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the, Let him deny himself, and the, Let him take up his cross, and the, Let him follow me; and the two are joined together, but the one is placed by itself. But let us see first what it means to deny oneself. Let us learn first what it is to deny another, and then we will know what it is to deny oneself. What then is it to deny another? He who denies another, 58.542 for example, a brother, or a servant, or anyone at all, even if he sees him being scourged, even if being bound, even if being led away, even if suffering anything whatsoever, he does not stand by him, does not help, does not break down, does not feel anything for him, having been once for all alienated. In this way, then, he wishes us to have no regard for our body, so that even if they scourge us, even if they drive us, even if they burn us, even if they do anything whatsoever, we should not spare it. For this is to spare it. Since fathers, too, then spare their offspring, when, handing them over to teachers, they command them not to spare them. So also Christ; He did not say, Let him not spare himself, but more intensely, Let him utterly deny himself; that is, Let him have nothing in common with himself, but let him give himself up to dangers, to contests, and be so disposed as if another were suffering these things. And He did not say, Let him deny, but, Let him utterly deny; and by this small addition He shows again the great excess. For this is more than that. 2. And let him take up his cross. This comes from that. For lest you think that one must deny oneself up to words and insults and reproaches, He says also up to what point one must deny oneself; that is, up to death, and a shameful death. For this reason He did not say, Let him deny himself unto death, but, Let him take up his cross, indicating the shameful death; and that one must do this not once, nor twice, but throughout one's whole life. For 'carry this death about continually,' He says, 'be ready for slaughter every day.' For since many have despised money and luxury and glory, but have not looked down on death, but have feared dangers; 'I,' He says, 'wish my combatant to wrestle even unto blood, and for the contests to be unto slaughter;' so that even if it be necessary to endure death, and a shameful death, and an accursed death, and under an evil suspicion, to bear all things nobly, and in this rather to rejoice. And let him follow Me. For it is possible even while suffering not to be following, when one does not suffer for His sake; (for robbers also suffer many terrible things, and tomb-robbers and sorcerers;) lest you think that the nature of the terrible things is sufficient, He adds the reason for the terrible things. And what is this? That in doing and suffering these things you may follow Him; that for His sake you may endure all things; that you may also have the other virtues. For this also the phrase, Let him follow me, indicates; so as to display not only courage in terrible things, but also self-control, and gentleness, and all philosophy. For this is to follow as one ought, to take care for the other virtues, and to suffer all things for His sake. For there are those who follow the devil and suffer these things, and for his sake they give up their souls; but we for Christ's sake, or rather for our own sakes; they, so that they may harm themselves both here and there; but we, that we may gain both lives. How then is it not of the utmost folly, not to display even the same courage as those who are perishing, and this when we are about to reap so many crowns? And yet for us Christ is present helping, but for them no one. He had indeed already given this command, when He sent them out, saying, 'Go not into the way of the Gentiles;' 58.543 (For 'I send you forth,' He says, 'as sheep in the midst of wolves;' and, 'You shall be brought before governors and kings;') but now more intensely and more severely. For then He spoke of death only; but here He mentioned also a cross, and a continual cross. 'For let him take up his cross,' He says; that is, let him bear it continually, and carry it. And He is accustomed to do this everywhere, not from the beginning, nor from the preludes, but quietly and little by little introducing the greater of the commandments, so that they might not be astonished who

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τὸ, Ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν, καὶ τὸ, Ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸ, Ἀκολουθείτω μοι· καὶ τὰ μὲν δύο συνέζευκται, τὸ δὲ ἓν καθ' ἑαυτὸ τέθειται. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν πρότερον τί ποτέ ἐστι τὸ ἀρνήσασθαι ἑαυτόν. Μάθωμεν πρότερον τί ἐστιν ἀρνήσασθαι ἕτερον, καὶ τότε εἰσόμεθα τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἀρνήσασθαι ἑαυτόν. Τί οὖν ἐστιν ἀρνήσασθαι ἕτερον; Ὁ ἀρνούμενος ἕτερον, 58.542 οἷον ἢ ἀδελφὸν, ἢ οἰκέτην, ἢ ὁντιναοῦν, κἂν μαστιζόμενον ἴδῃ, κἂν δεσμούμενον, κἂν ἀπαγόμενον, κἂν ὁτιοῦν πάσχοντα, οὐ παρίσταται, οὐ βοηθεῖ, οὐκ ἐπικλᾶται, οὐ πάσχει τι πρὸς αὐτὸν, ἅτε ἅπαξ ἀπαλλοτριωθείς. Οὕτω τοίνυν βούλεται τοῦ σώματος ἀφειδεῖν τοῦ ἡμετέρου, ἵνα κἂν μαστίζωσι, κἂν ἐλαύνωσι, κἂν καίωσι, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ποιῶσι, μὴ φεισώμεθα. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι φείσασθαι. Ἐπεὶ καὶ οἱ πατέρες τότε φείδονται τῶν ἐγγόνων, ὅταν διδασκάλοις αὐτὰ παραδιδόντες, κελεύωσιν αὐτῶν μὴ φείδεσθαι. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστός· οὐκ εἶπε, Μὴ φεισάσθω ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐπιτεταμένως, Ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτόν· τουτέστι, Μηδὲν ἐχέτω κοινὸν πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, ἀλλ' ἐκδιδότω τοῖς κινδύνοις, τοῖς ἀγῶσι, καὶ ὡς ἑτέρου ταῦτα πάσχοντος, οὕτω διακείσθω. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἀρνησάσθω, ἀλλ', Ἀπαρνησάσθω· καὶ τῇ μικρᾷ ταύτῃ προσθήκῃ πολλὴν πάλιν ἐμφαίνων τὴν ὑπερβολήν. Καὶ γὰρ πλέον τοῦτο ἐκείνου ἐστί. βʹ. Καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ. Τοῦτο ἐξ ἐκείνου γίνεται. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσῃς, ὅτι μέχρι ῥημάτων καὶ ὕβρεων καὶ ὀνειδῶν δεῖ ἀπαρνήσασθαι ἑαυτὸν, λέγει καὶ μέχρι πόσου ἀπαρνεῖσθαι ἑαυτὸν δεῖ· τουτέστι, μέχρι θανάτου, καὶ θανάτου ἐπονειδίστου. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν μέχρι θανάτου, ἀλλ' Ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, τὸν ἐπονείδιστον θάνατον δηλῶν· καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ἅπαξ, οὐδὲ δὶς, ἀλλὰ διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου τοῦτο δεῖ ποιεῖν. ∆ιηνεκῶς γὰρ, φησὶ, περίφερε τὸν θάνατον τοῦτον, καθ' ἡμέραν ἕτοιμος ἔσο πρὸς σφαγήν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλοὶ χρημάτων μὲν κατεφρόνησαν καὶ τρυφῆς καὶ δόξης, θανάτου δὲ οὐχ ὑπερεῖδον, ἀλλ' ἔδεισαν κινδύνους· ἐγὼ, φησὶ, καὶ μέχρις αἵματος παλαίειν τὸν ἀγωνιστὴν βούλομαι τὸν ἐμὸν, καὶ ἕως σφαγῆς τὰ σκάμματα γίνεσθαι· ὥστε κἂν θάνατον ὑπομεῖναι δέῃ, κἂν θάνατον τὸν ἐπονείδιστον, κἂν θάνατον τὸν ἐπάρατον, κἂν ἐπὶ πονηρᾷ ὑπολήψει, πάντα γενναίως φέρειν, καὶ ταύτῃ μᾶλλον ἀγάλλεσθαι. Καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔστι καὶ πάσχοντα μὴ ἀκολουθεῖν, ὅταν μὴ δι' αὐτόν τις πάθῃ· (καὶ γὰρ λῃσταὶ πολλὰ χαλεπὰ πάσχουσι, καὶ τυμβωρύχοι καὶ γόητες·) ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃς, ὅτι ἀρκεῖ τῶν δεινῶν ἡ φύσις, προστίθησι τὴν ὑπόθεσιν τῶν δεινῶν. Τίς δέ ἐστιν αὕτη· Ἵνα ταῦτα ποιῶν καὶ πάσχων αὐτῷ ἀκολουθῇς· ἵνα δι' αὐτὸν πάντα ὑπομένῃς· ἵνα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἀρετὴν ἔχῃς. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο δηλοῖ τὸ, Ἀκολουθείτω μοι· ὥστε μὴ μόνον ἀνδρείαν τὴν ἐν τοῖς δεινοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ σωφροσύνην, καὶ ἐπιείκειαν, καὶ πᾶσαν ἐπιδείκνυσθαι φιλοσοφίαν. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἀκολουθεῖν ὡς χρὴ, τὸ καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ἀρετῆς ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, καὶ τὸ δι' αὐτὸν πάντα πάσχειν. Εἰσὶ γὰρ οἳ τῷ διαβόλῳ ἀκολουθοῦντες καὶ ταῦτα πάσχουσι, καὶ δι' ἐκεῖνον τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἐκδιδόασιν· ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν, μᾶλλον δὲ δι' ἡμᾶς αὐτούς· ἐκεῖνοι μὲν, ἵνα ἑαυτοὺς βλάψωσι καὶ ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐκεῖ· ἡμεῖς δὲ, ἵνα κερδήσωμεν ἑκατέραν τὴν ζωήν. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἐσχάτης βλακείας, μηδὲ τὴν αὐτὴν τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις ἐπιδείκνυσθαι ἀνδρείαν, καὶ ταῦτα τοσούτους μέλλοντας καρποῦσθαι στεφάνους; Καίτοιγε ἡμῖν μὲν καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς πάρεστι βοηθῶν, ἐκείνοις δὲ οὐδείς. Εἶπε μὲν οὖν ἤδη καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἐπίταγμα, ὅτε ἔπεμπεν αὐτοὺς λέγων· Εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλ 58.543 θητε· (Ἀποστέλλω γὰρ ὑμᾶς ὡς πρόβατα ἐν μέσῳ λύκων, φησί· καὶ, Ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε·) νυνὶ δὲ ἐπιτεταμένως μᾶλλον καὶ αὐστηρότερον. Τότε μὲν γὰρ θάνατον εἶπε μόνον· ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ σταυροῦ ἐμνημόνευσε, καὶ σταυροῦ διηνεκοῦς. Ἀράτω γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ· τουτέστι, Βασταζέτω διηνεκῶς, καὶ φερέτω. Καὶ τοῦτο ποιεῖν εἴωθε πανταχοῦ, οὐκ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, οὐδὲ ἐκ προοιμίων, ἀλλ' ἠρέμα καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν τὰ μείζονα τῶν παραγγελμάτων εἰσάγων, ἵνα μὴ ξενίζωνται οἱ