annulling the indictments for such crimes. He banished the astrologers from Rome, although he made use of all th

 spoke to him with tears and eagerly enrolled him among the heroes, pretending everything most contrary to what he wished and the others did not know

 as is the nature of things for all who are able to become powerful with emperors, when he was slandered, he never suspected nor hated him, but even wh

 to the whole world. And finally he said that he himself saw a certain star, which was that of Antinous, and he gladly listened to his companions who m

 he burned, so that he might not even have any reproach from them, and he released all those associated with him. 307. That the same man destroyed all

 he made use of. And having been appointed a leader of the knights, he entered the forum with the others, although he was a Caesar. Thus, then, he was

 he was paying attention, and from the very first he cared for none of such things, nor, even if he had been very concerned, was he able to manage them

 and sat beside him on the dais in the senate-house. and he also made Acilius Glabrio do this for the latter was then also listening and watching. The

 he was in danger of being killed by the soldiers. 337. That Severus was accused of making the city crowded with the multitude of 2.383 soldiers, and b

 in wars and in peace best. 346. That Severus went into Arabia from Syria and into Palestine and drew near to Pompey, and sailed up to Upper Egypt thro

 not being meddlesome nor doing anything wrong, was slain. And so being about to die, he asked for his burial clothes, which had been prepared long bef

 a thing made for how much is this? but the multitude of monies given in his name, with which the cities were accustomed to crown the emperors), and o

 doing. 372. That, by thinking and doing such things concerning his murder, he rejoiced in the discord of the barbarian brothers, as if the Parthians w

 to him who had healed the most distinguished men, he gave an oracle. From which it was most clearly shown that they paid attention neither to his voti

 he killed him using men of Gades. 391. That Theocritus of Caesarea, through whom Antoninus learned to dance, had also been the favorite of Saoterus an

 he engaged in buffoonery. 406. That this man both married and was taken in marriage for he played the man and was made a woman, and he both performed

 he would greet. Her husband was Hierocles, a Carian slave, who had once been the boy-favorite of Gordius, from whom he also learned to drive a chariot

 and what belonged to him from his ancestors, whatever the ancient Persians once held as far as the Greek sea and he, not because he himself is worthy

and what belonged to him from his ancestors, whatever the ancient Persians once held as far as the Greek sea; and he, not because he himself is worthy of any account, but because our military affairs are in such a state that some even join him while others are unwilling to defend themselves. For they enjoy such great luxury and power and impunity at the same time that they even killed their own commander. End of the history of Dion.

καὶ προσήκοντά οἱ ἐκ προγόνων, ὅσα ποτὲ οἱ πάλαι Πέρσαι μέχρι τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς θαλάσσης ἔσχον· καὶ ὁ μὲν οὐχ ὅτι αὐτὸς λόγου τινὸς ἄξιος, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὕτω τὰ στρατιωτικὰ ἡμῖν διάκειται ὥστε τοὺς μὲν καὶ προστίθεσθαι αὐτῷ τοὺς δὲ οὐκ ἐθέλειν ἀμύνεσθαι. τοσαύτῃ γὰρ ἅμα τρυφῇ καὶ ἐξουσίᾳ ἀνεπιπληξίᾳ τε χρῶνται ὡς καὶ τὸν ἄρχοντα αὐτῶν ἀποκτεῖναι. τέλος τῆς ἱστορίας ∆ίωνος.